Download Cardio-respiratory system

FOUR COMPONENTS
1. Blood
2. Blood vessels
3. Lungs
4. Heart
BLOOD
• Blood provides your body with a
transport system for bringing in
oxygen and nutrients and
taking out wastes such as
lactic acid and carbon dioxide.
BLOOD VESSELS
Blood vessels are the pipes in which blood travels
around your body. There are three types:
1. Arteries  these carry blood from the heart (full
of oxygen to working muscles and organs)
2. Veins  carry blood to the heart (de-oxygenated)
3. Capillaries  provide a direct feed into joints,
muscles and other tissue.
LUNGS
• Provide the mechanism
for bringing oxygen into
the body and getting rid
of carbon dioxide.
HEART
• The heart is the pump unit that sends the blood around
the body, carrying oxygen.
• Your heart is about the size of your fist and without it,
oxygen and nutrients would not be able to reach your vital
organs. It sits in the middle of your chest and is protected
by a surrounding membrane, your ribs and sternum.
• Your heart is made up of cardiac muscle which is called the
myocardium.
• Inside your heart there are four chambers – two upper
chambers (atria) and two lower chambers (ventricles).
BLOOD FLOW IN THE HEART
• Blood is moved out of the heart
when the cardiac muscle contracts.
When the muscle relaxes, the heart
fills with blood from the veins.
• The contraction phase is called
systole and the relaxation phase is
called diastole.
LUNGS
•
•
-
Your lungs sit either side of your heart.
Their main functions are:
To get air into the body
To get oxygen into the blood
To remove carbon dioxide from the body
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
• At some point, the oxygen we breathe in needs to be transferred
to the blood and then the carbon dioxide needs to be removed
from the blood into the lungs to be breathed out. This exchange
takes place in the alveoli which are surrounded by a network of
capillaries.
• Oxygen passes from the alveoli and into the red blood cells in the
capillaries. The haemoglobin in the red blood cells combines with
the oxygen to for oxyhaemoglobin and this is transported to
muscles and organs.
• Carbon dioxide is the waste product of oxygen use and is carried
in the blood in the form of sodium bicarbonate. Enzymes break it
down into carbon dioxide and it passes from the blood into the
alveoli and breathed out via the lungs.
• This process of oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer is called
gaseous exchange.
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY
RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
• As soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells
increase their demand for oxygen. As exercise
continues there is also an increased need to
remove wastes such as carbon dioxide and lactic
acid.
• Immediately, your heart will beat faster and your
breathing rate will increase to try and meet this
demand.
SPECIFIC RESPONSES:
• Heart Rate (HR): increases to pump more
blood to the working muscles
• Stroke volume (SV): heart contractions are
stronger; heart moves more blood into your
body so SV will increase.
• Cardiac Output CO: CO=SV x HR, so if both
stroke volume and heart rate increase, cardiac
output will increase.
SPECIFIC RESPONSES CTD.
• Blood pressure (BP): Cardiac output influences blood pressure so
if CO increases, then BP will also increase (during exercise)
• Respiration rate (RR): The number or breaths you take per
minute will increase as you try to get more oxygen into your body
• Tidal Volume (TV) VO2: Increases during exercise. This is a
measure of the work being done by the body so it will increase
with exercise. How much is increases depends on the intensity of
the work being done.
• The distribution of blood in the body changes with exercise with
more blood being directed to the working muscles and away from
other areas.