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Animal kingdom Chordate Phylum Subphylum Vertebrata Jawless Fish Cartilaginous Fish Bony Fish Reptiles Birds Amphibians Mammals Class Aves Birds Biology 1 Power of Flight “ birds occupy a greater range of habitats than any other class of organism, plant or animal” The Power of Flight • Birds-- “The most successful terrestrial vertebrates on earth” Birds AKA-The Great Flying Machines Adaptations for Flying • Skeletal system (hollow bones, thin skull) • Integument -- Feathers • Respiratory System -- Air sacs “supercharged” lungs • Excretory System -- no urinary bladder • Reproduction -- no live young • Digestive System -- gizzard eliminates the need for jaws Skeletal System • Hollow bones-light but strong! • Thin skull Skeletal System Feathers • Contour feathers -used for flight – “networked design” • Down feathers--used for warmth Respiratory Systems • Air sacs provide air movement through lungs Air Sacs Circulatory System • 4 Chambered Heart • Large heart size compared to body size (40 to 100% larger than mammals the same size) • Rapid heartbeat-- hummingbirds = 1000 beats/ minute Hummingbirds • 15-80 wing flaps in 1 second • Courtship wind flaps go up to 200/ second (depending on species) • 2,500-12,000 times per minute 4 Chambered Heart Bird Blood Circulation Digestive System • Gizzard removes the need for jaw bones • Rapid digestive system for extremely high energy needs Reproductive System • No live young • Do not store eggs Excretory System • No urinary bladder Adaptations for Flying Summary • • • • • • • Skeletal system (hollow bones, thin skull) Integument -- Feathers Respiratory System -- Air sacs “supercharged” lungs Excretory System -- no urinary bladder Reproduction -- no live young Digestive System -- gizzard eliminates the need for jaws Circulatory system – large heart, rapid beat.. Classification • Only members of the bird class have feathers Common Birds of Sioux Falls 7th grade biology American Robin European Starling Mallard Duck Canada Goose Black-capped Chickadee House Sparrow American Crow Common Grackle Crow vs. Grackle Song Sparrow Downy Woodpecker Blue-Winged Teal Northern Shoveler Blue-winged teal Northern Shoveler Wood Duck Northern Flicker Great Blue Heron Blue Jay Cardinal Bonus: Yellow-rumped Warbler Common Birds of Sioux Falls 7th grade biology
