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Ninja Turtles = Renaissance Artists
The Renaissance
Essential Questions:
What are the characteristics of the Renaissance?
What changes were brought to Europe during the Renaissance?
What is the Renaissance?
This was an era of “rebirth” of the art,
architecture, thought, and culture of ancient
Greece and Rome from 1350 – 1550.
In contrast to the Middle Ages, the Renaissance
was an era when scientific, artistic, and
intellectual thought expanded.
The Renaissance in Europe began in Italy and
then spread to the rest of Europe.
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Characteristics of the Renaissance
Recovery from disasters
allowed Italian thinkers to
become interested in their
Roman past and the
ancient Mediterranean
world.
The Renaissance resulted
in a change in the way
people thought…
Characteristics of the Renaissance
What am I thinking about?
Well, I’m not worrying
about the afterlife.
1. Secular viewpoints were
promoted (concerned
with the here and now –
not with heaven or hell)
Characteristics of the Renaissance
2. New views of humans emerged –
emphasis on individual ability and
human potential
humanism = study of the classics:
literary works of ancient Greece
and Rome
Humanism
Humanism – subjects
to be studied:
Grammar
Rhetoric
Poetry
moral philosophy
History
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This affected
education in Italy as
well as the rest of
Europe
What about today?
Today we refer to the
study of literature,
philosophy and art as
the humanities.
Characteristics of the Renaissance
3.
Artistic rebirth –
wealthy merchants and
families became patrons
of the arts
• What does that mean?
Be a patron of the arts!
Wealthy families and merchants provided
funding for artists to complete
beautification projects, murals, sculptures,
portraits, etc.
The money and encouragement of patrons
together with that of the church, made the
masterpieces of Renaissance art possible.
Be a patron of the arts!
… because it makes you
look good!!
Why did it begin in Italy?
Italy didn’t develop a centralized
monarchy
Instead, it had several city-states
Milan, Florence, and Venice were
3 of the wealthiest and most
powerful
Italian cities and merchants were
wealthy = could afford to support
the arts and this “rebirth”
Why were the city-states so wealthy?
Trade!
With the east!
Along the Mediterranean!
Along the Atlantic Ocean!
Trade routes established
during the Crusades made
Italian states prosperous
Lots of famous artwork was
created during the Renaissance…
Renaissance Artists
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Italian inventor, painter, sculptor, architect, engineer,
and scientist
Considered a true “Renaissance Man”!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UVfIN2NM4E&lis
t=PLuR75fCOsUQeOosGe9qtff5noJxQUrN_S
Renaissance: Innovation
New styles of art weren’t the only
thing being created during the
Renaissance.
In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg
invented the first moveable type
printing press in Europe
What do you think was the first
book printed?
Gutenberg’s Bible, printed about
1455, was the first European book
produced from moveable type
Printing
His contemporaries
called it "the art of
multiplying books."
The process soon spread
to other German cities
in the 1450s, to Italy in
the 1460s, and then to
France and the rest of
Europe.
Before the printing press, how were books
copied?
By hand! And most books were written in
Latin.
Books were expensive!
Education was rare for most people!
Printing Press
How could a printing press impact society?
Books more common and less expensive
Public’s desire for knowledge increased
Literacy improved
Encouraged scholarly research
Demand was created for books written in various
languages (native languages = vernacular)
Prompted communication and learning
What was society like during
the Renaissance?
Not everybody got to be rich and /or
famous!
Peasants still made up 85-90% of the
population
What about women?
Don’t worry about history, science,
or philosophy. Your role in society
does not require such things.
What about the females?
Religion and morals were
considered the most
important things to learn
= So they can become
good wives and mothers
Horrible Histories
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bP0WWUyUCAQ
Warm-up: Monday: Write and answer!
Vocab. review:
1.
Salvation
a. release from punishment
2. Predestination
b. divided the western Church into Catholic
and Protestant groups
3. Protestant Reformation
c. being saved
4. Indulgence
d. destiny is already determined
Warm-up: Monday
Match each person with their description:
1. Martin Luther
a. painter, sculptor, inventor
2. Henry VIII
b. started Protestant Reformation
3. Johannes Gutenburg
c. Invented the printing press
4. Leonardo da Vinci
d. King with six wives
Warm-up: Monday
Answer these questions!
1.
What does the word Renaissance mean?
2. Where did the Renaissance begin?
3. Give one characteristic of the Renaissance.
4. List one subject studied by “humanists”.
5. What did Johannes Gutenberg invent in
1450?
Ch.12: The Reformation
Essential Question:
How did the Christian Church change during the
Renaissance?
What is the Reformation?
Root Word: Reform
To change for the better
The Protestant Reformation is the name
given to the religious reform movement
that divided the western Church into
Catholic and Protestant groups in the early
16th century.
Some background…
People wanted to assure their salvation
(acceptance into Heaven)
How did they believe this could happen?
Collect relics!
Gain an indulgence! (release from all or part of the
punishment for sin)
Sale of Indulgences
Indulgences sold by the
church!
“As soon as the coffer
rings, the soul from
purgatory springs!”
(coffer = money box)
Why were people calling for
reform of the Catholic Church?
Corruption was one reason:
Selling of church offices
Church officials concerned w/ money, failing to meet
their responsibilities
And of course, the selling of indulgences
Martin Luther
He was upset by the selling
of indulgences, so he sent a
list known as the Ninety-Five
Theses to church superiors.
Luther proclaimed the
Roman Catholic Church
was corrupt & should be
reformed
Who was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther was a German
monk and university
professor who lectured on
the Bible
He believed people could
only receive salvation
through their faith in God
Martin Luther
The Theses were
printed and spread
to all parts of
Germany
A Break with the Church
How do you think the Catholic Church responded to
Luther’s call for change?
They excommunicated him in 1521! (kicked out of
the church)
Martin Luther was made an outlaw – but he gained
support of some German rulers.
These protesting princes came to be known as
Protestants
Protestant Reformation
Eventually the term Protestant was applied
to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic
churches. The effort that began to reform
the church was called the Protestant
Reformation.
Can you name any Protestant churches?
Protestantism Spreads
The initial changes occurred in Germany…
Protestant ideals spread across Europe ,
leading to the rise of various Protestants
sects such as Calvinist, Presbyterian,
Anglican, & Anabaptists
Calvinism
John Calvin was a Protestant
He believed in “predestination”:
Pre =
Destiny =
Predestination - God determined in
advance who will be saved and who
will be damned
Pilgrims that went to America
followed ideals of Calvinism
Reformation in England
The English Reformation was rooted in
politics
King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his
first wife. Why?
She didn’t produce a son.
The pope wouldn’t annul his marriage,
so what does King Henry VIII do?
He broke away from the Catholic
Church and formed the Church of
England
http://www.youtube.com/watch?list=RDfadCAHjN-s&v=PCmogoGpnxg
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/sixwives/meet/ind
ex.html
Reformation in England
King Henry VIII dies, his 9-year
old son takes over, then dies, so
his daughter Mary takes the
throne
She was Catholic and didn’t
like the direction the Church of
England was going, so she had
more than 300 Protestants
burned as “heretics”.
Anybody know her nickname??
Catholic Reformation
The Roman Catholic Church
responded with its own action
called the Catholic
Reformation-the church sought
to retain its followers, reaffirm
Catholic teachings, & improve
the discipline & administration
of church doctrines.
Catholic Response
The church revived the Inquisition, a court
established in the 13th century to try cases
of heresy, in an attempt to limit the spread
of Protestantism by destroying the
opposition.
Effects of the Reformation
By 1560, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, France,
the Netherlands, Swiss Confederation,
Italian States, & Papal States remained
mostly Catholic.
England, Scotland, Denmark, & the
northern German States became mostly
Protestant.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5jKehF2Dhk
Crash course:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE
Warm-up: Thursday
What things had to be invented
before the printing press?
Warm-up: Monday
Match each person with their description:
1. Martin Luther
a. painter, sculptor, inventor
2. Henry VIII
b. started Protestant Reformation
3. Johannes Gutenburg
c. Invented the printing press
4. Leonardo da Vinci
d. King with six wives
EXIT
How could the invention of the printing
press in the 1440s eventually lead to the
settlement by Puritans in the U.S.?
Put the events in the order in which they
occurred!
_____ Martin Luther attacks the church using printed
material.
_____ King Henry VIII attacks the authority of the Pope when
the Pope denies his annulment request.
_____The printing press is invented.
_____Many Puritans, who were Calvinists, protested the
Anglican Church in England.
_____By the late 16th and 17th centuries many Puritans left for
the “new world”. They wanted to find a place to practice their
religion without interference.
_____ King Henry VIII breaks away from Rome and declares
himself leader of the new Anglican Church.
Imagine you are a devout Catholic in Germany in the early 16th
century (1500s). You have been loyal to the Catholic Church all
your life, but lately you have been troubled by some of the
practices of your Church, practices you feel are not in keeping
with the true spirit of the Christian religion. You are not the only
one to be troubled by these practices. A movement has been
growing in which people—loyal clergymen as well as educated
people, like yourself—are publicly criticizing the Church for its
corruption and abuses of power and privilege. You begin to
wonder: How can the Church be reformed? And, if it can’t, how
will this affect the political stability and religious unity of Western
Europe? Little do you know that the Protestant Reformation, led
by a German monk named Martin Luther, is just around the
corner.
Why were people dissatisfied with the Catholic Church in the early 1500s?
Why was Martin Luther the central figure in the Protestant Reformation?
What were Luther’s criticisms of the Church?
How did Luther’s ideas spread?
Why did Luther want the Bible to be translated from Latin into German and other national
languages?
How did the Church respond to Luther’s 95 Theses?
What were the roles of John Calvin, John Knox, and Henry VIII in the Reformation?
How was Europe affected by the events following Luther’s excommunication? (How did the map of
Europe change as a result of the early stages of the Reformation?)
Briefly predict what the Catholic Church will do in response to the initial events of the Reformation.
Liberal Arts: history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar,
poetry, math, astronomy, music
Purpose to study: produce individuals who follow a path of
virtue and wisdom
Greek ideal: sound mind, sound body
Stressed physical education
Activities such as javelin hurling, tennis, archery, fencing,
boxing, falconry, hunting
Model for the basic education for the ruling classes until the
2oth century
Family and Marriage
Father had authority over
children – absolute control
until they were freed
= families were patriarchal
Marriage was more of a
business arrangement than for
love
Dowry = gift of money or
property paid at the time of
marriage
Government:Niccolo Machiavelli
Pronounced Mac-ee-ah-vel-ee
He was a writer of philosophy, poetry, plays and
music.
His most famous work is known as The Prince
A lot of his philosophy was about being a good leader.
He believed that a good leader sometimes has to get
tough with people, and make very strict rules.
In his view, being tough was the only way to make
sure people behaved themselves.