Download English Grammar Practice Book.qxd (Page 3)

A Grammar
Practice Book
A Grammar Practice Book
Content
: Amar Ujala Education Books Authors’ Panel
Contribution
Mahesh Pareek, Jyoti Pareek
© Amar Ujala Publications Ltd.
Published by Amar Ujala Publications Ltd.
and printed at C-21, Sector 59, Noida - 201301 (U.P.)
Edition : 2016
Price : ` 250/ISBN : 978-93-82948-04-9
Due care and diligence has been taken while publishing this book.
However, the publisher does not hold any responsibility for any mistake
that may have inadvertently crept in. The publisher does not accept
responsibility for any loss arising out of the use of this book.
All rights reserved. Neither this publication nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
All disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of competent courts
and forums in Noida only.
Books consulted
1.
Advanced Grammar in Use: A Self-Study Reference and Practice
Book for Advanced Learners of English [Second edition] by
Martin Hewings
2.
Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises with
Answers by Simon Haines, Mark Nettle and Martin Hewings
3
How English Works: A Grammar Practice Book by Michael Swan
and Catherine Walter
4.
A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language [Second
edition] by Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and
Jan Svartvik
5.
A Communicative Grammar of English [Third edition], by
Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik
6
A University Grammar of English [Abridged] by Randolph Quirk
and Sidney Greenbaum
7.
An A-Z of English Grammar and Usage [Second edition] by
Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, Benita Cruickshank and Roz Ivanic
8.
The Elements of Style [Fourth Edition] by William Strunk Jr. and,
E. B. White
9.
Mortal Syntax: 101 Language Choices That Will Get You
Clobbered by the Grammar Snobs-Even If You're Right by June
Casagrande
10.
Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs by Rosemary Courtney
11
The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and
the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary by Simon Winchester
12.
Grammar Girl's 101 Words Every High School Graduate Needs
to Know by Mignon Fogarty
5
13.
How Not to Write: The Essential Misrules of Grammar by
William Safire
14.
English Grammar in Use With Answers: Reference and Practice
for Intermediate Students [Second edition] by Raymond Murphy
15.
The Only Grammar Book You'll Ever Need: A One-Stop Source
for Every Writing Assignment [Second edition] by Susan Thurman
and Larry Shea
16.
Practical English Usage [Third edition] by Michael Swan
17.
Guide to Patterns and Usage in English [Second edition] by Albert
Sydney Hornby
18
Analyzing English Grammar [Third edition] by Thomas P.
Klammer, Muriel R. Schulz and Angela Della Volpe
19.
Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English by Douglas
Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad and Edward
Finegan
20.
English Syntax: A Grammar for English Language Professionals
by Roderick A. Jacobs
21.
The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course [Second edition] by Marianne Celce-Murcia and Diane Larsen-Freeman
22.
An Introduction to Functional Grammar [Third edition] by
Michael Halliday and Christian Matthiessen
23.
The English Verb : An Exploration of Structure and Meaning by
Michael Lewis
24.
Living English Structure [Fifth edition] by William Stannard Allen
25.
A Practical English Grammar [Forth edition] by A. J. Thomson
and A. V. Martinet
6
Preface
There is no end in sight to the books on English grammar; nor
should there be till theoretical scholarship and actual practice are
more happily wedded. Written by scholarly grammarians, most of
the books on English grammar are addressed rather more to college/university students than to those who are preparing for different competitive examinations.
Needless to say, a book on English Grammar burdened with
hard words, abstruse thoughts and complex principles will be of
little help to young learners who are anxious to develop their skills
and get through their different competitive examinations. Pedantry
will be of no use to them in their grasping and assimilating the
facts of grammar. Moreover, it may develop in them a disaster of
learning.
And, therefore, the major object of this book is to be as practical as possible. It is an attempt to present grammatical facts as
simply, and to help learners to assimilate them as thoroughly as
possible. And, thus, to do away with their confusing difficulties.
This is followed by varied examination-oriented, task based, communicative and interactive exercises which give learners the
opportunity to consolidate what they have learnt.
Our aim has been to make a grammar of as wide a scope as is
consistent with the syllabi of the most of the competitive examinations. The book covers all the key elements included in the
grammar syllabus of the standard competitive examinations and
also many topics which are often ignored.
We have endeavoured to attain two objects- to cultivate mental
skill and power to the learner, and to bring him/her through the
material having no bearing on or no connection with the subject
matter of these examinations. Detailed explanations and grammar
detective exercises given in the book make the learning and practising of grammar both a pleasure and a challenge.
We are not supposed to claim that our project is absolutely free
from errors and oversights. For any flow that might have crept in,
we would gratefully welcome the comments and suggestions.
7
CONTENTS
1. NOUNS..................................... 12
The objective case
Possessive personal pronouns
Possessive adjectives
Possessive pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns
Relative pronouns
Proper nouns
Countable nouns
The formation of plurals
Singular Countable Nouns
Determiners (A and The)
Plural Countable Nouns
The absence of a determiner before plural
countable nouns
The use of The before plural countable
nouns
The use of The with proper nouns
Uncountable Nouns
Nouns used only in the plural
The absence of a determiner before uncountable nouns
The use of The before uncountable nouns
The use of uncountable nouns to refer to
individual things
Nouns which can be either countable or
uncountable
Infinitives used in the place of nouns
Gerunds
Specific verbs followed by infinitives and
gerunds
Nouns Indicating Possession and Compound
Subjects
Agreement of verbs with collective nouns
and compound subjects
3. DETERMINERS....................... 84
Determiners used to refer to groups of two
persons or things
Determiners used as singular or plural pronouns
The use of All, Both and Each
The use of No, None and Not
The use of Some and Any
The use of Another, Other, Others and Else
The use of Only
The use of Few, Little and Several
The expressions Such ... That, So ... That,
and Too
4. ADJECTIVES..........................102
Position of Adjective in a Sentence
Proper adjectives
Attributive adjectives
Determiners
General descriptive adjectives
Adjectives indicating colour
Adjectives indicating materials
The position of proper adjectives
2. PRONOUNS............................ 48
Personal Pronouns
Agreement of personal pronouns with their
antecedents
Special uses of It
8
A Grammar Practice Book
6. PREPOSITIONS................... 190
Defining adjectives
Ordinal adjectives
Punctuation used with attributive adjectives
Stress used with attributive adjectives
Predicate adjectives
Interpolated adjectives
Adjectival phrases and clauses
Participles used as adjectives
Adjectives used in comparisions
Positive forms of adjectives preceded and
followed by As
Comparative and superlative forms of
adjectives which use endings
Progressive comparisons
Superlative forms of adjectives which use
endings
Comparative and superlative forms of
adjectives which do not use endings
The use of More
The use of Less
The adjectives Many, Much, Few and Little
used to compare quantities
Making logical comparisons
The meanings of prepositions
Prepositions used in idioms
Nouns followed by prepositions
Adjectives and verbs in the passive voice
followed by prepositions
Verbs followed by prepositions
7. TRANSITIVE AND
INTRANSITIVE VERBS..... 215
To Lay and To Lie
To Raise and To Rise
Lay and Lie, Raise and Rise, and Set and Sit
Indirect objects
8. PHRASAL VERBS.............. 222
Verbs Followed by Prepositions
Verbs followed by Objects followed by
Prepositions
Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed
by an adverb
Verbs followed by Adverbs followed by
Noun Objects
Ergative Phrasal Verbs
Distinguishing between verbs followed by
prepositions and verbs followed by adverbs
Adverb phrases of location compared with
phrasal verbs followed by objects
Words used as prepositions or adverbs
Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed
by a word which may function either as an
adverb or as a preposition
Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed
by an adverb followed by a preposition
Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed
by a word which may function either as an
adverb or as a preposition
Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed
by an adverb followed by a preposition
Verbs followed by Objects followed by
Adverbs followed by Prepositions
5. ADVERBS............................... 159
Position of Adverbs in a Sentence
Intensifiers
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of manner
Connecting adverbs
Adverb phrases and clauses of purpose
Adverbs of location
There used as an introductory word
Negative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of manner
The differing functions of adjectives and
adverbs
Adverbs used in comparisons
9
A Grammar Practice Book
9. CONJUNCTIONS................ 248
11. CLAUSES............................. 323
Coordinate conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions
Subordinate conjunctions
Connecting adverbs
Parallel construction
Coordinate clauses
Subordinate clauses
12. SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND
COMPLEX SENTENCES.... 326
13. THE SUBJUNCTIVES......... 330
10. TENSES................................ 260
Formal commands and requests
Wishes
Conditions which are false or improbable
The Imperative Mood
The Simple Present
The Simple Present of the Verb to Be
Tag questions
The Simple Present of Verbs other than the
Verb to Be
Spelling rules for adding s in the third person singular
The Present Continuous
Spelling rules for the formation of the present participle
Comparison of the uses of the simple present
and present continuous
The Present Perfect
Spelling rules for adding ed to form the past
participle
The Present Perfect Continuous
The Simple Past
The Simple Past of the verb To Be
The Simple Past of Verbs other than the Verb
to Be
The simple past of To Use followed by an
infinitive
The Past Continuous
The past continuous of To Go followed by
an infinitive
The Past Perfect
The Past Perfect Continuous
Emphatic statements
The Simple Future
The Future Continuous
The Future Perfect
The Future Perfect Continuous
14. MODAL VERBS ................. 347
Formation of the modal conjugations
Relationships among the modal auxiliaries
Would
Can and Could
May, Might and Must
Should
Expressions which are synonymous with
the modal auxiliaries
15. TAG QUESTIONS, SHORT
ANSWERS AND ELLIPSIS... 372
16. THE PASSIVE VOICE......... 378
Questions and negative statements
Negative questions
Changing the voice of a verb while preserving the meaning of a sentence
Changing the voice of a verb which takes
both a direct object and an indirect object
17. DIRECT AND INDIRECT
SPEECH .............................. 394
Declarative Sentences
Interrogative Sentences
Imperative Sentences
Optative Sentences
Exclamatory Sentences
10