Download Chapter 18 Review Worksheet

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Chapter 18 Review Worksheet
Topic
IMP
Person, Place, Date, Term
What did Jose Marti, Luis Munoz Rivera,
and Emilio Aquinaldo have in common?
IMP
How was U.S. imperialism in the early
1900s similar to the concept of “manifest
destiny” that was popular during the
1800s? How was it different?
IMP
Define imperialism and explain why
countries engaged in it.
IMP
Where did U.S. and European countries
want to gain territories?
IMP
What were the three main reasons for
Imperialism?
IMP
Admiral Alfred T. Mahan
IMP
AK
How did European imperialism affect
Africa?
Treaty of Cessation
AK
William Seward
AK
“Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox”
AK
HI
HI
How did time prove that the purchase of
Alaska was not an act of folly?
King Kamehameha
Kalakaua
HI
Queen Liliuokalani
Description
All of these men wanted and fought for independence for their countries, which were
controlled by Spain. They were concerned about the United States taking control of their
countries. All were strong leaders with significant support from their people.
Both involved a need for new markets for goods. Both involved the use of force. In
following their “manifest destiny,” Americans believed their European heritage made them
superior and eased their minds as they took land from Native Americans and Mexicans.
The same belief allowed them to discard the rights of Cubans, Hawaiians, Puerto Ricans,
and Filipinos as they “helped” them. At the root of both manifest destiny and imperialism
was the belief that any action was justified to allow Americans to control the continent and
protect U.S. interests. On the other hand, most of the land taken as the United States
fulfilled its “manifest destiny” was uninhabited or sparsely inhabited and was not settled in
a way Europeans could relate to. While settlers wanted land for themselves, U.S.
imperialism was not largely about settling land but about gaining markets and natural
resources.
Only two African nations remained independent; the rest of the continent was divided up
among European nations
The treaty between the US and Russia that outlined the sale of Alaska to the US for $7.2
million
The nickname given for Alaska by the American people because they thought the purchase
was a waste believing that Alaska was just wild, snowy, wilderness
Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, and oil
Hawaiian chief who united eight major islands and became its monarchy leader
HI
annex
HI
Why did many Americans call for the US
to annex Hawaii after the McKinley Tariff
of 1890?
HI
Why did Hawaiian population decrease
dramatically?
HI
What was the industry in which there
were many American investors in
Hawaii?
HI
Work force in Hawaii was insufficient
due the deaths caused by disease, what
was done to fix this problem?
HI
An 1875 treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar
from US tariffs in exchange for what?
HI
HI
1886, US officials demanded control of
Pearl Harbor in exchange for tax-free
sugar; Kalakaua refused. What did many
Americans living in Hawaii do?
Kalakaua signed a treaty in July 1887:
1. What did the treaty set up?
2. Why was there controversy about
the treaty and what did some people
call it?
HI
McKinley Tariff
HI
Subsidy
HI
Why did John L. Stevens order Marines
ashore
HI
Hawaii’s steps to becoming a state
HI
What factors led to the annexation of
Hawaii in 1898?
HI
What happened as a result of U.S.
imperialism in Hawaii?
HI
Ambassador John L. Stevens
2
HI
Sanford B. Dole
HI
What occurred to cause the overthrow of
Queen Liliuokalani?
S-A
War
What effect did the yellow journalism used by
Hearst and Pulitzer before and during the
Spanish-American War have on American
reactions to the situation in Cuba?
S-A
War
José Marti
S-A
War
S-A
War
S-A
War
General Valeriano Weyler
S-A
War
S-A
War
Many in the United States were sympathetic to
Cuban’s struggle because of
American press, especially two New York
City newspapers encouraged war with Spain to
free Cuba; What was the name given to these
types of media reports and what were they?
S-A
War
De Lome Letter
S-A
War
S-A
War
S-A
War
Why did Jose Marti encourage Cuban rebels to
destroy sugar mills and plantations?
S-A
War
On April 20, 1898, Congress recognized
Cuba’s independence and voted to use military
force to help them—they also passed the
Teller Amendment which stated what?
S-A
War
What events increased the tension
between the United States and Spain?
Commodore George Dewey
publication of the de Lome letter, which criticized President McKinley, and the explosion
of the U.S.S. Maine, which many Americans blamed on Spain
defeated Spanish forces in the Philippines and enlisted help from rebels to take land battles
Emilio Aguinaldo
leader of rebel army of Filipino patriots in the Philippines set up provisional government in
the Philippines and proclaimed himself president of the new Philippine Republic
the Spanish agreed to all the demands of the United States, including a six month cease fire
S-A
War
S-A
War
S-A
War
S-A
War
S-A
War
Enrique Dupuy de Lome
In 1896 Spain sent General Weyler to put
down revolt; what did he do?
The U.S.S. Maine Incident
Who did the US blame and why?
How did the Spanish try to avoid war with the
United States?
Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders
S-A
War
Spain surrendered and the terms were
costly to Spain, what were the terms of
the Treaty of Paris?
S-A
War
What were the terms of the Treaty of
Paris?
Yellow journalism helped create a base of support for war against Spain. It communicated
a sense of the suffering of the Cuban people. False reports and exaggerations kept people
from focusing on the real situation. People thought they knew what was going on—but
didn’t—when, for example the U.S.S. Maine exploded.
a poet and journalist in exile in New York who became the Cuban leader of the
independence movement; he was wrote about Cuban independence before returning to
Cuba only to become a martyr after being killed
sent by Spain in 1896 to put down revolt, he was called “the Butcher” by American press
for his harsh his concentration camps
Spain’s minister to the United States who wrote a degrading letter about McKinley
forced thousands of farmers and other citizens into concentration camps to keep them from
aiding rebels and to separate them from the rebels; 200,000 Cubans died from starvation
and disease in the camps
similarities to American Revolutionary war
yellow journalism was sensational style of reporting—exaggerating in order to lure and
enrage readers
a letter Enrique Dupuy de Lome wrote that ridiculed McKinley as “weak, and a bidder for
the admiration of the crowd, the Journal called it “the worst insult to the United States in its
history”
Marti hoped to provoke the United States into helping Cuba win independence from Spain
U.S.S. Maine was sent to Havana to protect US lives and property, on February 15 the
Maine blew up killing 260 sailors
citizens blamed Spain because US newspapers blamed Spain as they published articles with
headlines (“Destruction of the war ship Maine was the Work of an Enemy”) and pictures
showing how it was done
stated that once Cuba won its independence from Spain, the United States would “leave the
government and control of the Island to its people”
resigned his naval post and led the charge of Rough Riders up San Juan Hill to help win a
decisive battle in the Spanish-American War
a volunteer cavalry under the command of Leonard wood and Theodore Roosevelt—they
fought a dramatic uphill charge of Kettle Hill which laid the way for an important strategic
victory at San Juan Hill—Rough Riders only played minor role in San Juan Hill battle;
however, US newspapers made Roosevelt and the Rough Riders the heroes of the battle
a. gave up claim to Cuba
b. ceded Puerto Rico
c. ceded Pacific island of Guam
d. gave up control of Philippines in return for US payment of $20 million
Spain freed Cuba and turned over the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States.
Spain also sold the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.
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S-A
War
S-A
War
Joseph Pulitzer
S-A
War
Describe the event that led up to the
Spanish-American War.
S-A
War
Emilio Aguinaldo
PR
Luis Munoz Riveria
PR
General Nelson A. Miles
PR
Foraker Act
PR
Insular Cases
PR
Jones Act of 1917 (besides apply to
Philippines) also granted Puerto Ricans
PR
Why was Puerto Rico important to the
United States?
CUB
Teller Amendment
CUB
How did American military government
help Cuba?
CUB
Carlos Finlay
CUB
Yellow fever
CUB
General Leonard Wood
William Randolph Hearst
The owner of the New York World. He pioneered popular innovations such as large Sunday
edition, comics, sports coverage, and women’s news.
The owner of the New York Morning Journal and the San Francisco Examiner. Hearst
sought to outdo Pulitzer with exaggerated tales of personal scandals, cruelty, etc. He was
from a wealthy family, went to Harvard, father gave him the San Francisco Examiner, built
a newspaper empire using yellow journalism
Americans were sympathetic to the cause of Cuban rebels; the American media used
sensationalism and propaganda to increase public sympathy for the Cubans and to get the
government to intervene; a letter (de Lome Letter) that was critical of President McKinley
from Spain’s minister to the United States was intercepted by a spy and published; and the
United States blamed Spain for the destruction of the USS Maine.
leader of rebel army of Filipino patriots in the Philippines who helped Dewy during the
Spanish-American War. He was outraged by the American annexation of the Philippines
because he believed the US would give the Philippines their freedom after Spain was
defeated.
1.
2.
3.
4.
provided food and clothing for thousands of families
help farmer spur land back into cultivation
help organize elementary schools
helped improve sanitation and medical research which helped eliminate yellow fever
4
CUB
Platt Amendment
CUB
protectorate
CUB
What happened as a result of U.S.
imperialism in Cuba?
PHL
Annex Philippines Pro’s argued
PHL
Annex Philippines Con’s argued
PHL
Philippine government Act
PHIL
What were the aims of the Filipinos?
What were the aims of the Americans?
PHL
What happened as a result of U.S.
imperialism in the Philippines?
PHL
Jones Act of 1916
PHIL
Emilio Aguinaldo
CHN
John Hay
CHN
In 1843 China officially opened five ports
to trade with the United States and
Europe; Japan attacked China which
opened the door to what four other
powers?
The United States helped Cuba win independence from Spain. The U.S. government or
U.S. companies fed and clothed Cubans, helped farmers, organized schools, improved
sanitation, helped eliminate yellow fever, built railroads, developed sugar plantations, and
invested in public utilities. The United States installed a temporary military government.
Through the Platt Amendment, the United States retained a great deal of control over
Cuban affairs and obtained the use of land for a naval base. Cuba became a U.S.
protectorate. Cuba was not allowed true economic or political freedom.
The United States helped the Philippines win independence from Spain. The United States
annexed the Philippines, resulting in feelings of bitterness and betrayal among the
revolutionaries. Filipinos were forced to live in designated areas where many died.
5
CHN
spheres of influence
CHN
Open Door Policy (Open Door Notes)
CHN
In the Open Door Policy, Hay wanted
what three principles followed?
CHN
Why did Secretary of State John Hay
issue the policy known as the Open Door
Policy (Open Door Notes)?
CHN
China became resentful towards
foreigners and their influence, what group
was formed to combat foreigners and
what did they do?
CHN
Boxer Rebellion
CHN
Foreign reaction to the rebellion
CHN
The Boxer Protocol
CHN
Second Open Door Policy (Second Open
Door Notes
CHN
What three US beliefs did the Open Door
Policies show?
IMP
Anti-Imperialist League
a league that believed it was wrong to rule other people without their consent; there were
many prominent people in the league including Grove Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane
Addams, Mark Twain, and many other leading writers
IMP
Many people were against taking other nations as
colonies of the United States, including such figures
as Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain. Discuss the
possible reasons for their anti-imperialist feelings.
Imperialism, as a whole led to resentment against the colonizing country. This resentment was caused
when native people were denied the right to rule themselves and when the colonizing forces mistreated
the natives. Often, colonization led to uprisings, wars, and revolutions, ending in casualties for both
the colonizing and the colonized countries. Even though the United States tried to colonize other
countries to open more markets, this colonization was mostly unnecessary as trade flourished without
colonization. In addition, ruling and protecting the colonies became expensive because the United
States needed to maintain a military presence in the countries and faced the threat of war to squelch
uprisings.
JPN
When did Japan’s isolationism end?
6
JPN
Why did the Japanese eventually agree
with Perry and allow for foreign trade?
JPN
What affect did trading with foreign
nations have on Japan?
JPN
Russo-Japanese War
JPN
What were the results of Roosevelt’s
negotiations with the Japanese and
Russians?
JPN
Russo-Japanese War: Who did Japan ask
for help from?
JPN
Why did Japan ask for help in ending the
war?
JPN
Russo-Japanese War: Where did the
negotiations take place?
JPN
Russo-Japanese War: What was
Roosevelt awarded?
JPN
Russo-Japanese War: What did
Roosevelt do to deter Japan and other
countries from having any war thoughts?
JPN
Great White Fleet
PAN
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
PAN
Philippe Bunaue-Varilla
PAN
Panama Canal
7
PAN
What were some of the health measures
necessary in order to construct the
Panama Canal?
PAN
Torrijos-Carter Treaties
PAN
Discuss the actions the United States took
in order to build the Panama Canal.
PAN
What problems did canal workers
encounter in constructing the canal?
DOM
Monroe Doctrine
DOM
Roosevelt Corollary
DOM
Roosevelt put into play a West African
proverb
DOM
Why did Roosevelt issue the Roosevelt
Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
DOM
Other than just issuing the Roosevelt
Corollary, how did the US prevent
European nations from invading the
Dominican Republic?
General Horacio Vásquez
DOM
DOM
What was President Wilson’s response
after Vásquez started a rebellion?
DOM
Why did the United States finally invade
and occupy the Dominican Republic?
DOM
Rear Admiral Harry Shepard Knapp
DOM
What types of changes did the US
implement in the Dominican Republic
after their occupation?
DOM
Hughes-Peynado Plan
8
IMP
Dollar Diplomacy
IMP
Missionary Diplomacy
MEX
Why did President Wilson refuse to
recognize Huerta’s government?
MEX
Porfirio Diaz
MEX
Emiliano Zapata
MEX
Andres Molina Enriquez
MEX
Francisco Madero
MEX
Victoriano Huerta
MEX
Venustiano Carranza
MEX
Francisco “Pancho” Villa
MEX
General John J. Pershing
9