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Medieval Renaissance 1. No expressions on faces 1. Faces are filled with emotion and expression 2. Stiff and unrealistic poses 2. Human poses are lifelike and realistic Medieval Artwork Renaissance Artwork Raphael: The Nymph Galatea 1512-1514 Famous works by Italian Renaissance Artists Leonardo Michelangelo Raphael Donatello Was a famous Renaissance Italian artist and sculptor. Born in Florence Italy in 1386. He brought back work with bronze which was a common material during the Roman times. It was not used during the middle ages but he brought it back. David by Donatello 1430 First free-form bronze since Roman times! Michelangelo Sculptor and Painter "In every block of marble I see a statue as plain as though it stood before me, shaped and perfect in attitude and action. I have only to hew away the rough walls that imprison the lovely apparition to reveal it to the other eyes as mine see it."— Michelangelo Michelangelo’s David. This statue is perhaps the most iconic image of the Renaissance period. Michelangelo’s statue stands 13-14 feet high (about 3 metres) It was sculpted between 1501 and 1504. Michelangelo was only twenty-six years old, when he won the commission to complete the statue from a block of marble (the giant) that had been abandoned 30 years earlier by another artist. When it was finished, David was placed in front of the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio, the town hall. In 1873 the statue was moved from the piazza, to protect it from damage, and brought to its current location in the Academia Gallery, in Florence. David is a Renaissance interpretation of a common ancient Greek theme of the standing heroic male nude. In David, the figure stands with one leg holding its full weight and the other leg relaxed. This classic pose causes the figure’s hips and shoulders to rest at opposite angles, giving a slight s-curve to the entire torso. This curve gives the figure its classical grace. Michelangelo’s David has become one of the most recognized pieces of Renaissance sculpture, becoming a symbol of both strength and youthful human beauty. Traditionally, David was portrayed after his victory, triumphant over the giant Goliath. Both Verrochio’s and Donatello’s Davids are depicted standing over Goliath's severed head. Michelangelo has depicted David before the battle. Davis is tense, but not so much in a physical as in a mental sense. The slingshot he carries over his shoulder is almost invisible, emphasizing that David's victory was one of cleverness, not sheer force. The hand that holds the stone is larger than the other, drawing the viewer’s attention to the action that is about to unfold. Michelangelo was a citizen of the city state of Firenze (Florence), and Florence was surrounded by much more powerful enemy city states. When the statue of David was placed on the square in front of the city hall, the people of Florence immediately identified with him as the cunning underdog triumphing over the big bad guy. David was positioned so that his glare was directed south, toward the rival city of Rome. Pieta means ‘Pity,’ and this is certainly the emotion that this magnificent sculpture evokes. We feel pity for Christ’s suffering, but also for his grieving mother, who holds her son’s body in an attitude of quiet acceptance. Only sculpture to be signed by him The Pieta balances the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. The statue is one of the most highly finished works by Michelangelo. The structure is pyramidal. The statue widens progressively down the drapery of Mary's dress, to the base. The figures are quite out of proportion, owing to the difficulty of depicting a fully-grown man cradled full-length in a woman's lap. By concealing much of Mary's body in her monumental drapery, Michelangelo made the relationship of the figures appear quite natural. The Sistine Chapel is located in the Vatican City in Rome, attached to St. Peter’s Basilica, the papal apartments and the vast complex of buildings that make up the Vatican museums. Michelangelo was commissioned by Pope Julius II to paint the ceiling of the chapel. He resisted, as he preferred sculpture to painting, but had to do as he was told. The works are frescoes, (painted into fresh plaster) and they cover about 4,000 square meters of ceiling. Michelangelo built scaffolding so that he could work on his back, and labored over the frescoes from 1508 to1512. (4 years) 100 stories from the Bible and 300 different faces The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling Michelangelo Buonarroti 1508 - 1512 1483-1520 Interested in archeology, he became an expert in ancient Roman art. Commissioned to decorate the state rooms in the Vatican at the same time that Michelangelo was working on the Sistine Chapel frescoes. He always carried around a sketch book in which he constantly sketched women and children. These sketches formed the basis of his many Madonnas. He used soft colours, simple circular forms, and gentle landscapes in his paintings. He is best remembered for his madonnas, his portrayals of the Virgin with the infant Jesus. Raphael’s famous fresco decorates a wall in the papal palace at the Vatican, in Rome. He depicts famous figures from various fields of knowledge, with the Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle at the centre of the composition. Plato is shown with Leonardo da Vinci’s features. Also included in the painting are Socrates (another philosopher), Alexander the Great (military genius) and Pythagoras and Euclid (mathematicians). Raphael has also paid tribute to his fellow artist, Michelangelo, by placing him in the foreground. The work is a brilliant demonstration of the technique of linear (line) perspective. The architectural space recedes infinitely through the arches of the marble hall to the open sky beyond. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11 Da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo The School of Athens – Raphael, details Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm]. Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now]. Clockwise: Plato (Leonardo), Aristotle, Raphael, Michelangelo Artist • Sculptor • Architect • Scientist • Engineer • Inventor • The term “renaissance man” is used to describe someone who has a wide variety of interests, and expertise in many fields. Leonardo da Vinci was the quintessential renaissance man. He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist. He is widely recognized as a genius of the highest level. Historians tell us that he was not only intellectually gifted, but that he was noble in appearance and manners as well. Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Study of a central church. 1488 Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Plan of the city of Imola, 1502. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook Leonardo, the Engineer: A study of siege defenses. Pages from his Notebook Studies of water-lifting devices.