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Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Healthy Diet and Lifestyle in
HIV
Emma Lissaman
Senior Dietician
Background
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
• In the past HIV was related to weight 
• HIV is now a manageable condition
• A healthy lifestyle can promote a long, healthy life
• Important to eat healthily to avoid age
related illness
Importance of healthy
lifestyles
Unhealthy lives lead to
risk of disease:
•Cancer
•Heart disease
•Diabetes
•Osteoporosis / Brittle
bones
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Risk factors for developing
these conditions:
•Obesity
•High fat diets
•Smoking
•Excess alcohol
•Lack of physical activity
Affect of HIV medication on
lifestyle
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Medication is vital in the management of HIV
A healthy diet can help to:
•Keep cholesterol low which will  risk of heart disease
•Manage the use of sugar in the body which will
 diabetes risk
•Help  fat intake which will  heart disease and diabetes
risk
•Keep bones healthy with a good intake
of calcium and vitamin D containing foods
Benefits of good nutrition
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
•  risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, cancer and
osteoporosis
• Improved immune function
•  incidence of HIV complications and progression of disease
• Improved mental and physical health
• Helps with how well the medication works
Maintaining a healthy
weight
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
• Important to be a healthy weight to reduce disease
progression
• Have a healthy, balanced diet to  the risk of illness
•  physical activity to 30-60mins moderate
activity/day
Physical Activity
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
• To maintain a healthy weight it is recommended to do
30 minutes activity 5 days a week
• If you are trying to lose weight then it is
recommended to do 60 minutes 5 days a
week
• The activity should be at a moderate level –
anything that makes you breathless enough to talk but
not sing!
• Helps you to keep your heart healthy and weight
under control as well as releasing ‘feel good’
hormones!
• What could Bill do to keep active?
Healthy Eating
Activity: Separate the food models
in food groups
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Tips for eating well
• Base meals around starchy foods
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
•  intake of fruit and veg
• Have regular meals (also important for medication)
• Have a breakfast everyday
• Drink plenty of water
• Cut down on fat
Break
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Fats
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
• 3 Types of fat:
• Saturated
• Polyunsaturated
• Monounsaturated
• All fat is high in calories, therefore ↓ total amount of
all types if overweight.
• Cholesterol levels are linked to the type of fat eaten
• Good cholesterol helps to keep the heart healthy
• Bad cholesterol can block the blood vessels and
lead to heart disease
Saturated Fat
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
•  bad cholesterol and weight =  risk of heart disease
Found in:
• Animal products e.g.: cheese, meat, butter and cream
• Cakes, pastry and biscuits
Aim to  as much as possible < 20% total daily intake
• Try using unsaturated fats instead
Unsaturated fat
Polyunsaturated fats:
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
•  both good and bad cholesterol
•Found in sunflower, corn and groundnut oil, soya spreads
oily fish and nuts
•Good to include some in the diet
Monounsaturated fats:
•  bad cholesterol and  good cholesterol
•Found in olive oil, rapeseed oil (vegetable oil), avocado and
olive spreads
•The best type of fat to have
Fats
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Activity: Separate fat types into
groups from food packages
How to reduce fat intake
• Cooking methods e.g. grill rather than fry
• Swap full fat dairy for low fat options
• Trim excess fat and skin from meat
• Limit fast food and processed food intake
• Choose low fat snacks
• Fill up on high fibre foods
• Increase fruit and vegetable intake
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Food Labelling
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Meals on a budget
• Economy branded foods
• Special offers: ‘bogof’
• Seasonal produce
• Buy in bulk
• Reduced price items
• Frozen foods
• Bulk up meals with vegetables
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Bill’s barriers to a healthy
lifestyle
What could he change?
How can he overcome any barriers ?
Leicestershire Nutrition
& Dietetic Service
Any Questions?
If you require further assistance please ask for
a referral for a clinic appointment