Download Large intestine - Animal Nutrition

Nutrition in
Humans
Objective
• describe the functions of main regions of
the alimentary canal and the associated
organs, namely mouth, oesophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
liver, pancreas, gall bladder.
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Nutrition
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Nutrition
• What is nutrition?
• Nutrition is process of taking in food and
converting it to living matter
• Nutrition consist of the following process:
»Feeding or ingestion
»Digestion
»Absorption
»Assimilation
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What is feeding or ingestion?
• Feeding:
• Food is taken into the body
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What is digestion?
• Digestion:
• Large food molecules are broken down
into smaller soluble molecules that can be
absorbed into body cells
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The mammalian digestive system
• Parts of digestive system
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver (A)
Gall bladder (B)
Pancreas (C)
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Breaking food down
• Your body breaks down food two ways:
– Mechanical Digestion – Involves the
tearing, crushing and mashing of food.
– Example: When you take a bite and chew it with your
teeth or when your muscles of the stomach contract and
relax.
– Chemical Digestion – When chemicals
called enzymes help break down food
into nutrients.
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Mouth
Oesophagus
Path of food (MOUTH)
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Large
Intestine
• Food enters body through mouth, which leads
to buccal cavity.
• Teeth: Breaks down large pieces of food into
smaller pieces.
Rectum/Anus
• Salivary glands: secrete saliva into mouth
• Tongue: helps mix food with saliva.
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Mouth
Oesophagus
Path of food (Oesophagus)
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Large
Intestine
• The oesophagus is a muscular tube
in the chest that connects the mouth
and throat to the stomach.
Rectum/Anus
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Mouth
Oesophagus
Path of food (Stomach)
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Large
Intestine
• At stomach, food is churned and mixed
with digestive juices (enzymes and acid)
that breakdown food molecules, causing
the mixture to becomes a thick liquid, with
the consistency of a milkshake (chyme).
Rectum/Anus
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Mouth
Oesophagus
Path of food (Small intestine)
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Large
Intestine
Rectum/Anus
• Digestion
of
fats,
proteins
and
carbohydrates contained in the foods you
consume, is completed within the small
intestine.
• The resulting nutrients produced are
absorbed through the lining of the small
intestine
and
transferred
to
the
bloodstream.
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Mouth
Oesophagus
Path of food (Large intestine)
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Large
Intestine
Rectum/Anus
The large intestine performs the following
functions:
• reabsorbs water and maintains the fluid
balance of the body
• absorbs certain vitamins
• stores waste before it is eliminated.
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Organs associated with
alimentary canal (Liver)
• Liver performs many functions
– Liver cells secrete bile
– Bile is an alkaline greenish-yellow liquid
containing bile salts and bile pigment
– Bile salts speed up digestion of fats
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Organs associated with
alimentary canal (gall bladder)
• Bile is stored in the gall bladder.
• Gall bladder is a greenish-yellow bag attached
to the liver.
• When gall bladder contracts, bile flows into small
intestine via bile duct
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Organs associated with
alimentary canal (pancreas)
• Pancreas produced pancreatic juices which
contains digestive enzymes.
• Pancreas also secretes the hormone insulin and
glucagon. Both hormones play an important role
in controlling glucose concentration in blood.
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Summary
• describe the functions of main regions of
the alimentary canal and the associated
organs, namely mouth, oesophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
liver, pancreas, gall bladder.
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