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Caravel Compass Astrolabe Henry the Navigator Hernán Cortés Conquistador Columbian Exchange Ferdinand Magellan Middle Passage Northwest Passage Protestant Reformation Francisco Pizarro Prince of Portugal who established a school of navigation and paid for exploration A device that enabled navigators to learn their ship’s location by using the stars A navigational instrument that determines direction by using the Earth's magnetic poles A ship that used triangular sails to sail against the wind and had rudders to improve steering A Portuguese captain of a Spanish fleet; his crew was the first to sail around the world The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa A Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain A Spanish conquistador who conquered Mexico and defeated the Aztec Empire A religious movement begun by Martin Luther in 1517 to reform the Catholic Church A nonexistent path through North America that early explorers searched for that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire