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Earth in the Universe Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper Question 1 A student observes the Milky Way galaxy in the night sky. Which characteristic of the galaxy makes it visible? A. The galaxy’s stellar nebulae reflect the Sun’s light. B. Billions of stars in the galaxy carry out nuclear fusion. C. Tons of compressed matter begin to radiate visible light from the galaxy center. D. The galaxy spins at a speed that generates a large amount of molecular friction. Question 2 What type of galaxy is the Milky Way? A. spiral B. elliptical C. irregular D. oval Question 3 Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part? A. Jovian planets B. Halley’s comet C. Milky Way galaxy D. Orion’s belt Question 4 Which number is closest to the estimated number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy? A. 200 thousand B. 200 million C. 200 billion D. 200 trillion Question 5 Scientists measured the patterns of spectral lines given off by distant galaxies and concluded that almost all of these galaxies are moving away from Earth. What did the scientists observe directly? A. a shift toward longer wavelengths of light B. a shift toward shorter wavelengths of light C. the absence of wavelengths in the visible light range D. the compression of wavelengths in the visible light range Question 6 Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy? A. Orion B. Earth C. Polaris D. Titan Question 7 Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic? A. the color of the galaxy B. the shape of the galaxy C. how many stars make up the galaxy D. how many planets make up the galaxy Question 8 A scientist is searching for areas where new solar systems might form. What feature is the scientist looking for? A. a star similar to our Sun B. a cloud of dust and gas C. an oxygen-rich atmosphere D. a gravitational acceleration of 9.8m/second Question 9 In which structure is the Sun located? A. Milky Way Galaxy B. Andromeda Galaxy C. Cat’s Eye Nebula D. Horseshoe Nebula Question 10 The known universe is made up of many smaller components. Four of these components are listed below. Earth – Halley’s Comet – Milky Way Galaxy – Sun Which of these objects is the largest? A. Earth B. Halley’s Comet C. Milky Way Galaxy D. Sun Question 11 The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang? A. a planet B. a comet C. a moon D. a star Question 12 Which statement is the best description of the Milky Way galaxy? A. a collection of gases held together by inertia B. a group of planets revolving around a single star C. a collection of stars and gases with the Sun as its center D. a group of stars, dust, and planets held together by gravity Question 13 Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic? A. the color of the galaxy B. the shape of the galaxy C. how many stars make up the galaxy D. how many planets make up the galaxy Question 14 Which theory about the origin of the universe states that a densely packed sphere exploded, forming clouds that condensed into galaxies? A. the Galaxy theory B. the Big Bang theory C. the Steady State theory D. the Oscillating theory Question 15 Which list is correctly ordered from smallest to largest? A. galaxy – star – solar system – universe B. universe – galaxy – star – solar system C. solar system – star – universe – galaxy D. star – solar system – galaxy – universe Quest ion 16 The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang? A. a planet B. a comet C. a moon D. a star Question 17 A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as A. consisting of billions of galaxies. B. being less than two billion years old. C. containing approximately ten planets. D. becoming smaller over time. Question 18 All galaxies in the universe A. are composed of many stars. B. have a clockwise spin. C. are irregularly shaped. D. have the same number of stars. Question 19 Which statement about stars is not accurate? A. A small group of stars is called a galaxy. B. Stars consist mainly of hydrogen and helium. C. Types of stars include red giants, super giants, and dwarf stars. D. Constellations of stars are found in different places in the sky. Question 20 Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass? A. Big Bang B. Steady State C. Astronomical D. Catastrophism Question 21 Both Earth and Jupiter follow elliptical orbits around the Sun. The orbit of Jupiter is farther from the Sun than the orbit of Earth. How does this orbit affect the motion of Jupiter compared to Earth? A. Jupiter rotates more slowly on its axis. B. Jupiter revolves more slowly in its orbit. C. The plane of the orbit of Jupiter varies more over time. D. The tilt of the axis of Jupiter is more perpendicular to the plane of orbit. Question 22 Which statement is the best description of the Milky Way galaxy? A. a collection of gases held together by inertia B. a group of planets revolving around a single star C. a collection of stars and gases with the Sun as its center D. a group of stars, dust, and planets held together by gravity Question 23 Question 24 Which geometric term best describes the shape of a planets revolution(orbit) around the sun? a. Elliptical b. Circular c. Spheriodal d. triangular Question 25 Planet X and Planet Y are traveling around a star. Planet X is closer to the star than Planet Y. Which planet will take longer to go around the star? a. Planet X b. Planet Y c. Neither: They both will travel around the same time