Download Cat. 3 Questions

EOC Category 3
Name:
1.
Date:
Which group of terms is in the correct order from
most general to most speci c?
A.
species, phylum, genus, kingdom
B.
genus, species, kingdom, phylum
C.
kingdom, phylum, genus, species
5.
D. phylum, kingdom, species, genus
2.
6.
Ursus horribilis, the scienti c name for the grizzly
bear, refers to the bear's
A.
kingdom and phylum
B.
kingdom and species
C.
genus and phylum
7.
D. genus and species
3.
Homo erectus and Homo sapiens are classi ed in
the same
A.
kingdom, phylum, genus, and species
B.
kingdom, phylum, and genus
C.
phylum, genus, and species
In classi cation systems which group is the largest
subdivision of a kingdom?
A.
genus
B.
C.
order
D. class
A.
kingdom
B.
phylum
C.
genus
D. species
A group of organisms that can breed and produce
fertile o spring is known as a
A.
species
B.
genus
C.
phylum
D. kingdom
The baleen whales belong to the order Mysticeti.
Instead of teeth, baleen whales posses plates on
each side of the jaw that lter food from the
water. These whales collect food while they swim.
Baleen whales feed on strained plankton and
krill. Krill is a crustacean that measures 7.5–12.5
centimeters in length and grows most plentifully in
the cold oceanic waters near the North and South
Poles.
Even though they feed on such small animals,
many species of baleen whales grow to enormous
sizes. The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
reaches lengths of 35 meters with recorded masses
of 100,000 kilograms. Heavy whaling of this
valuable species has put it in danger of extinction.
Among the other baleen whales are the grey whale
(Eschrictus glaucos) which grows to 15 meters, the
mink whale (Balaena mysticetus) which grows to
20 meters, and the humpback whale (Megaptera
movaengliae) which grows to 13 meters.
D. genus and species
4.
In a modern system of classi cation, two
organisms would be most closely related if they
were classi ed in the same
—National Geographic (adapted)
phylum
Plankton: aquatic organisms that live suspended
in open water
The humpback whale is classi ed as belonging to
the order
page 1
A.
Balaena
B.
C.
Mysticeti
D. Novaenglia
Megapera
EOC Category 3
8.
The scienti c name of the wolf is Canis lupus.
The wolf is a member of the
A.
phylum Canis and the genus lupus
B.
species Canis and the genus lupus
C.
genus Canis and the phylum lupus
11.
D. genus Canis and the species lupus
9.
10.
The male moth is a fairly strong daytime ier
and tends to y upwind in a zigzag pattern. The
female is so heavily laden with eggs that she is
unable to y. Egg laying occurs soon after the
moths mate, usually within a day or so after the
female reaches the adult stage. Moths die soon
after egg laying is completed.
Organisms are classi ed into kingdoms primarily
on the basis of
A.
behavior
B.
C.
size
D. habitat
structure
The best means of controlling the gypsy moth
in the forests of New York State is through the
development and use of biological methods of pest
control. The most important of these includes the
use of Oooencytrus kuwanae, a tiny wasp that
parasitizes the upper layers of eggs in a cluster
and is normally e ective on about three-fourths
of the eggs; Sturmia scutellata, a y known as
the pupal parasite; and Calosoma sycophanta,
a ground beetle that preys on both gypsy moth
larvae and pupae.
Within which group would all members show the
greatest similarity?
A.
kingdom
B.
C.
genus
D. species
The gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar, is a defoliator
(an agent that removes leaves) of both deciduous
trees and conifers in New York State. the gypsy
moth undergoes a complete metamorphosis from
egg to larva to pupa to adult moth. The gypsy
moth larvae (caterpillars) cause the greatest amount
of damage to trees. The heaviest defoliations
occur in oak forests because these trees are highly
favored as food plants by all larval stages. The
adult moths do not feed; their only function is to
reproduce.
phylum
An important natural agent that causes gypsy moth
populations to collapse is a viral disease of the
larvae. A ected caterpillars are seen hanging from
trees. The virus is always present in gypsy moth
colonies in a dormant form and becomes activated
when outside stress is applied. The viral disease,
starvation, stress-induced diseases, and parasitism
may cause a population to collapse after a forest
has undergone 2 or 3 years of defoliation.
In the scienti c name of the gypsy moth, the word
“Porthetria” refers to the insect's
page 2
A.
species
B.
genus
C.
phylum
D. kingdom
EOC Category 3
12.
Vertebrate
Common Name
Scienti c Name
A
white perch
Monrone americana
B
grass pickerel
Esox americanus
color, sex, and habitat
B.
type of nutrition, number of cells, and basic
structure
C
varying hare
Lepus americanus
D
American toad
Bufo americanus
behavior, fossil record, and length
E
muskellunge
Esox masquinongy
D. metabolism, rate of reproduction, and shape
Which two vertebrates are most closely related?
Which scientist is correctly paired with his
contribution to biological science?
A.
A and B
B.
C.
C and D
D. A and D
A.
Miller — rst to observe mitotic cell division
B.
Linnaeus — devised a binomial system for
naming organisms
C.
Darwin — invented the electron microscope
16.
D. Watson — rst to observe cells
14.
The table below gives both the common and
scienti c names of ve New York State vertebrates.
A.
C.
13.
15.
Which characteristic of organisms are most
commonly used to place them in a speci c
kingdom in the ve-kingdom classi cation system?
B and E
In areas of heavy use of the insecticide DDT, y
populations may show marked resistance to the
DDT over a period of time. Someone who accepts
the evolutionary theory of Lamarck would most
likely explain this observation using the concept of
A.
natural selection
Which classi cation category contains the greatest
number of di erent types of organisms?
B.
inheritance of acquired characteristics
C.
overproduction of a species
A.
kingdom
B.
D. a change in the gene frequencies
C.
genus
D. species
phylum
17.
page 3
According to the heterotroph hypothesis, the rst
living things probably were anaerobic because
their environment had no available
A.
food
B.
energy
C.
water
D. oxygen
EOC Category 3
18.
21.
The presence of gill-like slits in a human embryo
is considered to be evidence for the
A.
theory that sh and mammals have a common
ancestry
B.
theory that the rst organisms on Earth were
heterotrophs
C.
close relationship between sh and mammalian
reproductive patterns
22.
the ability to form a fossil
B.
a high survival value
C.
a common ancestry
Which theory is best illustrated by the ow chart
shown?
Digestive enzymes and hormones are found to be
similar in many mammals. These ndings are
examples of
A.
similar anatomical structures
B.
similar homologous structures
A.
cell theory
C.
embryological similarities
B.
theory of acquired characteristics
C.
use and disuse theory
D. biochemical similarities
20.
A.
D. no advantage in competition
D. close relationship between humans and
annelids
19.
In future generations, the frequency of a mutant
gene may tend to increase. This would occur in a
given environment if the new trait has
D. theory of natural selection
Which statement is in agreement with Darwin's
theory of evolution?
A.
More o spring are produced than can possibly
survive.
B.
The organisms that are the most t are always
those with the greatest strength.
C.
Mutations are always bene cial.
23.
D. Acquired characteristics are inherited.
page 4
According to the heterotroph hypothesis, which gas
was absent in primitive Earth's atmosphere?
A.
methane
B.
ammonia
C.
molecular oxygen
D. water vapor
EOC Category 3
24.
27.
Biochemical analysis has shown that hemoglobin
molecules found in monkeys are very similar
to those found in humans. Which concept is
supported by this analysis?
A.
Homologous structures exist in all vertebrates.
A.
development from a common ancestor
B.
Embryonic development in humans and
monkeys is identical.
B.
development in similar environments
C.
Monkeys and humans have a common
ancestor.
C.
separate development merging to a common
form
D. similar reactions to environmental stress
D. Invertebrates and vertebrates have a common
ancestor.
25.
28.
According to modern evolutionary theory, which
factor least in uences the pattern of evolution in a
population?
A.
sexual reproduction
B.
environmental change
C.
geographic isolation
The introduction of new genes into the gene pool
of a population occurs through the process of
A.
survival of the ttest
B.
competition between organisms
C.
mutation
D. overproduction
D. use and disuse
26.
The wing of a bat, arm of a man, and ipper of
a whale have similar internal structures. Even
though these structures have diverse functions,
their similarities suggest
29.
The leg structures of many di erent vertebrates
are quite similar in number and location of bones.
Most scientists would probably explain this on the
basis of
The study of living organisms and fossils
suggests that organisms have undergone slow and
continuous change since they rst appeared on
Earth. Based on the rate of change, this concept
is known as
A.
gradualism
A.
needs of the organism
B.
punctuated equilibrium
B.
common ancestry
C.
intermediate inheritance
C.
chance occurrence
D. cell theory
D. inheritance of acquired traits
page 5
EOC Category 3
30.
33.
According to modern evolutionary theory, the
mechanism by which new species arise is based
on a situation in which
A.
organisms of di erent phyla interbreed and
produce fertile o spring
A.
characteristics their parents acquired by use
and disuse
B.
environmental conditions remain stable for
long periods
B.
undergone mutations
C.
the smallest number of o spring
C.
individual organisms change drastically in a
single lifetime
D. variations best suited to the environment
D. a series of mutations lead to changes in
genetic structure
31.
34.
The diagram shown represents a section of
undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock in New
York State and shows the location of fossils of
several closely related species. According to
currently accepted evolutionary theory, which is
the most probable assumption about species A, B
and C ?
A.
Species B is more abundant than species C.
B.
Species C existed before species B.
C.
Species A and B are genetically identical.
D. Species B descended from species A.
biochemistry
B.
C.
ecology
D. embryology
A.
species evolve slowly from primitive ancestral
forms
B.
species evolve rapidly at infrequent intervals
C.
special organs evolve because of need
According to modern evolution theory, which
factor favors speciation?
A.
asexual reproduction
B.
geographic isolation
C.
gene pool stability
D. use and disuse
The eld of biology that includes the study of the
origin of new species through time is known as
A.
In modern evolutionary theory, the concept known
as gradualism implies that
D. acquired traits may be transmitted to o spring
35.
32.
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection,
the individuals that tend to survive are those that
have
36.
evolution
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection,
individuals who survive are most likely the ones
best adapted to exist in their environment. Their
survival is due to the
A.
possession of structures developed through use
B.
possession of variations that maximize tness
C.
lack of competition within the species
D. ability to change their genotype
page 6
EOC Category 3
37.
40.
Two squirrel populations are prevented from
mating only because they live on opposite sides of
the Colorado River. This situation is an example
of
A.
reproductive isolation
A.
acquired characteristics
B.
geographic isolation
B.
reproductive isolation
C.
adaptive radiation
C.
survival of the ttest
D. natural selection
38.
When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some
antelope are eliminated. Which part of Darwin's
theory of evolution may be used to describe this
situation?
D. speciation due to mutations
41.
A.
the wing of a bat and the ipper of a whale
One theory concerning the rate of speciation states
that evolution occurs slowly and continuously. A
di erent theory of the rate of speciation is known
as
B.
the arm of a star sh and the foreleg of a
horse
A.
geographic isolation
C.
the jointed appendage of a grasshopper and a
human
B.
reproductive isolation
C.
evolutionary gradualism
Which structures would be considered homologous?
D. the wings of a bat and a butter y
D. punctuated equilibrium
39.
Distinct species of birds on two separate islands
have similar characteristics that indicate common
ancestry. The di erences that have evolved to
make these species distinct have resulted in
42.
The special characteristics that make an organism
particularly well suited to its environment are
known as
A.
the inheritance of acquired traits
A.
abiotic factors
B.
B.
frequent interbreeding
C.
biotic factors
D. adaptations
C.
the elimination of variations
43.
D. reproductive isolation
In the marshlands of the northeastern United
States, the purple loosestrife plant has replaced
many native plants. The success of the purple
loosestrife plant is most likely due to its ability to
A.
control secondary consumers
B.
conserve natural resources
C.
transfer energy from soil minerals
D. compete for abiotic factors
page 7
aggregates
EOC Category 3
48.
44. Darwin's theory of evolution is based on
A.
variation and natural selection
B.
use and disuse
C.
spontaneous genetic mutations
D. transmission of acquired characteristics
45.
Based on Lamarck's theory of evolution, the
human appendix decreased in size and lost its
digestive function because
A.
inherited mutations caused the appendix to
become useless
B.
development of useless organs conserved
energy
C.
the appendix was not needed or used as a
digestive organ
49.
50.
belong to the same genus
B.
may have a common ancestor
C.
have identical chromosomes
Evolution refers to change over a long period of
time in
A.
a fossil
B.
C.
a rock
D. an embryo
sexual reproduction
What will most likely happen to a trait that has a
high survival value in a population?
B.
mutation
C.
meiosis
A.
The trait will increase in frequency.
D. asexual reproduction
B.
The trait will decrease in frequency.
C.
The trait will not be inherited.
51.
Punctuated equilibrium attempts to explain
A.
natural selection
B.
gradualism
C.
the transmission of acquired characteristics
a population
Which process would have the least in uence on
the rate of evolutionary change?
A.
D. The gene for the trait will mutate.
47.
A.
D. occupy the same niche
D. humans with a small appendix were better
adapted to survive in their environment
46.
The blood of rhesus monkeys contains proteins
similar to those found in the blood of humans.
This observation suggests the rhesus monkeys and
humans
The observation by Darwin that nches belonging
to di erent species on the Galapagos Islands have
many similar physical characteristics supports the
conclusion that these nches
A.
have the ability to interbreed
B.
acquired traits through use and disuse
C.
occupy the same niche on the same island
D. originated from a common ancestor
D. the rate of evolutionary change
page 8
EOC Category 3
52.
55.
In most populations, the individuals that produce
the greatest number of o spring are
A.
always the strongest
B.
usually the best adapted
C.
those that have only recessive traits
D. those that are the most intelligent
53.
54.
The structural changes that occurred in certain
plants over time, enabling them to thrive in dry
habitats, are examples of
A.
nutritional relationships
B.
adaptations
C.
succession
D. energy- ow relationships
A major unifying concept of biology that provides
an explanation for the great diversity of life-forms
is the
56.
A trait with low survival value to the members of
a population will most likely
A.
undergo a series of mutations in succeeding
generations
B.
cause the reproduction rate in individual
organisms to increase
D. lock-and-key model
C.
decrease in frequency from one generation to
the next
According to the heterotroph hypothesis, which
event had to occur before aerobic respiration could
evolve?
D. remain unchanged in frequency through many
generations
A.
cell theory
B.
theory of evolution
C.
heterotroph hypothesis
A.
Heterotrophs had to add oxygen to the air.
B.
Autotrophs had to add oxygen to the air.
C.
Heterotrophs had to remove carbon dioxide
from the air.
57.
According to this information, the closest
evolutionary relationship most likely exists between
the
Human
Sequence of amino acids
in the same part of the
the hemoglobin molecules
Lys-Glu-His-Iso
Gorilla
Lys-Glu-His-Lys
Species
D. Autotrophs had to convert atmospheric
nitrogen to nitrates.
Horse
Chimpanzee
Zebra
Arg-Lys-His-Lys
Lys-Glu-His-Iso
Arg-Lys-His-Arg
A.
human and the chimpanzee
B.
human and the gorilla
C.
chimpanzee and the gorilla
D. horse and the zebra
page 9
EOC Category 3
58.
59.
62.
The information in the chart provides data that can
help in the identi cation of possible evolutionary
relationships from the study of comparative
A.
cytology
B.
embryology
C.
anatomy
D. biochemistry
63.
mutations and sexual reproduction
B.
synapsis and disjunction
C.
mitosis and asexual reproduction
Which concept includes the other three?
A.
cows, pigs, and humans are of the same genus
A.
competition
B.
chemicals can readily adapt to changing
environmental conditions
B.
survival of the ttest
C.
an evolutionary relationship exists between
mammals
C.
natural selection
D. overproduction
64. Darwin's studies of nches on the Galapagos
Islands suggest that the nches' di erences in beak
structure were most directly due to
Since variations between o spring are important in
the process of natural selection, evolution would
be expected to occur more rapidly in species that
reproduce by the process of
A.
acquired characteristics in the parent nches
B.
the size of the island where the nches live
mating behaviors of the di erent nch species
A.
budding
C.
B.
asexual reproduction
C.
sexual reproduction
D. adaptations of the
environments
65.
D. sporulation
61.
A.
D. overproduction and recombination
People with diabetes can be treated with insulin
extracted from cows and pigs. The fact that
the insulin of cows, pigs, and humans is similar
suggests that
D. human cells are unable to recognize and
destroy foreign chemicals
60.
Variations within a species are most likely the
result of
One widely accepted theory states that the rst
forms of life were heterotrophs. Later, some
organisms developed the ability to use atmospheric
carbon dioxide to produce organic nutrients.
Organisms with this capability represented the
evolution of the rst
A.
herbivores
B.
C.
decomposers
D. autotrophs
nches to di erent
The term “evolution” is best described as
A.
a process of change in a population through
time
B.
a process by which organisms become extinct
C.
the reproductive isolation of members of
certain species
D. the replacement of one community by another
carnivores
page 10
Acces format version 4.4.170
c 1997–2011 EducAide Software
_
Licensed for use by Jennifer LaFosse
EOC Category 3
04/12/2013
1.
Answer:
C
21.
Answer:
B
2.
Answer:
D
22.
Answer:
D
3.
Answer:
B
23.
Answer:
C
4.
Answer:
B
24.
Answer:
C
5.
Answer:
D
25.
Answer:
D
6.
Answer:
A
26.
Answer:
B
7.
Answer:
C
8.
Answer:
27.
Answer:
A
D
9.
Answer:
28.
Answer:
C
B
10.
Answer:
29.
Answer:
A
D
11.
Answer:
30.
Answer:
D
B
12.
Answer:
31.
Answer:
B
B
13.
Answer:
32.
Answer:
B
B
14.
Answer:
33.
Answer:
D
A
15.
Answer:
34.
Answer:
A
B
16.
Answer:
35.
Answer:
B
B
17.
Answer:
36.
Answer:
B
D
18.
Answer:
37.
Answer:
B
A
19.
Answer:
38.
Answer:
A
D
20.
Answer:
39.
Answer:
D
A
Teacher's Key
40.
Answer:
C
62.
Answer:
A
41.
Answer:
D
63.
Answer:
C
42.
Answer:
D
64.
Answer:
D
43.
Answer:
D
65.
Answer:
A
44.
Answer:
A
45.
Answer:
C
46.
Answer:
A
47.
Answer:
D
48.
Answer:
B
49.
Answer:
B
50.
Answer:
D
51.
Answer:
D
52.
Answer:
B
53.
Answer:
B
54.
Answer:
B
55.
Answer:
B
56.
Answer:
C
57.
Answer:
A
58.
Answer:
D
59.
Answer:
C
60.
Answer:
C
61.
Answer:
D
Page 2