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The Digestive System 2012 What happens to food after it enters your mouth? 1. ingestion- act of eating, or putting food into your mouth 2. digestion-mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles & molecules that your body can absorb and use. 3.absorption-cells take in small molecules of digested food 4. elimination-undigested food & wastes are eliminated Types of digestion Mechanical- food is physically broken down (chew, grind, or mash food) Chemical – breakdown food into small molecules with enzymes (proteins) The Food Journey Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Mouth Mechanical digestion begins in your mouth with chewing. Your salivary glands produce saliva (about 1 liter a day!) They contain enzymes that help breakdown food. Esophagus Muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Food moves through the esophagus by muscle contractions called peristalsis It is like the squeezing of a tube of toothpaste ewwwwwwwwww! Stomach Large hollow organ It stores food Aids in chemical digestion Contains acidic fluid called gastric juice, this acid helps breakdown your food further Another chemical in your stomach is pepsin – an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids Small intestine Long tube connected to the stomach Site of chemical digestion and nutrients absorption Inside of small intestine is lined with fingerlike projections called villi (plural) villus (singular) Each villus contains small blood vessels through which nutrients diffuse into blood stream Large intestine Water is absorbed here Materials that pass through the large intestine are waste products Same motion as in your esophagus (peristalsis) forces the semi-solid waste into the last section of large intestine Rectum and anus- muscles here control the release of this waste called feces