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Download Essential Nutrients
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Essential Nutrients Six Essential Nutrients 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Fats 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water Carbohydrates • What are they? –The basic building block of every carbohydrate is a sugar molecule, made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. –4 calories per gram Function: source of energy 3 Types of Carbohydrates Simple Carbohydrates – Simple carbohydrates are made up of one or two sugar molecules linked together – 4 calories per gram – Examples: glucose, fructose, and natural fruit sugar 3 Types of Carbohydrates • Complex Carbohydrates – are chains of three or more single sugar molecules – Takes a longer time for your body to break them down – Stay full longer – Includes fiber – Examples • Whole grain products 3 Types of Carbohydrates • Fiber 3 Types of Carbohydrates • Fiber – A tough complex carb that the body cannot digest. – Moves waste through digestive system Protein • What is it? – Chains of amino acids • Functions: builds and repairs bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood • 4 calories per gram • Example: meat Fat • What is it? – Chain of fatty acids • Function – source of energy, help maintain body temperature, and protect body tissues and organs 9 Calories per gram Healthy Fat Monounsaturated • • Monounsaturated fat tends to lower LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol). found in both plant and animal products, such as olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, and in some plant foods such as avocado. Polyunsaturated • • Polyunsaturated Fat tends to lower blood cholesterol levels. found mostly in plant sources. (safflower, sunflower, soybean, corn, cottonseed). Unhealthy Fats Saturated • • • • increase blood cholesterol levels solid at room temperature found mostly in meat and dairy products, as well as some vegetable oils, such as coconut and palm oils Butter is high in saturated fat, while margarine tends to have more unsaturated fat. Trans • • raise your bad (LDL) cholesterol levels and lower your good (HDL) cholesterol levels. Eating trans fats increases your risk of developing heart disease, stroke, and developing type 2 diabetes. Vitamins Vitamins Amount of Intake for Women Amount of Intake for Men Types of Food that contain it Vitamin A 700 mcg-3000mcg 900 mcg-3000mcg Yellow, orange , and dark green vegetables, eggs, fish Vitamin B1 Thiamin 1.1 mg 1.2 mg Vitamin B2 Riboflavin 1.1 mg 1.3 mg Wild rice, pasta, whole grains Vitamin B3 Niacin 14 mg- 35mg 16 mg- 35 mg Bread, yeast, nuts seeds, dried fruit Vitamin B6 1.3 mg- 100 mg 1.3 mg- 100 mg Cereals, brown rice, brown bread Vitamin B12 2.4 mcg 2.4 mcg Meat, poultry, fish ,eggs Folate 400 mcg-1000mcg 400 mcg-1000mcg Brussel sprouts, brocolli, yeast, fruit juices, oranges Vitamins Vitamins Amount of Intake for Women Amount of Intake for Men Types of Food that contain it Biotin 30 mcg 30 mcg Whole grain products, egg yolks, bran cereals Vitamin C 75 mg- 2000mg 90 mg- 2000 mg Fruits, vegetables Kiwi, Brussel sprouts Vitamin D 5 mcg- 50 mcg 5 mcg- 50 mcg Dairy products, fish, egg yolks Vitamin E 15 mg- 1000 mg 15 mg- 1000 mg Nuts, seeds, avocado, egg yolk , whole grains Vitamin K 90 mcg 120 mcg Broccoli, green leafy vegetables Minerals Minerals Daily Intake Amount for Women Daily Intake Amount for Men Boron 20 mg 20 mg Calcium 1000-2500 mg 1000-2500mg Chromium 25 mcg 35 mcg Copper 900 mcg- 10,000 mcg 900 mcg- 10,000 mcg Fluoride 3 mg- 10 mg 4 mg- 10 mg Iodine 150 mcg- 1000 mcg 150 mcg – 1000 mcg Iron 18 mg- 45 mg 8 mg -45 mg Minerals cont. Minerals Daily Intake Amount for Women Daily Intake Amount for Men Magnesium 310 mg- 350 mg 350 mg- 400 mg Phosphorus 700 mg- 4000 mg 700 mg- 4000mg Selenium 55 mcg- 400 mcg 55 mcg- 400 mcg Zinc 8 mg- 40 mg 11 mg- 40 mg Water Recommended Daily Intake –60 percent of your body weight in ounces –Examples • 120lbs – 120 x .6 = 72 ounces WHY DO WE NEED ALL OUR ESSENTIAL NUTRITENTS? If we don’t……. • Weak immune system • increased susceptibility to disease • impaired physical and mental development • reduced productivity