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Jump Start • I am out today for a conference • You will complete the Reptile and Ave (Bird) Notes • Work on Phyla Book through page 30 • Big Vertebrate quiz on Thursday Reptiles Class Reptilia Characteristics • Integumentary – Dry, scaly skin - sheds w/ growth, claws • Skeletal/ Muscular – Endoskeleton; Larger limbs that can carry more body weight, some legless species Characteristics • Circulation – 3 to 4 chambered heart; closed-double loop circulation • Reproductive – Internal fertilization, oviparous, some are ovoviviparous, amniotic eggs Characteristics • Nervous – Larger cerebrum/cerebellum than amphibians, well developed sensory organs, chemical & some heat sensation • Respiratory – Spongy lungs with large surface area, muscles to expand/contract chest cavity Characteristics • Digestive – Herbivores & carnivores; many have long digestive systems --> help break down food • Excretion – Kidneys; urine contains ammonia (aquatic) or uric acid (terrestrial) Characteristics • Body Temperature – Ectothermic • Habitat – Live everywhere except in extreme cold, terrestrial Evolution • The first vertebrate to reproduce on dry land. Groups of Reptiles • Lizards & Snakes – some produce venom Groups of Reptiles • Crocodilians – long, broad snout; carnivores Groups of Reptiles • Turtles & Tortoises – turtle (aquatic) & tortoises (terrestrial); shell built into skeleton Groups of Reptiles • Tuatara – resemble lizards; no external ears & have primitive scales Jump Start • Check your grades – got ?s see me before or after school • On a piece of paper, write the terms that correspond to the following: – The supporting rod that runs through the body – The body temperature is determined by the environment – First vertebrate to reproduce on land – Four characteristics of chordates BIRDS Class Aves Characteristics • Integumentary – Feathers, bipedal (two legs covered in scales), syrinx (song box) • Skeletal – Endoskeleton; hollow bones; most can fly, large muscles for flight Characteristics • Circulatory – 4 chambered heart, 2 separate loops, complete separation of oxygen rich and Domestic pigeon oxygen poor blood Right atrium • Reproductive Heart Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Complete – Internal fertilization, oviparous, amniotic division eggs with hard outer shells P2 = slate • What are two differences between an amphibian and bird heart? Characteristics • Nervous – Brain, adapted to quickly interpret signals, keen sight, good hearing, poor smell and taste • Respiratory – Lungs & posterior air sacs for gas exchange, air flows in a single direction, helps maintain metabolic rate Characteristics • Digestive When a bird eats, food moves down the esophagus and is stored in the crop. Brain – Beaks that are adapted to type of food they eat, no teeth, crop, stomach, and gizzard Esophagus Lung Heart Kidney Crop Air sac Liver • Excretory Moistened food passes to the stomach, a two-part chamber. The first chamber secretes acid and enzymes. The partially digested food moves to the second chamber, the gizzard. First chamber of stomach Pancreas – Uric acid deposited in cloaca where Undigested food is water is absorbed excreted through the Large intestine Gizzard Small intestine Cloaca cloaca. The muscular walls of the gizzard squeeze the contents, while small stones grind the food. As digestion continues, the food moves through the intestines. P2 = slate • List in order the digestive organs that food travels through in a bird. Characteristics • Body Temperature – Endothermic • Habitat – Land, migrate Evolution • Evolved from extinct reptiles Groups of Birds 1. Pelican & Relatives 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Birds of Prey Parrots Cavity-nesting birds Perching birds Herons & Relatives Ostriches & Relatives