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Unit IV: Nutrition
What do humans need from the environment?
The foods we eat and how we
process it.
A. Nutrition
1. The life activity involved in obtaining _____________.
a. __________ = taking in of nutrients
b. __________ = breaking down of nutrients
c. __________ = elimination of unused foods
2. Nutrients
- environmental _________ necessary
for life
- used for ________
- used to create _____ and body parts
a. Macronutrients
Macronutrients are nutrients
that the body needs in _________
quantities
1. ________________
- Examples: ________________
candy, cookies, pasta, bread,
potatoes, oats
- Source of __________ for the body
- Specific Carbs: Glucose, Sucrose,
Maltose, Lactose, Glycogen, Cellulose
2. _______________
Examples: Meat, fish, eggs,
beans
Building blocks for components
of the __________________
Muscle, hair, nails, skin,
enzymes
Proteins are made
of ______________
Essential Amino Acids:
Isoleucine, Leucine,
lysine, Methionine,
Phenylalanine,
Threonine, Tryptophan
and Valine.
3. Lipids
Examples: _______, Oils, and Waxes
Used for:
Insulation
Protection
Cell membranes,
_____________
Two Types of Fats:
1. Saturated Fats
filled with hydrogen atoms, solid
at room temperature generally
they are ________________
2. Unsaturated
Monounsaturated
Polyunstaturated
_______________
b. Micronutrients
•Vitamins
◦A – _____________________________________
◦B – ______________________________
◦C – ________________________
◦D – _______________
◦E – ___________________________________
◦K – ____________
•Minerals
◦Calcium – ___________________
◦Folic Acid – ________________
◦Iron – _________________
◦Magnesium – ________________
◦Phosphorus – _____________
◦Potassium – ____________________________
◦Zinc – ________________
3. Heterotrophic Nutrition
a. Organisms need to obtain preformed organic molecule
______________________
eat the products from another organism
b. Types of Heterotrophs
Herbivore – ___________
Carnivore – ___________
Omnivore – ____________________
Detritivore – ____________________
B. Human Nutrition
1. Nutritional Requirements
Depends upon:
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Eat a variety of foods
Calories = amount of energy in food
Pay attention to what you eat
Nutritional Needs
Nutrient
Manganese
2 mg
Calories
2000
Chromium
120 micrograms
Carbohydrates
300 g
Molybdenum
75 micrograms
Fiber
25 g
Chloride
3400 mg
Proteins
50 g
Vitamin A
5000 IU
Fats (no more than
30%)
65 g
Vitamin B 6
2 mg
Vitamin B 12
6 micrograms
Saturated Fat
20 g
Vitamin C
60 mg
Cholesterol
300 mg
Vitamin D
400 IU
Sodium
2400 mg
Vitamin E
30 IU
Potassium
3500 mg
Vitamin K
80 micrograms
Calcium
1000 mg
Thiamin
1.5 mg
Iron
18 mg
Riboflavin
1.7 mg
Iodine
150 micrograms
Niacin
20 mg
Phosphorus
1000 mg
Folic Acid
400 micrograms
Magnesium
400 mg
Biotin
300 micrograms
Zinc
15 mg
Pantothenic Acid
10 mg
Selenium
70 micrograms
Copper
2 mg
2. Human Digestive System
a. also known as: alimentary canal,
Gastrointestinal tract (GI)
b. ________________________
the inside of your digestive system is exposed to the
outside environment
c.________________ –
happens outside of cells
d. 3 Processes
Ingestion
Digestion
Egestion
d. Organs of the Human Digestive System
1. ____________
__________
____________________
Make into smaller pieces – this increases the
surface area of the food
_______ – salivary glands, moistens food so it can slide
down
___________________
Change the molecules that make up the food
Done by enzymes  Amylase = enzyme
Starch  Glucose
2. Pharynx
back of the ________, where the
“wind pipe” and “food pipe” come
together
___________ – small flap of
muscle that directs food down the
esophagus
3. _____________
muscular tube that connects the
mouth to the stomach
____________ – muscular
contractions that push food down
the digestive system
Peristalsis Video
4. ____________
Strong muscular storage sac
___________________ – Stomach muscles crush and
churn food
___________________
_____________ = Pepsin (enzyme) + Hydrochloric Acid
Digests proteins into amino acids
5. ____________
Makes digestive _________ for
small intestine
6. _________
Makes ________ (waste)
emulsifies fats
Gall Bladder – “bag” under the
liver that holds bile
Food does not enter the
pancreas nor the liver
Liver and pancreas are called
_____________________
7. __________________
Long convoluted tube
________________________________
Enzymes from pancreas - Amylase, Protease, Lipase
Mechanically digests Lipids - uses bile from liver to
emulsify fats
____________ of nutrients
villi and microvilli – small projections of the small
intestine wall
______________________ – absorbs more materials
8. _________________
also known as the Colon
Shorter than the small intestine
Many beneficial ___________ live in the large intestine
Reabsorbs __________ , some vitamins and minerals
Undigested food = feces - Egested through anus defecation
3. Diseases / Disorders of the Human Digestive System
Scurvy – Johnny
Stomach Cancer - Johanna
Ulcers - Alan
Acid reflux - Elard
Appendicitis
Diarrhea & Constipation - Kesha
Pellagra
Anorexia Nervosa & Bulimia - Jocelyn
Kwashiorkor
Dysentery
Crohn Disease
Colitis
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Diverticulitis - Megan
E. coli – Food poisoning - Ashley