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Buried Mirror- Part 2 1. As you watch this episode of the Buried Mirror, listen for and identify the following: Olmecs – Precolumbian civilization in south central Mexico from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. Famous for their art sculptures of colossal heads Mayas – Noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems until the arrival of the Spanish. Zapotecs -indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mesoamerica. From 500BC lived in Monte Albán Monte Albán – Zapotec city Toltecs -an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo 800-1000 CE. The later Aztec culture saw the Toltecs as their intellectual and cultural predecessors Aztecs – lived in central Mexico, spoke the Nahuatl language, dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th- 16th centuries Chichén Itzá –Mayan city in Yucatan península Pablo Neruda - Chilean poet and politician Huitzilopochtli – volcano in Mexico Templo Mayor - one of the main temples of the Aztecs in their capital city of Tenochtitlan Flower wars - battles fought between the Aztec Triple Alliance and some of their enemies: most notably the city-states of Tlaxcala, Huexotzinco, Atlixco and Cholula. Diego Rivera- Mexican artist of the 20th century Quetzalcoatl - Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and has the meaning of "feathered-serpent” Tezcatlipocha Mesoamerican deity worshipped by the Olmec and Maya. Hernán Cortés – Spanish conqueror of the Aztecs Marina/Malinche - Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, lover and intermediary for Hernán Cortés. Moctezuma – leader of the Aztecs when Cortes conquered the civilization Palenque - a Maya city state in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century. date back to 100 BC to its fall around 800 AD. After its decline it was absorbed into the jungle, but has been excavated and restored and is now a famous archaeological site attracting thousands of visitors. Incas mesoamerican civilization in the Andes mountains of Peru Bolivia and Ecuador founded around 1200 destroyed by Spanish in 1533. Francisco Pizarro – Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas through treachery in 1533 Atahualpa – Leader of the Incas at the time of the Spanish conquest Machu Picchu – Ancient Inca city unknown to the Spanish and discovered in the 20th century by Europeans viceroys - a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province (or state) in the name of and as representative of the Monarch hidalgos -was a traditional title of persons of the Spanish nobility or gentry. Cholula -At the time of the arrival of Hernán Cortés Cholula was second only to the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City) as the largest city in central Mexico. Cortez massacred its warriors at the central plaza and partially burned down the city Virgen of Guadalupe According to tradition, Juan Diego, a simple indigenous peasant, saw a vision of a young woman on December 9, 1531. While he was on the hill in the desert of Tepeyac near Mexico City, the lady told him to build a church exactly on the spot where they were standing. He told the local bishop, who asked for some proof. He went back and saw the vision again. He told the lady that the bishop wanted proof, and she said "Bring the roses behind you." When he looked behind, he saw a bunch of roses growing. He cut the roses, placed them in his poncho and returned to the bishop. When he arrived to the bishop, he said he had brought proof. When he opened his poncho, instead of roses there was a picture of the young lady in the vision. Bartolomé de las Casas - 16th-century Spanish historian. Wrote "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" and "Historia de Las Indias", chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies, focusing particularly on the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the Indigenous peoples. Santa María de Tonantzintla - colonial era church decorated in Talavera tile and in a style called Indigenous or Folk Baroque. It is the best known example