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Topic 1.2.3: A HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE & YOUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The respiratory system
Tidal volume
Normal breathing in and out
Lung capacity
The total volume of air in your lungs after your biggest breath in
Vital capacity
The maximum you can forcibly breathe in and out
The alveoli
Small air sacs surrounded by capillaries where diffusion of oxygen and
carbon dioxide take place
Diffusion
The movement of oxygen from the lungs to the capillaries (on cell thick) and
carbon dioxide from the capillaries to the lungs to be breathed out
Immediate effects
Breathing quickens
Breathing deepens
Oxygen dept
To increase the amount of oxygen taken
into the lungs each breath
To increase the removal of
carbon dioxide
The extra amount of oxygen required after
anaerobic exercise, compared with the
amount normally needed when at rest
Increased tidal
volume
Long term effects
All of these adaptations means more oxygen can be provided to the working muscles and
therefore keep levels of performance of aerobic exercise high
Improved
efficiency of the
lungs
Which allows better delivery of oxygen to
the working muscles
Which means that the body
will be able to cope with the
demands of exercise
Number of alveoli
increases
This means more oxygen can be absorbed
by the capillaries and more carbon dioxide
can be taken from them
This increases VO2 max – the
maximum of oxygen you can
take in per minute
Capillarisation
There is an increase in the number of
blood vessels around the alveoli
So more oxygen can be
absorbed in the blood and be
delivered to the working
muscles (becomes more
efficient)
Increased vital
capacity
Increased lung
volume
Due to increased tidal volume and vital
capacity
The effects of Smoking
Potential diseases
Bronchitis, Emphysema, Lung cancer
Damages alveoli
The walls break down so less oxygen can be diffused into the capillaries
each breath (uptake not intake)
Increases blood
pressure
Effects on exercise
Less oxygen uptake means less oxygen to the working muscles therefore
less energy made. This means the performer becomes tired and unable to
perform to a high ability