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WARM UP 4/24
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What organ stores bile?
What does bile break down?
What organ produces many digestive juices to help
the small intestine?
What is the main function of the large intestine?
What does the rectum do?
What is defecation?
What are the 6 parts of the large intestine?
Digestive System
Problems and Diseases
Notes Ch 21
4/24
PROBLEMS
CIRRHOSIS or HEPATITIS – disease of the liver
HEPATITIS – infection of the liver (virus)
HEPATITIS A – infection due food eaten that has
fecal waste in it
HEPATITIS B - infection due to body fluids (sexual
contact)
HEPATITIS B - infection due to
body fluids (sexual contact mostly)
SYMPTOMS: fever, loss of appetite, loss of
taste for cigarettes, and pain in the lower right
chest or upper right abdomen. There is often a
feeling of bloating in the abdomen, and bowel
habits may change. The urine may appear dark
or cola-coloured, and the bowel movement
may appear clay-coloured.
HEPATITIS C – contaminated blood transfusions
HEPATITIS D – drug users
HEPATITIS E - contaminated food or water
* most common in world
JAUNDICE – bile entering the body tissue
SYMPTOMS – yellow skin and sclera
WORMS – intestine parasites
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worms in stool
coughing up worms
loss of appetite
fever
shortness of breath
abdominal distention (swelling of the abdomen)
severe stomach or abdominal pain
ASCARASIS - Round worms
LIFE CYCLE
1. Eat eggs
2. Hatch in stomach
3. Move to intestines
4. Up throat and
esophagus
5. Back in Intestines
6. Live in body
tissues
HOOKWORMS – attach to intestine wall and
feed on tissues
- fecal content in soil; bare feet
- causes anemia
TAPEWORMS – attach to intestine wall and feed
on food that you eat
- decrease nutrients to body; lose weight
- from undercooked pork, beef, fish
PINWORMS –
•How is pinworm spread?
•Pinworms live as parasites in the intestine.
•At night, adult female pinworms migrate from the
large intestine to the anal area, where they lay their
eggs.
•From the anus, pinworm eggs may be transferred to
other surfaces:
•Underclothes
•Pajamas
•Bedding
•Towels
•Toilets
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DIARRHEA – watery stools
- food wastes are rushed through the large
intestine before it has time to absorb water
- usually caused by bacteria
PROBLEM – causes dehydration
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CONSTIPATION – feces hard to eliminate
- food wastes remains too long in the body,
stools hard
Caused by lack of fiber or “holding it”
Ulcers
Peptic ulcer - sore in the stomach lining
Gallstones
Bile is too concentrated and forms crystals
COLON CANCER
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Cancer in the colon
- 57,000 die each year from this
- mostly over 50 yrs old
- causes: too much fats in diet, genetics
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
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Persistent diarrhea and constipation problems
DIABETES
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Body does not produce enough insulin
(pancreas)
- need to eat low sugar diet
LACTOSE INTOLERANT
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Lack of having enzyme lactase that breaks down milk
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cramps, gas, bloating, dismfort, and diarrhea after
eating milk products
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15% white
80-90% of African- american and Asians get this
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** Humans only species that drink another animals milk
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
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Self- induced starvation - vomiting after a meal
- low heart rate, dry skin, loss of bone mass,
cavities, acid reflux, ulcers 10-15% die
BULEMIA
• Binge eating and then getting rid of food after
- throw up or laxatives