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Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis –
the formation of glucose from substances,
such as lactate, pyruvate and amino acids.
Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis –
the formation of glucose from substances,
such as lactate, pyruvate and amino acids.
Insulin binds with receptors in the cell
membranes of cells, such as liver cells and
muscle cells.
Insulin binds with receptors in the cell
membranes of cells, such as liver cells and
muscle cells.
This increase in blood glucose
concentration is detected by the beta cells
in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
This increase in blood glucose
concentration is detected by the beta cells
in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
After eating, the concentration of glucose
in the blood increases.
After eating, the concentration of glucose in
the blood increases.
This increases the membrane permeability
to glucose so that more glucose enters
cells (e.g. muscle cells, but not liver cells)
This increases the membrane permeability
to glucose so that more glucose enters cells
(e.g. muscle cells, but not liver cells)
Insulin activates enzymes that catalyse
the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
Insulin activates enzymes that catalyse the
conversion of glucose to glycogen.
The result is a decrease in the
concentration of glucose in the blood.
The result is a decrease in the
concentration of glucose in the blood.
Starvation and exercise lower blood
glucose concentrations.
Starvation and exercise lower blood
glucose concentrations.
Glucagon binds with receptors in the cell
membranes of the hepatocytes in the liver.
Glucagon binds with receptors in the cell
membranes of the hepatocytes in the liver.
The alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans
in the pancreas detect a decrease in the
concentration of glucose in the blood.
The alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans
in the pancreas detect a decrease in the
concentration of glucose in the blood.
This catalyses the conversion of ATP to
cyclic AMP.
This catalyses the conversion of ATP to
cyclic AMP.
The alpha cells secrete glucagon into the
blood.
The alpha cells secrete glucagon into the
blood.
The beta cells secrete insulin into the
blood.
The beta cells secrete insulin into the
blood.
Cyclic AMP activates the enzyme which
catalyses the conversion of glycogen to
glucose.
Cyclic AMP activates the enzyme which
catalyses the conversion of glycogen to
glucose.
This leads to an increase in the
concentration of glucose in the blood.
This leads to an increase in the
concentration of glucose in the blood.
The enzyme adenylate cyclase is
activated. This converts ATP to cyclic
AMP.
The enzyme adenylate cyclase is activated.
This converts ATP to cyclic AMP.
Insulin stimulates glycogenesis
Insulin stimulates glycogenesis
Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis
Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis