Download Greek roots, praefixes, suffixes, clinical terms

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Latin Medical Terminology 2015/16 2nd semester
Systema cardiovasculare - Greek roots, praefixes, suffixes, clinical terms
Greek roots
vas, vasculum
angi/o-
vessel
cor
cardi/o-
heart
glandula
aden/o-
gland
sanguis
haem/o-, haemat/o-
blood
lympha
lymph/o-
lymph
my/o-
muscle
phleb/o-
vein
thromb/o-
blood clot
musculus
vena
Praefixes
a-, anbradyanti-/antdeendoepihyperhypoinintraischleukperisyn-/sym- /systachy-
without, absence
slow
against
down, without
inside
upon,
higher, over, too much
lower, below, under
not, without
inside, into
restricted
white
around
together
fast
Suffixes
-aemia
-algia
-cele / -kele
-ectasia
-ectomy
-gramm
-graph
-graphy
-itis
-lith
-logy
-malacia
-megaly
-oma
-osis
-pathia
-plasty
-plegia
-ptosis
-rhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhexis
-sclerosis
-scope
-scopy
-spasm
-stenosis
-tension/-tonia
-tomy
-uria
blood
pain
hernia, protrusion
widening
surgical removal
image made of sth
image making device
image making procedure
inflammation
stone
study of sth
softening
enlargement
tumor
disease condition
chronic disease
reconstruction surgery
paralysis
dropping, downward displacement
frofuse flow, bleeding
surgical suturing
rupture
hardening
instrument for examination
examination of sth
sudden contraction, cramp
narrowing
pressure
cutting, incision
condition of urine
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1. Fill in the blanks in the sentences with a prefix or its meaning.
In ventricular hypertrophy the size of the ventricle is _____________ than normal.
Hypertonia / hypertension means___________ blood pressure.
_______tonia / ______tension means too low blood pressure.
______stole is contraction of the heart.
The endocardium is the _________ layer of heart wall.
The epicardium is the layer of pericardium which is _________the heart muscle.
The ______cardium is the sac around the heart.
Endarteritis is the inflammation of the ________ layer of the wall of arteries.
Aplastic anaemia is ______ level of red blood cells due to __________ production of red cells.
In arrhythmia the patient’s heart rhythm is ___________ normal
___scending part of aorta is the down-going part of the aorta.
_________venous injection is given into the vein.
In tachycardia the heart beats ____________ than normal,
in _________cardia the hartbeat is slower than normal.
2. Inflammations
phlebitis
___________________________
vasculitis/angiitis
___________________________
______________________
inflammation of heart muscle
pericarditis
___________________________
______________________
inflammation of the inner lining of heart
lymphadenitis
___________________________
______________________
inflammation of lymph vessels
3. What do the following terms related to the heart mean?
cardialgia
cardiomyorrhaphy
cardiectasia
cardiomalacia
cardioplegia
cardiomegaly
cardiography
cardiomyopathy
cardiograph
cardiomyoplasty
cardiogramm
cardiorrhexis
cardiosclerosis
cardioptosis
cardiocele
cardiology
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4. Provide the suffix of the term based on the meaning.
angi_________
sudden contraction of the vessel
angi_________
narrowing of the vessel
angi_________
inflammation of the vessel
angi_________
surgical removal of the part of vessel
angi_________
tumor of vessels
angi_________
pain in the vessels
angi_________
widening of the vessels
angi_________
surgical suture of a vessel
angi_________
image making of vessels
angi_________
hardening of vessels
arteri_________
stone in artery
arteri_________
surgical incision of an artery
phleb_________
venous bleeding
phleb_________
widening of a vein
5. Match the condition of the blood with its meaning
1 anaemia
low level of sodium ions
2
hyperaemia
low level of blood volume in the body
3
hypercalcaemia
urine in the blood
4
hyperglykaemia
low level of potassium ions in the blood
5
cholaemia
local restriction of blood supply
6
bilirubinaemia
higher than normal calcium level of the blood
7
hypokalaemia
low level of red cells in the blood
8
hyponatraemia
bile in the blood
9
hypovolaemia
presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a part
10 leukaemia
neoplasm of the blood involving white cells
11 uraemia
bilirubin in the blood
12 ischaemia
high level of blood sugar
6. What do the suffixes and prefixes mean in the following terms?
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6. Match the pairs.
Latin term
1
2
3
4
5
6
cor pulmonale
extrasystole
regurgitation
haemangioma
atherosclerosis
thromboangiitis
obliterans
7 avascular necrosis
8 ecchymosis
9 claudication
10 hypertrophia
ventricu
11 ischaemia
12 aneurysma
English meaning
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
lameness or limping due to decrease in the blood supply to the legs
enlargement of the ventricle of the heart
decrease in the blood supply of a part or organ
widening of a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the wall of it
death of tissue because of the lack of blood supply through the blood vessels
inflammation of blood vessel resulting in formation of blood clot that blocks
the flow of blood
g) a heart disease resulting from a disorder in the pulmonary circulation
h) contraction of the heart out of normal rhythm, premature contraction
i) tumour consisting of blood vessels
j) form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substance deposit in and between the
layers of the lining of the arteries
k) outpouring of fluid (blood) under the skin
l) backflow of blood at the valves
7. Translate the term to English.
Latin term
1
collapse
2
haemorrhoid
3
angiography
4
congestive heart failure
5
angina pectoris
6
echocardiography
7
auscultation
8
acrocyanosis
9
coronary occlusion
10 thrombophlebitis
11 hypertension
12 palpitation
Meaning in English
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8. Give the Latin term based on the definition.
Latin term
English meaning
abnormal rhythm of heart contractions
slow heart rate
a ball of clotted blood that is carried within the bloodstream
inflammation of the arteries
inflammation of veins
death of a portion of heart muscle
heartbeat
a swelling because of accumulation of fluid outside of blood vessels
instrument for measuring of blood pressure by measuring the force of pulse
enlarged twisted veins
faster than normal heartbeats
widening of diameter of blood vessels
tumour or swelling that contains blood
narrowing of the diameter of the blood vessels
Case Study -- A 57-year-old female with endocarditis and brain abscess
Explain the highlighted keywords
Contributed by Isil Yildiz, MD and A. William Pasculle, Sc.D.
CLINICAL HISTORY
Chief Complaint
Fever.
History of Present Illness
This 57 year-old female patient, 23 months prior to her admission, was diagnosed with Streptococcus pyogenes
group septic arthritis, diagnosed by culture of synovial fluid at an outside hospital. She was started on
vancomycin, and later switched to penicillin, and gentamycin and had debridement of her right knee.
Subsequently, she developed blurry vision, due to bilateral endophthalmitis which was treated with
fluconazole and moxifloxacin and transferred to our hospital. Six blood cultures drawn over her stay in our
hospital were negative. However, she was noticed to have a new heart murmur, transesophogeal
echocardiogram (TEE) suggested a mitral valve vegetation and she underwent a mitral valve repair for
presumed mitral valve endocarditis with placement of an annuloplasty band. Routine, fungal and AFB cultures
of the vegetation showed no growth.
Six months after the surgery, she presented with worsening symptoms of shortness of breath and dyspnea on
exertion. An echocardiogram revealed severe mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension and moderate to
severe tricuspid regurgitation necessitating replacement of her mitral valve with a mechanical valve, nine
6
months after her first surgery. Two blood cultures drawn over her stay in our hospital were negative.
Histopathological evaluation of the mitral valve showed fibrosis, calcifications and chronic inflammation
suggesting old rheumatic valvular disease. No material was submitted for culture.
Thirteen months after the second surgery, she presented to her PCP with complaints of confusion, left-sided
weakness, and a left facial droop. Imaging studies at the outside hospital demonstrated a 2.8 x 2.6 x 3.1 cm
multiloculated, peripheral-enhancing, necrotic mass in right frontal lobe, thought to be consistent with
necrotic neoplasm or abscess. A stereotactic brain biopsy was done and preliminary gram stain was negative
for organisms. While in the operating room, a TEE was performed and showed echogenic densities consistent
with perivascular abscess and dehiscence surrounding the mitral valve. The patient was transferred to our
hospital for further management of recurrent endocarditis and right frontal lobe brain abscess. She was started
on vancomycin , ceftriaxone and gentamycin and vancomycin was stopped later.
Two weeks after admission to our facility , her mitral valve was replaced for the third time because of prosthetic
mitral valve endocarditis, 14 months after her second surgery. She was discharged after 8 days, but returned
three days later with an elevated body temperature of 103 F. Two blood cultures as well as routine and fungal
culture of the mitral valve vegetation were negative. Serologic studies and PCR for Bartonella sp., Coxiella, and
Lyme disease were all negative as was a Legionella urinary antigen test and serology for Legionella
pneumophila, serogroups 1-2,6 and 8. Histopathological evaluation of the mitral valve showed organizing
fibrinopurulent exudate and gram and GMS stains were negative for microorganisms.
Past Medical History
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Systemic lupus
Antiphospholipid syndrome.
Anticardiolipin antibodies
Hypothyroidism
Hypertension
At the present admission a transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a nondilated left ventricle with severely
hypokinetic basal posterior and overall preserved systolic function, tilting disc prothesis in the mitral position
with normal motion and function with no vegetations seen. A TEE, done a week after admission, demonstrated
a periprosthetic leak in the posterior lateral annular area with mitral regurgitation. and an increase in the
thickness of the perivalvular area consistent with periannular abscess. A repeat TEE six days later suggested
prosthetic mitral valve surrounded by inflammatory tissue and possible early abscess formation. Prosthesis did
not appear to be loose. Two distinct mobile echodensities suggestive of vegetations were seen.
Ten blood cultures drawn over this admission were negative.
The patient once again was taken to the OR despite negative cultures and no sign of infection, due to the
concern for the presence of an annular abscess. It was decided to proceed with early intervention of mitral
valve replacement and sternotomy for the fourth time, 4 weeks after the third surgery.
Fungal and bacterial cultures of the pericardial clot, pericardial patch and prosthetic mitral valve were negative.
Patient was started on gentamicin, cefepime and vancomycin. Vancomycin was later changed to daptomycin.
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Vocabulary 2 Cardiovascular system - Clinical terms
Latin term
English meaning
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
1 acrocyanosis
aneurysm
angina pectoris
angiography
arrhythmia
arteriosclerosis
arteritis
atherosclerosis
auscultation
avascular necrosis
bradycardia
cardiomegaly
cardiomyopathy
claudication
collapse
cor pulmonale
ecchymosis
echocardiography
embolus
endocarditis
extrasystole
fibrillation
haemangioma
haematoma
hypertension
ventricular hypertrophy
myocardial infarction
congestive heart failure
ischaemia
haemorrhoid
coronary occlusion
oedema
palpitation
phlebitis
pulse
regurgitation
sphygmomanometer
tachycardia
thrombophlebitis
thrombus
bluish tinge to the tips of the extremities
widening of a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the wall of it
strangling pain in the chest area
x-ray of a blood vessel with an injection of a radiopaque substance to the vessel
abnormal rhythm of heart contractions
hardening of the walls of the arteries
inflammation of the arteries
form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substance deposit in and between the layers of
the lining of the arteries
listening for heart sounds
death of tissue because of the lack of blood supply through the blood vessels
slow heart rate
enlargement of the heart
disease of the heart muscle
lameness or limping due to decrease in the blood supply to the legs
loss of consciousness because of disorder of peripheral circulation
a form of heart disease resulting from a disorder in the pulmonary circulation
outpouring of fluid (blood) under the skin
ultrasound examination of heart action
a ball of clotted blood that is carried within the bloodstream
inflammation of the lining of the heart
contraction of the heart out of normal rhythm, premature contraction
uncontrolled twitching of the fibers of heart muscles
tumour consisting of blood vessels
tumour or swelling that contains blood
high blood pressure
enlargement of the ventricle of the heart
death of a portion of heart muscle
the heart fails to pump blood adequately resulting in a backup of blood
decrease in the blood supply of a part or organ
dilated vein filled with blood at the anal sphincter
obstruction of the coronary artery
a swelling because of accumulation of fluid outside of blood vessels
awareness of an abnormally strong or an abnormally rapid heartbeat
inflammation of a vein
impact of the ejection of blood from left ventricle felt at superficial arteries
backflow of blood at the valves
instrument for measuring of blood pressure by measuring the force of pulse
faster than normal heartbeats
inflammation of veins that results in the formation of a blood clot
blood clot
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41 varicose vein
42 vasoconstriction
43 vasodilation
enlarged twisted veins
narrowing of the diameter of the blood vessels
widening of diameter of blood vessels