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Don’t be your own enemy
“If there is no enemy within, the
enemy outside can do us no harm.”
-Les Brown
DISEASES OF THE
STOMACH
Stomach Diseases: Acute Gastritis

Acute Gastritis
◦
◦
Commonly seen in dogs

Spoiled food

Change in diet

Food allergy

Infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic)

Toxins (chemicals, plants, drugs, organ failure)

Foreign objects
Signs

Anorexia

Vomiting (maybe dehydration)

Painful abdomen

Hx of diet change, toxin ingestion, infection, parasites
Acute Gastritis


Dx
◦
Hx and PE
◦
CBC, Chem Panel to assess dehydration, metabolic imbalance, organ failure
Rx
◦
◦
NPO until vomiting stops

4-6 sips of water q1h

Fluid therapy (SQ or IV)
Gradually start feeding

◦
◦
Bland food (Hill’s I/D, boiled chicken/rice)
Antiemetics

Maropitant (Cerenia)

Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Coating agents

Sucralfate
◦
H2-blockers (famotidine, ranitidine, cimetidine)
◦
Antibiotics—often prescribed, rarely needed
Acute Gastritis

Client info

Avoid abrupt changes in diet
 Gradually
mix new food in with old (1 wk)

If pet vomit 2-3 times, NPO x 24 h; if it continues
see vet

Dogs and cats do not need variety
Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(Chronic gastritis, Enteritis, Colitis)

A decreased tolerance to the diet or to the normal flora
results in accumulation of inflammatory cells in lining
of stomach, Small Intestine, or Large Intestine

Clinical Signs

Chronic vomiting, wt loss

Diarrhea, straining to defecate, mucus in stool
Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(Chronic gastritis, Enteritis, Colitis)

Diagnosis

Fecal to r/o parasites

CBC, Chemistry panel, urinalysis to r/o metabolic
disorder

FeLV, FIV to r/o those diseases

Endoscopy of stomach, SI, and colon, and biopsy for
definitive diagnosis
Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(Chronic Gastritis, Enteritis, Colitis)

Treatment

Azathioprine—immunosupressant

Cyclophosphamide—inhibits immune system response

Sulfasalazine—a sulfa drug with anti-inflammatory/antibacterial
effects

Most effective against colitis

Metronidazole

Prednisone

Hypoallergenic diet

Free from preservative, additives

Highly digestible protein (rabbit, lamb, duck, chicken)

Homemade diets with rice base

Some commercial diets are available
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
 Client
info
 Definitive
 Life-long
diagnosis is through biopsy
condition
 Immunosuppressive
drugs have side-effects
(PU/PD/PP, wt gain, skin/urinary infections)
 Use
lowest dose that provides effect
Stomach Diseases:Gastric Ulceration
Usually a result of long-term NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen,
phenylbutazone)

Signs

Vary from asymptomatic to vomiting
blood

Anemia, edema

Melena

Anorexia

Abdominal pain

Septicemia if perforation occurs
Gastric Ulceration

Dx

X-ray using contrast medium (Barium) to show
ulceration in stomach lining (caution if perforation is
suspected)

Endoscopy
Gastric Ulceration


Rx
◦
Fluid therapy for dehydration
◦
NPO (as before)
◦
Coating agents/antacids
◦
Cimetidine—H2 antagonist (↓ HCl production)
◦
Omeprazole—↓ HCl production (proton-pump inhibitor)
Client info
◦
Do not use NSAIDs without veterinary supervision
◦
Give NSAIDs with meal/antacids
Stomach Diseases: Gastric
Dilatation/Volvulus

Primarily a disease of large, deep-chested dogs (2-10 yrs)
Dilation—gas filled; Volvulus—twisted along longitudinal axis


Cause: Food/exercise? Etiology unclear
Signs
◦
Abdominal pain/distension
◦
Weakness, collapse, depression, nausea, salivation
◦
Increased HR, RR – may lead to arrhythmias
Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus
Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus
Stomach Diseases: GDV

Diagnosis
◦
PE shows depressed, weak animal with dpoor
perfusion (↑CRT)
◦
X-rays show air filled stomach- “double-bubble”
◦
ECG may show vent arrhythmia or sinus
tachycardia
◦
CBC and Chem panel necessary to assess
electrolyte levels and pH imbalances
Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus

Treatment
◦
Goals

Decompress stomach
◦
◦

◦
◦
Pass stomach tube
18 gauge needle
Stabilize patient (fluids, electrolytes, ECG)
Rx for shock

IV fluids

Corticosteroids
◦
Antibiotics

Prepare for Sx
Surgery ASAP
Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus
Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus
 Post-Op
 ECG
 Blood
 Pain
pressure
management
 Monitor
urine output
 Antibiotics
 Maintain
fluids (oral, IV)
Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus

Client info
 Avoid
large meals
 Limit
exercise after meals
 Feed
high-quality protein diet
 Tack-down
procedure not 100% preventative
Gastric Neoplasia
Most common malignant neoplasia in dogs is adenocarcinoma; in cats
lymphoma


Signs

Wt loss

Vomiting w/ or w/o blood

Obstruction

Usually seen in older animals
Dx

Endoscopy and biopsy for diagnosis

X-ray with Barium contrast
Gastric Neoplasia

Treatment

Surgery is treatment of choice
 Many

tumors are too far advanced (inoperable)

Chemotherapy

Radiation less successful for gastric tumors
Client info

Prognosis is poor; gastric neoplasia is a fatal disease

Supportive care, control of vomiting, good nutrition
are needed for these animals