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CHAPTER 5 RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION SPRITE CHART WHAT’S GOING ON IN THE WORLD? CHAPTER 5 THE RENAISSANCE 1. 2. 3. 4. WORD OF THE DAY FRAYER MODEL PILLAGE – P. 160 SOLITUDE – P. 165 VENERATION – P. 172 DEVIATE – P. 179 CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE 1. 2. 3. 4. WARM UP QUESTIONS WHAT THREE COUNTRIES WERE INVOLVED IN THE ITALIAN WARS? WHO WERE THE 3 ARTISTIC GIANTS IN THE HIGH RENAISSANCE? HOW DID LUTHER’S THEORY OF SALVATION DIFFER FROM WHAT THE CATHOLIC CHURCH BELIEVED WAS NECESSARY FOR SALVATION? WHAT RELIGIOUS REFORMS WERE INTRODUCED IN ZURICH? CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE –MEANS REBIRTH ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN WORLDS 1350-1550 BEGAN IN ITALY SPREAD THROUGHOUT EUROPE RENAISSANCE CHARACTERISTICS 1. LARGELY AN URBAN SOCIETY CITY-STATES BECAME THE CENTERS OF ITALIAN POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL LIFE 1.a SECULAR – WORLDLY VIEWPOINT (INCREASING WEALTH) CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE 2. AGE OF RECOVERY: PLAGUE, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, DECLINE OF CHURCH POWER 3. NEW VIEW OF HUMAN BEINGS – EMPHASIZED INDIVIDUAL ABILITY EX. - LEONARDO DA VINCI – PAINTER, SCULPTOR, ARCHITECT, INVENTOR, MATHEMATICIAN WHO WAS MOST AFFECTED BY THESE CHANGES? THE ITALIAN STATES MILAN, VENICE, AND FLORENCE BECAME DOMINANT CITY-STATES IN ITALY WHY? NO STRONG RULER CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE MILAN – NORTHERN ITALY ONE OF THE RICHEST CITY-STATES IN ITALY TRADE INDUSTRY VISCONTI FAMILY ESTABLISHED THEMSELVES AS DUKES DIED OUT IN 1447 FRANCESCO SFORZA TOOK OVER MERCENARIES – SOLDIERS SOLD THEIR SERVICES TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER HE AND THE VISCONTI FAMILY CREATED A STRONG STATE HOW? CREATED A TAX SYSTEM – ENORMOUS REVENUES CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE VENICE – NORTHERN ITALY TREMENDOUSLY PROFITABLE INTERNATIONAL TRADE LINK BETWEEN ASIA AND WEST EUROPE REPUBLIC DOGE – ELECTED LEADER WEALTHY MERCHANT-ARISTOCRATS RAN THE GOVERNMENT ON BEHALF OF THEIR OWN INTERESTS CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE FLORENCE – REPUBLIC DOMINATED TUSCANY SMALL WEALTHY GROUP OF MERCHANTS CONTROLLED THE GOVERNMENT SUCCESSFUL SERIES OF WARS 1434 – COSIMO DE’ MEDICI TOOK CONTROL BEHIND THE SCENES – WEALTH AND INFLUENCE OF THIS FAMILY TOOK OVER CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE LOREZO MEDICI CONTINUED HIS GRANDFATHER’S WORK *AN ECONOMIC DECLINE OCCURRED DURING THE 1400S CLOTH MANUFACTURING INCREASED COMPETITION DROVE DOWN PROFITS DOMINICAN PREACHER GIROLAMO SAVONAROLA CONDEMNED THE FAMILY CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE FRUSTRATED CITIZENS FOLLOWED HIM THE MEDICI FAMILY TURNED CONTROL OVER SAVONAROLA – STRICT REGULATIONS GAMBLING, SWEARING, PAINTING, ETC. ATTACKED THE CHURCH ACCUSED OF HERESY AND SENTENCED TO DEATH MEDICI FAMILY RETURNED TO POWER CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE THE ITALIAN WARS THE ITALIAN WARS BEGAN WHEN OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS BEGAN TO BECOME ATTRACTED TO ITALIAN RICHES FRENCH KING CHARLES VIII LED AN ARMY INTO ITALY OCCUPIED NAPLES IN THE SOUTH NORTHERN ITALIAN STATES TURNED TO SPAIN FOR HELP CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE FRANCE AND SPAIN BATTLED IN ITALY FOR 30 YEARS MAY 5, 1527 – SACK OF ROME THOUSANDS OF SPANISH TROOPS AND MERCENARIES ENTERED ROME THEY HAD NOT BEEN PAID IN MONTHS THEIR LEADERS ENCOURAGED THEM TO PILLAGE THE TOWN CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE SMASHED THROUGH THE GATES LOOTED CHURCH OFFICIALS SOLD AS SLAVES BLOODSHED AUTHORITIES FORCED TO BRING ORDER SPAIN WAS LEFT A DOMINANT FORCE IN ITALY CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE MACHIAVELLI AND THE NEW STATECRAFT NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI THE PRINCE – ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL WORKS ON POLITICAL POWER IN THE WESTERN WORLD FOCUS - HOW TO GET AND KEEP POWER OTHER WRITERS STRESSED THE ETHICAL SIDE OF A PRINCE’S BEHAVIOR CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES MACHIAVELLI – REJECTED THIS CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE A PRINCE’S ATTITUDE MUST BE BASED ON AN UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN NATURE SELF-CENTERED, DECEITFUL, LIARS POLITICAL ACTIVITY SHOULD NOT BE RESTRICTED BY MORAL PRINCIPLES PRINCE SHOULD ACT ON BEHALF OF THE STATE – LET HIS CONSCIENCE SLEEP HE ABANDONED MORALITY AS THE BASIS FOR ANALYZING POLITICAL POWER CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE SOCIETY SOCIETY WAS DIVIDED INTO 3 SOCIAL CLASSES: *CLERGY, NOBLES, TOWNSPEOPLE NOBLES 1500 – NOBLES DOMINATED SOCIETY 2-3% OF POPULATION ADVISORS TO KING, HIGH POLITICAL POSTS HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF NOBLES CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE THE BOOK OF THE COURTIER ITALIAN BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE CHARACTERISTICS OF A PERFECT RENAISSANCE NOBLE 1. A NOBLE IS BORN, NOT MADE – CHARACTER, GRACE, SKILL 2. 2 BASIC SKILLS – WARRIOR PERFORM MILITARY AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND GET A CLASSICAL EDUCATION 3. CONDUCT – SHOW ACHIEVEMENTS WITH GRACE CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THESE STANDARDS? PEASANTS AND TOWNSPEOPLE 85% - 90% OF EUROPEAN POPULATION PEASANTS – MAJORITY OF POPULATION SERFDOM CONTINUED TO DECREASE BUT LABOR OWED BY A PEASANT WAS CONVERTED INTO RENT 1500 - PEASANTS ARE BECOMING LEGALLY FREE TOWNSPEOPLE – REST OF THE POPULATION CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE TOWNSPEOPLE PATRICIANS – TOP OF URBAN SOCIETY WEALTH FROM TRADE, INDUSTRY, BANKING BURGHERS – SHOPKEEPERS, ARTISANS, GUILD MASTERS AND MEMBERS WORKERS - PITIFUL WAGES UNEMPLOYED – LIVED MISERABLE LIVES 1300 AND 1400 – POVERTY INCREASED CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE FAMILY AND MARRIAGE THE FAMILY WAS VERY IMPORTANT *PARENTS ARRANGED MARRIAGES TO STRENGTHEN BUSINESS/FAMILY TIES DONE DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD DOWRY – SUM OF MONEY GIVEN BY THE WIFE’S FAMILY TO THE HUSBAND *THE FATHER/HUSBAND WAS THE CENTER OF THE ITALIAN FAMILY CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE NAME – FINANCES – CHILDREN MOTHER SUPERVISED THE HOUSEHOLD FATHER’S AUTHORITY WAS ABSOLUTE OVER HIS CHILDREN FORMALLY FREED EARLY TEENS TO LATE TWENTIES CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTING MOVABLE TYPE JOHANNES GUTENBERG OF GERMANY GUTENBERG BIBLE – 1455 1ST EUROPEAN BOOK PRODUCED FROM MOVABLE TYPE 1500S – THOUSANDS OF PRINTERS IN EUROPE RELIGIOUS BOOKS, LEGAL,CLASSICS CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE WHY WAS THIS SO IMPORTANT? 1. ENCOURAGED SCHOLARLY RESEARCH 2. INCREASED PUBLIC DESIRE TO READ 3. SPREAD THE IDEAS OF THE REFORMATION CHINA HAD INVENTED PRINTING MUCH EARLIER AS WELL AS MOVABLE TYPE CHAPTER 5-1 THE RENAISSANCE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5-1 REVIEW QUESTIONS IDENTIFY 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RENAISSANCE. WHAT WERE THE 3 INFLUENTIAL CITY-STATES? DESCRIBE THE SACK OF ROME. WHAT WAS MACHIAVELLI’S THEORY ON POLITICAL POWER? NAME AND DESCRIBE THE 3 ESTATES OF RENAISSANCE SOCIETY. CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM SECULARISM AND THE INDIVIDUAL ARE TWO THINGS EMPHASIZED DURING THE RENAISSANCE HOW DO WE KNOW THIS? THIS CAN BE SEEN IN THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE TIME HUMANISM – KEY INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT OF THE RENAISSANCE * BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE CLASSICS, THE LITERARY WORKS OF ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME http://www.history.com/videos/humanism-triggersthe-renaissance#humanism-triggers-the-renaissance CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE POETRY, PHILOSOPHY, GRAMMAR HUMANITIES FRANCESCO PETRARCH – FATHER OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM FORGOTTEN LATIN MANUSCRIPTS EMPHASIZED USING PURE CLASSICAL LATIN 14TH CENTURY HUMANISTS – SOLITUDE, REJECTED FAMILY AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE 15TH CENTURY HUMANISTS – DIFFERED DUTY OF AN INTELLECTUAL TO LIVE AN ACTIVE LIFE IN SERVICE FOR THE STATE VERNACULAR LITERATURE ALTHOUGH MANY WROTE IN CLASSICAL LATIN SOME WROTE IN THE VERNACULAR VERNACULAR LITERATURE – LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN THEIR REGIONS THIS BEGAN TO GROW DANTE ALIGHIERI – ITALIAN AUTHOR DIVINE COMEDY – SOUL’S JOURNEY TO SALVATION CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE GEOFFREY CHAUCER – THE CANTERBURY TALES ENGLISH VERNACULAR COLLECTION OF STORIES TOLD BY 29 PILGRIMS GOING TO THE TOMB OF SAINT THOMAS A BECKET AT CANTERBURY, ENGLAND CHRISTINE DE PIZAN FRENCH VERNACULAR THE BOOK OF THE CITY OF LADIES WOMEN’S RIGHTS CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE EDUCATION IN THE RENAISSANCE DEEMED VERY IMPORTANT BY HUMANISTS WROTE BOOKS AND OPENED SCHOOLS BASED ON THEIR IDEAS AT THE CORE WAS LIBERAL STUDIES ALLOWED PEOPLE TO REACH THEIR FULL POTENTIAL HISTORY, MORAL PHILOSOPHY, RHETORIC, POETRY, LOGIC, MATH, MUSIC, ASTRONOMY CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE PURPOSE – FOLLOW A PATH OF VIRTUE AND WISDOM PERSUADE OTHERS TO FOLLOW PRACTICAL PREPARATION FOR LIFE – CREATING COMPLETE CITIZENS NOT SCHOLARS PHYSICAL EDUCATION WAS IMPORTANT TOO – SOUND MIND AND BODY JAVELIN, ARCHERY, DANCING, RUNNING, WRESTLING, HUNTING, SWIMMING CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE FEW FEMALES ATTENDED SCHOOLS THOSE WHO DID STUDIED THE CLASSIC DANCE, SING, PLAY THE LUTE, POETRY, SOME HISTORY RELIGION AND MORALS WERE FOREMOST “CHRISTIAN LADIES” BECOME GOOD WIVES AND MOTHERS CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE IN ITALY ARTISTS IMITATED NATURE/REALITY HUMAN BEINGS BECAME THE FOCUS NEW PAINTING TECHNIQUES FRESCO – PAINTING DONE ON FRESH WET PLASTER FRESCOES PAINTED BY MASACCIO HAVE BEEN REGARDED AS THE 1ST MASTERPIECES OF THE EARLY RENAISSANCE HE GAVE THEM MORE DEPTH AND LIFE AS OPPOSED TO MEDIEVAL PAINTINGS CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE DONATELLO – STATUE OF SAINT GEORGE – REALISTIC FREESTANDING FIGURE FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI – ARCHITECT HIRED BY THE MEDICI TO DESIGN THE CHURCH OF SAN LORENZO IT WAS CREATED TO FIT MORE HUMAN NEEDS THAN DIVINE NEEDS CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE FINAL STAGE OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE PAINTING – HIGH RENAISSANCE 1490-1520 3 ARTISTS DA VINCI, RAPHAEL, MICHELANGELO 1. LEONARDO DA VINCI – MASTERED REALISTIC PAINTING & DISSECTED BODIES 2. RAPHAEL – ADMIRED FOR HIS MADONNAS – PAINTING OF THE VIRGIN MARY FRESCOES IN THE VATICAN PALACE – SCHOOL OF ATHENS CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE MICHELANGELO – CEILING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL PAINTER, SCULPTOR, ARCHITECT POPE JULIUS II MAY 1508 TO OCTOBER 1512 THREATENED TO BE THROWN DOWN FROM THE SCAFFOLDING EASIER TO READ WITH HIS BOOK UP CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE NORTHERN ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE ARTISTS IN NORTHERN EUROPE BECAME INTERESTED IN PORTRAYING THEIR WORLD REALISTICALLY LIKE THE ITALIANS THE LOW COUNTRIES – BELGIUM, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS BUT THEIR STYLES DIFFERED WHY? CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE ITALIANS HAD LARGE WALL SPACES NORTH – SMALLER GOTHIC CATHEDRALS DID NOT ALLOW FOR FRESCOES DRAW ON A SMALL SCALE WHICH TOOK A LOT OF DETAIL NORTHERN SCHOOL OF ART – FLANDERS JAN VAN EYCK – AMONG THE 1ST TO USE OIL PAINT WIDE VARIETY OF COLORS AND DETAIL GIOVANNI ARNOLFINI AND HIS BRIDE CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE 1500S NORTHERN ARTISTICS BEGAN TO STUDY IN ITALY – INFLUENCED BY THE ITALIANS EXAMPLE – GERMAN ARTIST – ALBRECHT DURER STUDIED THE LAWS OF PERSPECTIVE ADORATION OF THE MAGI HE TRIED TO INCORPORATE THE DETAIL OF THE NORTHERN ARTISTS WITH THE ITALIAN THEORIES ON THE HUMAN FORM http://study.com/academy/lesson/renaissance-art-artists-paintings-sculpturesarchitecture.html CHAPTER 5-2 THE INTELLECTUAL AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SECTION 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS WHO IS KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM? WHO WROTE THE CANTERBURY TALES? WHAT DOES VERNACULAR MEAN? WHO WERE THE MASTERS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE? WHERE WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT SCHOOL OF ART IN NORTHERN EUROPE LOCATED? CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION ERASMUS AND CHRISTIAN HUMANISM THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION IS THE NAME GIVEN TO THE RELIGIOUS REFORM MOVEMENT THAT DIVIDED THE WESTERN CHURCH INTO CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT GROUPS CHANGES IN INTELLECTUAL THOUGHT HELPED YIELD THIS RELIGIOUS CHANGE CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION AS THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM SPREAD INTO NORTHERN EUROPE IT HELPED SPAWN CHRISTIAN HUMANISM – NORTHERN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM GOAL – REFORM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH ABILITY TO REASON AND IMPROVE THEMSELVES CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION READ THE CLASSICS AND BASIC CHRISTIAN WORKS BECOME MORE PIOUS AND BRING ABOUT A CHANGE IN SOCIETY AND CHURCH THE HUMAN BEINGS MUST CHANGE FIRST DESIDERIUS ERASMUS – BEST KNOWN CHRISTIAN HUMANIST “PHILOSOPHY OF CHRIST” – VIEW CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 1. 2. 3. *CHRISTIANITY SHOULD SHOW PEOPLE HOW TO LIVE DAILY INSTEAD OF GIVING THEM A SET OF BELIEFS TO PRACTICE HE STRESSED INWARD RELIGION TO REFORM THE CHURCH – SPREAD THE PHILOSOPHY OF CHRIST, PROVIDE CHRISTIAN EDUCATION AND CRITICIZE THE ABUSES OF THE CHURCH THE PRAISE OF FOLLY CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION HUMOROUSLY CRITICIZED THINGS IN SOCIETY THAT HE FELT NEEDED TO BE REFORMED EX. – MONKS HE ONLY WANTED TO REFORM THE CHURCH – NOT BREAK AWAY THOSE WHO COME AFTER WILL BREAK AWAY CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION RELIGION ON THE EVE OF THE REFORMATION 1450 – 1520 RENAISSANCE POPES FAILED TO MEET THE CHURCH’S SPIRITUAL NEEDS THE POPES WERE MORE CONCERNED WITH ITALIAN POLITICS AND WORLDLY INTERESTS CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION EX. – JULIUS II – “WARRIOR POPE” WHY? LED ARMIES AGAINST HIS ENEMIES SPIRITUAL OR MILITARY LEADER? CHURCH OFFICIALS – CONCERNED WITH MONEY – USED CHURCH OFFICES TO ADVANCE THEIR CAREERS PARISH PRIESTS – SEEMED IGNORANT OF THEIR SPIRITUAL DUTIES CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION PEOPLE WANTED TO KNOW HOW TO SAVE THEIR SOULS PEOPLE DESIRED MEANINGFUL RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION AND ASSURANCE OF SALVATION – ACCEPTANCE INTO HEAVEN IT BECAME MECHANIC – COLLECTED RELLICS THROUGH THE VENERATION OF THESE THEY COULD GAIN AN INDULGENCE CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION INDULGENCES – RELEASE FROM ALL OR PART OF THE PUNISHMENT OF SIN *THE CHURCH SOLD INDULGENCES IN THE FORM OF CERTIFICATES OTHERS SOUGHT CERTAINTY THROUGH THE MOVEMENT KNOWN AS MODERN DEVOTION – STRESSED THE NEED TO FOLLOW JESUS NOT DOGMAS THE WORLDLY-WISE CLERGY WERE NOT INTERESTED IN THE SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION MARTIN LUTHER *MONK AND PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WITTENBERG IN GERMANY TAUGHT THE BIBLE CAME UP WITH AN ANSWER FOR SALVATION CATHOLIC CHURCH TAUGHT FATIH AND GOOD WORKS CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION LUTHER DIFFERED PEOPLE COULD NEVER DO ENOUGH GOOD WORKS *FAITH IN GOD ALONE IF A PERSON HAS FAITH GOD WILL MAKE THAT PERSON JUST AND WORTHY OF SALVATION GOD’S MERCY AND GRACE COULD NOT BE EARNED BY GOOD WORKS JUSTIFICATION - BEING MADE RIGHT BEFORE GOD – BY FAITH ALONE - *THIS BECAME THE MAIN TEACHING OF THE REFORMATION CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION BIBLE WAS HIS SOURCE OF RELIGIOUS TRUTH THE NINETY-FIVE THESES LUTHER WAS UPSET WITH THE SELLING OF INDULGENCES MONK JOHANN TETZEL – SLOGAN AS SOON AS THE COIN IN THE MONEY BOX RINGS, THE SOUL FROM PURGATORY SPRINGS CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION LUTHER FELT PEOPLE WERE HARMING THEMSELVES OCTOBER 31, 1517 SENT A LIST OF CHURCH ABUSES TO CHURCH SUPERIORS THOUSANDS OF COPIES WERE PRINTED AND SPREAD THROUGHOUT GERMANY POPE LEO X DID NOT TAKE LUTHER SERIOUSLY DRUNKEN GERMAN CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION A BREAK WITH THE CHURCH 1520 LUTHER MOVING TO BREAKING AWAY FROM THE CHURCH CALLED FOR GERMAN PRINCES TO OVERTHROW THE PAPACY AND SET UP A REFORMED GERMAN CHURCH ATTACKED THE SACRAMENTS – WHY? HE FELT THAT IT DESTROYED THE REAL MEANING OF RELIGION KEPT TWO – BAPTISM & COMMUNION CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION CLERGY COULD MARRY CONTINUED TO PUSH FAITH ALONE CHURCH COULD NOT ACCEPT LUTHER’S VIEWS EXCOMMUNICATED 1521 CALLED BEFORE THE IMPERIAL DIET – LEG. ASSEMBLY OF HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE EMPEROR CHARLES V TRIED TO CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION CONVINCE LUTHER TO CHANGE HIS VIEWS HE REFUSED OUTRAGED THE EMPEROR EDICT OF WORMS – OUTLAWED LUTHER IN THE EMPIRE HIS WORKS WERE TO BE BURNED AND LUTHER WAS TO BE TAKEN TO THE EMPEROR ELECTOR FREDERICK OF SAXONY SENT CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION LUTHER INTO HIDING AND PROTECTED HIM WHEN HE RETURNED TO GERMANY THE RISE OF LUTHERANISM THIS BECAME A REVOLUTION GAINED SUPPORT OF GERMAN RULERS THEY TOOK CONTROL OF THE CHURCHES FORMED STATE CHURCHES – GOV. RUN CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION LUTHER SET UP NEW RELIGIOUS SERVICES TO REPLACE MASS BIBLE READING, PREACHING, & SONG THIS DOCTRINE SOON BECAME CALLED LUTHERANISM FIRST PROTESTANT FAITH 1524 – POLITICAL CRISIS PEASANT REVOLT CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION PEASANTS WANTED LUTHER TO HELP THEM HE REFUSED SUPPORTED THE LORDS – CALLED BY GOD THE LORDS CRUSHED THE REVOLT LUTHER FOUND HIMSELF DEPENDENT ON STATE AUTHORITIES FOR THE GROWTH OF THE CHURCH http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses/videos#martin-luthersparks-a-revolution CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION POLITICS IN GERMAN REFORMATION LUTHER’S MOVEMENT WAS TIED TO POLITICS CHARLES V – RULER OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE WANTED TO KEEP THE EMPIRE UNDER THE CONTROL OF HIS DYNASTY – HAPSBURGS WANTED TO KEEP THE EMPIRE CATHOLIC PROBLEMS – KEPT HIM FROM BOTH CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION IT COST HIM HIS DREAM AND HEALTH THESE SAME PROBLEMS HELPED LUTHERANISM SURVIVE WHAT WERE THESE PROBLEMS CONFLICT WITH FRANCE OVER LAND -20 YEARS FACED OPPOSITION FROM POPE CLEMENT VII – JOINED THE FRENCH GERMAN STATES FREED THEMSELVES FROM THE RULE OF THE EMPEROR CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION THEY SUPPORTED LUTHER LUTHERAN PRINCES WERE WELL ORGANIZED CHARLES V WAS NOT ABLE TO DEFEAT THEM FORCED TO SEEK PEACE 1555 – THE PEACE OF AUGSBURG FORMALLY ACCEPTED CHRISTIANITY IN GERMANY CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION THE GERMAN STATES NOW HAD A CHOICE OF RELIGION CATHOLICISM OR LUTHERANISM LUTHERAN STATES HAD SAME RIGHTS AS CATHOLIC STATES INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE WAS NOT ACCEPTED CHAPTER 5-3 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SECTION 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS WHAT WAS THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION? WHO WAS DESIDERIUS ERASMUS? WHAT WERE THE NINETY-FIVE THESES? WHAT OUTLAWED LUTHER FROM THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE? WHAT ENDED THE RELIGIOUS WARS IN GERMANY? CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE THE ZWINGLIAN REFORMATION NO MORE CHRISTIAN UNITY DIVISION OF PROTESTANTISM ULRICH ZWINGLI – PRIEST ZURICH, SWITZERLAND INTRODUCED RELIGIOUS REFORMS ABOLISHED RELICS AND IMAGES WHITEWASHED WALLS NEW CHURCH SERVICE PRAYERS, SERMONS, SCRIPTURE CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE HIS IDEAS SPREAD SOUGHT AN ALLIANCE WITH MARTIN LUTHER WHY? BECAUSE THEY BOTH REALIZED THE NEED FOR UNITY TO DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST CATHOLIC AUTHORITIES DID THIS UNION HAPPEN? NO COULD NOT AGREE ON COMMUNION OCTOBER 1531 – WAR BROKE OUT ZWINGLI WAS KILLED CALVIN AND CALVINISM JOHN CALVIN – PROTESTANT LEADER CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE CONVERTED TO PROTESTANTISM JOHN CALVIN – FORCED TO FLEE CATHOLIC FRANCE FLED TO SWITZERLAND INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION – SUMMARY OF PROTESTANT THOUGHT THIS GAVE HIM A REPUTATION AS A NEW LEADER CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE HAD VERY SIMILAR BELIEFS TO LUTHER JUSTIFICATION, FAITH ALONE EMPHASIZED – ALL POWERFUL NATURE OF GOD: POWER, GRACE, GLORY PREDESTINATION – GOD HAD ALREADY DETERMINED IN ADVANCE WHO WOULD BE SAVED AND WHO WOULDN’T ELECT AND REPROBATE CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE CALVINISTS HAD A FIRM BELIEF THAT THEY WERE DOING GOD’S WORK SPREAD THEIR FAITH CALVIN WORKED TO REFORM GENEVA CREATED A CHURCH GOVERNMENT – CLERGY AND LAITY IN SERVICES THE CONSISTORY – COURT – ENFORCE MORAL DISCIPLINE – PUNISH DANCING, SWEARING, CARDS, DRUNKENNESS CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE GREAT SUCCESS MISSIONARIES WERE TRAINED AND SENT TO ALL PARTS OF EUROPE MID 16TH CENTURY – CALVINISM REPLACED LUTHERANISM AS THE MOST IMPORTANT & DYNAMIC PROTESTANT RELIGION “THE MOST PERFECT SCHOOL OF CHRIST ON EARTH” – GENEVA http://www.history.com/topics/reformation/videos/the-origins-of-calvinism CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND THE ENGLISH REFORMATION WAS ROOTED IN POLITICS AND NOT RELIGION KING HENRY VIII – WANTED TO DIVORCE HIS FIRST WIFE, CATHERINE OF ARAGON WANTED A MALE HEIR DAUGHTER – MARY WANTED TO MARRY ANNE BOLEYN CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE HE BECAME IMPATIENT WITH POPE’S UNWILLINGNESS TO ANNUL HIS MARRIAGE HE TURNED TO ENGLAND’S CHURCH COURTS ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY – HEAD OF THE HIGHEST CHURCH COURT - THOMAS CRANMER GRANTED THE ANNULMENT HENRY MARRIED ANNE BOLEYN THEY HAD A GIRL – ELIZABETH WHO WAS THIS LITTLE GIRL? CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE 1534 – HENRY REQUESTED TO FINALIZE THE BREAK OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH WITH THE POPE IN ROME THE ACT OF SUPREMACY OF 1534 – KING WAS THE ONLY SUPREME HEAD ON EARTH OF THE NEW CHURCH OF ENGLAND – ANGLICAN CHURCH THIS GAVE HIM CONTROL OF EVERYTHING http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/henry-viii/videos/henry-viii CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE THOMAS MORE – DEVOUT CATHOLIC, CHRISTIAN HUMANIST BEHEADED DISSOLVED THE MONASTERIES AND SOLD THEIR LAND AND POSSESSIONS TO WEALTHY LANDOWNERS/MERCHANT HE REMAINED CLOSE TO CATHOLIC TEACHINGS DIED 1547 – SUCCEEDED BY EDWARD VI CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE SICKLY 9 YEAR OLD BY HIS THIRD WIFE WEAK CHURCH OFFICIALS MOVED THE CHURCH TOWARD PROTESTANTISM CLERGY WERE ALLOWED TO MARRY AND NEW PROTESTANT SERVICES WERE CREATED SOME OPPOSED THIS CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE MARY – CAME TO THE THRONE IN 1553 WANTED TO RESTORE ENGLAND TO ROMAN CATHOLICISM MORE THAN 300 PEOPLE BURNED “BLOODY MARY” OPPOSITE EFFECT MORE PROTESTANT AT THE END OF HER REIGN http://www.pbs.org/wnet/sixwives/meet/index.html CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE THE ANABAPTISTS RADICAL 1. VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY OF ADULT BELIEVERS SPIRITUAL REBIRTH AND BAPTIZED 2. THEY DID NOT BAPTIZE INFANTS CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE 3. EVERYONE WAS EQUAL CHOSE THEIR OWN PRIESTS ANY MEMBER COULD BE THE PRIEST WOMEN WERE OFTEN EXCLUDED 4. THEY BELIEVED IN THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE 5. THEY REFUSED TO HOLD POLITICAL OFFICE OR BEAR ARMS “THOU SHALL NOT KILL” AMISH ARE THEIR RELIGIOUS DESCENDANTS CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE EFFECTS ON THE ROLE OF WOMEN PROTESTANTISM PLACED THE FAMILY AT THE CENTER OF HUMAN LIFE THE CLERGY COULD MARRY THEY DID NOT HAVE TO PRACTICE CELIBACY MUTUAL LOVE BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE IDEA OR REALITIY? TRADITIONAL ROLE – WOMEN MUST BE OBEDIENT TO THEIR HUSBANDS CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE BEAR CHILDREN PART OF THE DIVINE PLAN FAMILY LIFE WAS THE ONLY DESTINY FOR PROTESTANT WOMEN THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION CALVINISM, LUTHERANISM, AND THE ANGLICAN CHURCH HURT THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ROME REVITALIZATION WAS NEEDED CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE CATHOLIC REFORMATION: 3 MAIN PILLARS 1. JESUITS – SOCIETY OF JESUS – IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA TOOK A VOW OF OBEDIENCE TO THE POPE JESUIT MISSIONARIES WERE SUCCESSFUL IN RESTORING CATHOLICISM IN PARTS OF EUROPE 2. REFORM OF THE PAPACY – FINANCIAL CORRUPTION, POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS – POPE PAUL III – STARTED THE CHANGE – REFORM COMMISSION CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE 3. COUNCIL OF TRENT – GROUP OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS – MET OFF AND ON FOR 18 YEARS – FINAL DECREE IT REAFFIRMED ALL OF THE FOLLOWING TRADITIONAL CATHOLIC TEACHINGS FAITH AND GOOD WORKS – SALVATION 7 SACARAMENTS, EUCHARIST, AND CELIBACY BELIEF IN PURGATORY AND INDULGENCES – STRONG THIS ALLOWED THEM TO HAVE A CLEAR DOCTRINE AND THEY WERE UNIFIED UNDER THE SUPREME LEADERSHIP OF THE POPE. CHAPTER 5-4 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM AND THE CATHOLIC RESPONSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SECTION 4 REVIEW QUESTIONS WHO WAS KILLED BY BEING CHOPPED UP INTO SMALL PIECES? WHAT IS PREDESTINATION? WHAT WAS THE ACT OF SUPREMACY OF 1534? HOW DID ANABAPTISTS FEEL ABOUT CHURCH AND STATE? WHO FOUNDED THE SOCIETY OF JESUS?
