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Opener
• Look at opener and answer questions as
papers are being passed out.
• Keep these (questions on tests arise from
worksheets/ etc)
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Opener 1: Please watch the
video clip and answer on regular
paper (keep it for a few)
• 1. Have you ever behaved like this in
public?
• 2. What is your gut reaction to this type of
behavior?
• 3. Sociological hypothesis- why do people
act like this?
• 4. Is “Black Thursday” the new norm for
Social Groups and
Bureaucracies
Video- Soc (Herd mentality)
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
I. Groups
• Group—at least two
people who have
one or more goals in
common and share
common ways of
thinking and
behaving
*Differs from
“Aggregate”
A Group is a group of people who
share several features including:
• They are in regular contact with each other
• They share some ways of thinking, feeling, and
behaving
• They take one another’s behavior into account
• They have one or more goals in common
Primary Groups
• People who are
emotionally close,
know one another
well and seek one
another’s company
• E.g. Family,
childhood play
groups, close
friends, neighbors
Primary Groups
• Enjoy each other’s company
• Primary Relationships---Personal, caring,
fulfilling relationships
How do Primary Groups Develop?
•
•
•
•
Small size
Face-to-Face Contact
Continuous Contact
Proper Social Environment
Functions of Primary Groups
• Emotional Support
• Socialization
• Encourage Conformity
•
646
Secondary Groups
• Impersonal
• Goal oriented
• Purpose of the group is to accomplish a task, not
to enrich friendships
• E.g. Work groups, sports teams, volunteers
• Secondary relationships—clerk & customer,
employers & workers, dentists & patients
Your Turn
Indicate Primary or Secondary
for each relationship
A. A marine recruit & his drill instructor at
boot camp ___________________________
B. A married couple __________________
C. A coach & his soccer team __________
D. A teacher & his student _____________
E. A car salesperson and her potential
customer _________________________
Group Think
Why does Group Think occur?
• Why would you say you agree with other
people in the group if you really don’t?
Group Think
• Because of the difficulty of going against
decisions made by the group, some sociologists
believe that Groupthink exists
• Happens when group members agree to conform
rather than express their true feelings or beliefs
• Can lead to ineffective or destructive
consequences- examples?
• Soc Vids 1. Zimbardo
Vid 2- Who concert
We & They
• In Groups—require extreme loyalty & its
norms encourage members to exclude
others
• Out Groups—group toward which the in
group feels opposition or competition
• EXAMPLES?
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Other Groups
• Reference Groups—group used for selfevaluation and the formation of attitudes,
values, beliefs, and norms
ex- your youth group, “honors students”,
“the gang”
• Social Network—all of a person’s social
relationships make up his or her social
network
Ex- facebook (sorta)
Primary & Secondary Groups
Assignment- DO NOW
• Create a web diagram of the primary &
secondary groups to which you belong on
the BACK of the paper give,
• Include at least
three primary &
three secondary groups
• Then explain the function of each of these
groups in your life
• Flip over and complete the back (role
strain/ conflict)
Example
• http://www.spicynodes.org/a/3fc978a71045
3eba5951dfc65e282083
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Social Cohesions and
Society….The bigger groups are
the harder things get?
• GROUP Interaction SIMULATION!
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• Arrange group members in a circle,
standing shoulder to shoulder.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• Everyone has to put their right hand up in
the air, and then grab the hand of someone
across the circle from them.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• Everyone then puts their left hand up in the
air and grabs the hand of a different
person.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• Check to make sure that everyone is
holding the hands of two different people
and that they are not holding hands with
someone directly next to them.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• members will untangle themselves to make
a circle without breaking the chain of
hands.
• If group members break the chain they
need to start over.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• How did it feel to be successful/
unsuccessful?
• What strategy did your team end up using
to complete the task?
• Who were the leaders in this activity?
• Did the team reach consensus on a plan of
action? What process did the team go
through to reach consensus?
• How do you feel your team communicated
during this activity?
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Explain and Give and Example in
your own life of…(Check packet
• 1. Role Strain if forgot)
•
•
•
•
2. Role Conflict
3. Groupthink
4. learned helplessness
5. reference group
Discussion
• We’ve come a long way since
hunting/gathering…but have we evolved for
the better?
• As you watch this, think of how the main
character’s life is controlled
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Growth of Society
From Agricultural to postindustrial
• Modern times?
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
II. Visions of Society
Four diverse perspectives on what accounts
for social change and societal evolution
• Gerhard Lenski
– Society and technology
• Karl Marx
– Society in conflict
• Max Weber
– The power of SYMBOLS (ideas) shapes
society
• Emile Durkheim
– How traditional and modern societies
hang together
Sociology, 12 Edition by John Macionis
th
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Gerhard Lenski
• Sociocultural evolution–The changes that
occur as a society gains new technology
• Societies range from simple to the
technologically complex.
• Societies simple in technology tend to
resemble one another.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Lenski’s Five Types Of Societies
• Hunting and gathering
– The use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation
• Horticultural and pastoral
– Horticulture–The use of hand tools to raise crops
– Pastoralism–The domestication of animals
• Agriculture
– Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more
powerful energy sources
• Industrialism
– The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to
drive large machinery
• Postindustrialism
– The production of information using computer technology
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• 21st Century world can be CONFUSING!!!!!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBCAlZ
PF0D0
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Part 2
• Mcdonaldization of Society- Directions:
Please read and complete the the
handout(s).
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Mcdonaldization of society?
• Describe PROS and CONS to this type of
system
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Society
• To what extent would you agree with the
author’s analogy of society?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fdy1Ag
O6Fp4&feature=related
• How has 21st century tech (smartphones/
social networking, etc) affected society
further?
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Opener2 : A Bureaucracy… is
• a system of administration based upon
organization into bureaus,
division of labour, a hierarchy of authority,
etc…
..designed to
dispose of a large body of work in a routine
manner
Draw a picture of this on your notes
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Examples of Bureaucracies I.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
MAX Weber’s Rational Social
Organization
Distinctive social institutions that see
to meeting the demands of a growing, complex society
Six Characteristics:
1. Hierarchy
2. Rules
3. Function
4. Focus
5. Impersonality
6. Qualification
Expressed in
bureaucracy!!!!!!
..see MINI 4
A. Max Weber
• Also Claimed that the key to the birth of
industrial capitalism lay in the Protestant
Reformation (“protestant work ethic”).
• Industrial capitalism is the major outcome
of Calvinism.
• The Calvinist idea of predestination
– Worldly prosperity ($$$) is a sign of God's
grace.
– Poverty is a sign of God's rejection (or YOU
did something WRONG).
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
B. Karl MARX: Alienation
• Alienation–The experience of isolation &
misery resulting from powerlessness.
Capitalism alienates workers in four
specific ways:
– 1. From the act of working
• Workers have no say in production; work is
tedious and repetitive.
– 2. From the products of work
• Workers have no ownership or pride in the
product that is sold for profit
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Alienation
• Capitalism alienates workers in four specific
ways:
3. From other workers
• Work is competitive rather than
cooperative.
4. From human potential
• Workers do not “fulfill themselves” in their
work.
• People feel like the job is a waste of time/
life.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Capitalism and Alienation
• Marx: To the capitalists, workers are
nothing more than a source of labor.
Revolution
• MARX:The only way out of capitalism is to
remake society.
• Video
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
C. Durkheim
• 1. Organic solidarity–Social bonds based
on specialization and interdependence
that are strong within industrial societies
• Key to the change is an expanding division
of labor–Specialization of economic
activity
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Mechanical Solidarity
• 2. Mechanical solidarity–Social bonds
based on common sentiment and shared
moral values that are common among
members of preindustrial societies
C. Durkheim
• Warned that modern society creates
anomie- “A”= without, “ nomos”= law
• A condition of instability resulting from a
breakdown of standards and values or
from a lack of purpose or ideals- video
D. The Peter Principal (Dr.
Laurence J. Peter)
• An observation that in an organizational
hierarchy, every employee will rise or get
promoted to his or her level of
incompetence
• Explained
• Video!? Modeling- AND americas broken
dream.
Sociology, 12th Edition by John Macionis
Copyright  2008 Prentice Hall, a division of Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
• Video Discussion: How did this video show
Alienated workers and Anomie in society?
(look at your notes for the four concepts of
alienation)