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UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Monday Jan 26th: Changes from Middle Ages to Renaissance • Objective: Predict the changes that occurred during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance • Discussion: Based on yesterday’s notes, define what characteristics a modern day “Renaissance (Wo)man” would posses that is idolized by our culture? UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Introduction Remember, during the Middle Ages, Europeans suffered from both war and plague. Those who survived wanted to enjoy life. As a result, they questioned the Church, which had taught Christians to endure suffering to get a ‘heavenly reward.’ Educated people began to reject medieval values and look for a new way of life which embraced humanism, art, learning, and culture… UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. The Renaissance UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. The Renaissance • • • • Renaissance = “The Rebirth” Late 1300’s to early 1600’s Began in Italy Most well known for the emergence of the Humanist – Classical Learners UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Humanism • Emphasized new interest in Classical Learning – Studied Ancient Greek and Roman Writings • Focus on humans (less emphasis on the church) – Humans can determine right from wrong – Upholds reason, ethics and justice • Famous Humanists – Artist: Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, – Writer: William Shakespeare UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Comparing the Middle Ages to the Renaissance • Individually, write down observations in the space provided on your worksheet about what you see in each picture or reading about the time period and possibly what changes. – If you want to see a picture in color, ask nicely and the image can go on the board! • When you are done, turn in the worksheet to your class tray and start working on the guided reading assignment using your textbook! •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? Document 1: Middle Ages Art Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Document 2: Renaissance Art UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? Document 3: Middle Ages Architecture •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Document 4: Renaissance Architecture UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? Document 5: Middle Ages Clothing •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Document 6: Renaissance Clothing UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Document 7: Music in the Renaissance Music was an essential part of social, religious, and family life in the Renaissance. The most important music of the early Renaissance was composed for use by the church—polyphonic (made up of several simultaneous melodies) masses and motets in Latin for important churches and court chapels. By the end of the sixteenth century, however, music was split among many areas: the Catholic Church, Protestant churches and courts, wealthy amateurs, and music printing—all were sources of income for composers. With the beginning of the sixteenth century, European music saw a number of momentous changes. In 1501, a Venetian printer named Ottaviano Petrucci published the first significant collection of polyphonic music, the Harmonice Musices Odhecaton A. Petrucci's success led eventually to music printing in France, Germany, England, and elsewhere. Prior to 1501, all music had to be copied by hand or learned by ear; music books were owned exclusively by religious establishments or extremely wealthy courts and households. After Petrucci, while these books were not inexpensive, it became possible for far greater numbers of people to own them and to learn to read music. Sixteenth-century humanists studied ancient Greek treatises on music that discussed the close relationship between music and poetry and how music could stir the listener's emotions. Inspired by the classical world, Renaissance composers fit words and music together in an increasingly dramatic fashion, as seen in the development of the Italian madrigal and later the operatic works of Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643). Document 8: Music in the Middle Ages Art and music were critical aspects of life of the Middle Ages. Singing without instrumental accompaniment was an essential part of church services. Monks and priests chanted the divine offices and the mass daily. Some churches had instruments such as organs and bells. The organistrum or symphony (later known as a hurdy gurdy) was also found in churches. Two people were required to play this stringed instrument--one to turn the crank and the other to play the keys. All music during the Middle Ages was created for churches and only able to be read by church goers. All ballads sung by commoners were songs written for the church and learned by the church leader. Churches were the only place you would find printed music since the church was the only one who could afford music books. Medieval drama grew out of the church music, beginning in about the eleventh century. Some of the topics were from the Old Testament (Noah and the flood, Jonah and the whale, Daniel in the lion's den) and others were stories about the birth and death of Christ. These dramas were performed with costumes and musical instruments and at first took place directly outside the church. UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Document 9: Middle Ages Land Ownership Document 10: Renaissance Land Ownership UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr. Document 11: Middle Ages- Role of Women It should come as no surprise that women, whether they were nobles or peasants, held a difficult position in society. They were largely confined to household tasks such as cooking, baking bread, sewing, weaving, and spinning. However, they also hunted for food and fought in battles, learning to use weapons to defend their homes and castles. Some medieval women held other occupations. There were women blacksmiths, merchants, and apothecaries. Others were midwives, worked in the fields, or were engaged in creative endeavors such as writing, playing musical instruments, dancing, and painting. Some women were known as witches, capable of sorcery and healing. Others became nuns and devoted their lives to God and spiritual matters. Famous women of the Middle Ages include the writer Christine de Pisan; the abbess and musician Hildegard of Bingen; and the patron of the arts Eleanor of Aquitaine. A French peasant's daughter, Joan of Arc, or St. Joan, heard voices telling her to protect France against the English invasion. She dressed in armor and led her troops to victory in the early fifteenth century. "The Maid of Orleans" as she was known, was later burned as a witch. Document 12: Renaissance- Role of Women During the early years of the Renaissance, women in western society were viewed very much as they had been for hundreds of years; as inferior beings, possessions or property to be cared for and distributed among brothers, fathers, and sons. The Catholic Church implemented strict regulations to keep women "in their place", submissive, modest, and focused on household matters. But as the view of society began to change, the role of women within society evolved as well. Women began to be more outspoken, even more accepted as intellectuals, artists, and thinkers. Although it would be a great many more years before women would begin to be viewed as equals, these women were taking the first steps towards independence and enlightenment. Perhaps the most notable woman of the Renaissance was Christine de Pisan, author of fifteen books, including histories, essays, and a treatise on weaponry. Her most famous work, Book of the City of Ladies, makes defiant arguments refuting the idea that women are inferior, citing examples of many powerful and influential women. Outspoken, independent, and highly educated, Christine de Pisan had a subtle but powerful influence in Western Europe, which helped pave the way for independent women to come. UNIT 4: WHAT IS CHANGE ? •If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. ◘Maya Angelou Document 13: Middle Ages Art Document 14: Renaissance Art Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. ◙Martin Luther King, Jr.