Download PDF - Matheson Center For Health Care Studies

2007 UTAH’S HEALTH: AN ANNUAL REVIEW
Mumps, Polio, and Rubella
Compiled by Eric Hu
2006 Cases of Mumps: 2, 2006; Cases of Polio: 0, 2006; Cases of Rubella: 0 1
Since
the
practically
1960’s,
vaccinations
eliminated
cases
have
of
Poliomyelitis (Polio), epidemic parotitis
(Mumps) and epidemic roseola (Rubella)
in most developed countries.
Mumps, a viral disease, is spread through
saliva. Vaccines have greatly reduced the
spread of mumps, although the disease is
Table 1: Cases and incidence per 100,000 population of Mumps
within Utah, 1995-2006, and the U.S., 1995-2006 1, 2, 3
Mumps
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Cases
11
2
7
5
4
7
8
7
5
2
7
2
Utah
Incidence
0.55
0.1
0.33
0.23
0.18
0.31
0.35
0.3
0.21
0.08
0.3
0.1
Cases
906
751
663
666
387
338
266
270
231
258
314
6404
US
Incidence
0.34
0.28
0.24
0.24
0.14
0.12
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.1
0.09
2.1
still prevalent in third world countries.
Children between the ages of 2 and 12 are
most susceptible. Upon infection, the
Table 2:
Cases and incidence per 100,000 population of
Poliomyelitis within Utah, 1996-2006, and the U.S., 1996-2006 1, 2, 3
disease will incubate for up to a month.
Symptoms
include
gland
swelling,
testicular swelling, fever, headache, sore
throat, and in extreme cases, infertility.
No cure exists, with treatment centering
on the control of pain.
Prevention
involves the use of a vaccine. There were
two cases of mumps in Utah in 2006.
Polio
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Cases
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Utah
Incidence
0.05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cases
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
US
Incidence
0.002
0
0.0004
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0003
0
Nationally, though, cases of mumps grew
20 times in 2006 due to an outbreak that
was most prevalent among individuals that
Table 3: Cases and incidence per 100,000 population of Rubella
within Utah, 1995-2006, and the U.S., 1995-2006 1, 2, 3
had received a single dose of the MeaslesMumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine (rather
than the current two-dose protocol). 4
Polio, a viral disease, is spread fecal-orally.
Most cases are asymptomatic. In 1% of
cases, the central nervous system is affect-
156
Infectious Disease
Rubella
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Cases
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
Utah
Incidence
0.05
0
0
0
0
0.13
0
0
0
0.08
0
0
Cases
128
238
181
364
267
176
23
18
7
10
11
0
US
Incidence
0.05
0.09
0.07
0.13
0.1
0.06
0.01
0.01
0
0.003
0.005
0
© 2007 The University of Utah. All Rights Reserved
UTAH’S HEALTH: AN ANNUAL REVIEW
ed, causing damage, such as weakness and paralysis. A vaccine was produced and utilized in the early 1960s that
greatly reduced the spread of polio. With recent advancements, we may soon see the total eradication of Polio. It
is spread most commonly through water or food that is contaminated with infected fecal matter. It may incubate
for as long as a month. With no cure existing, treatment centers on antibiotics for possible infections, analgesics,
and methods to speed up recovery. There were no cases of Polio in Utah in 2006.
Rubella, a viral disease, is transmitted by aerosol drops. There is an incubation period of two to three weeks
before the onset. The disease then only lasts one to five days and is often mild, making it difficult to diagnose.
The symptoms include swollen nodes, rashes, fever and sometimes weakness. In children, there are also symptoms
of joint pain and headache. There were no cases of Rubella in Utah in 2006.
Information on this page was gathered from:
1. Summary of Selected Notifiable Diseases by County, Utah. 2002-2006 Annual Reports. Utah Department of Health. Retrieved March
5, 2007 from http://health.utah.gov/epi/anrpt/.
2. Annual Summary of Notifiable Diseases. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved March 5, 2007
http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/annsum/.
3. MMWR Summaries of Notifiable Diseases. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Summaries, Centers for Disease Control.
Retrieved March 5, 2007 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/summary.html.
4. Update: Multistate Outbreak of Mumps --- United States, January 1--May 2, 2006 . Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, Volume
55, Number 20. Retrieved March 5, 2007 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm55d518a1.htm.
© 2007 The University of Utah. All Rights Reserved
Infectious Disease
157