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Research Article Journal homepage: http://www.ijpsl.com ISSN:2277-4564 Anu Chaudhary et al /International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Letters 2015 Vol. 5 (2)| 539-545 Madhuca Indica J. F. Gmel. (Sapotaceae): An Overview Anu Chaudhary*1, Anil Bhandari2, A.Pandurangan3, Sameksha Koul1 1 Department of Pharmacy Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur, By-Pass road, Meerut-250103, India 2 Jodhpur pharmacy college, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, 3M.M.College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 ABSTRACT The plant Madhuca indica (M. indica) belonging to family Sapotaceae has great importance in Ayurvedic, Sidhha and Unani systems of traditional medicine. Thorough screening of literature available on M. indica depicted the fact that it is a popular remedy among the various ethnic groups, Ayurvedic and traditional practitioners for treatment of various ailments. Extensive studies show presence of fatty acids, sapogenins, sugars, triterpenoids steroids, saponins, Flavonoids and glycosides. M. indica is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antihyperglycaemic activity, antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities. This work gives an overview of the phytochemical and pharmacological evidence of M. indica. Although more studies are necessary to explore the therapeutic potential of this plant as, it has more therapeutic properties which are not known. activities, and highlight their potentials as candidates for new drugs that may be of value in the treatment and prevention of human diseases. Botanical Description Madhuca indica is ever green or semi ever green tree. It attains height up to 70 ft. The tree matures and starts bearing 8 to 15 years, and fruits upto 60 years. Leaves are 10-30 centemeter long. Leaves are thick and leathery most of leaves pointed at the tip. Flowers are small and fleshy. flowers are dull or pale white in colour. Fruits:-in size fruits arec 2 – 6 centemeter long, fleshy and greenish [6,7]. Every part of any plant posses some medicinal properties, either in small of large proportion. The plant consist of several parts, they may be classified according to the function. They are root, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, oil [8]. Traditional Uses The Literature reveals that various parts of this plant are used as stimulants, demulcents, emollients, heating and astringents. The bark is a good remedy for itching, swellings, fractures and snake bites, as well as for diabetes mellitus. Mahua oil is used for the treatment of skin diseases, rheumatism, headache and as a laxative. Fruits are astringent and largely employed as a lotion for chronic ulcers, in acute and chronic tonsillitis, and in pharyngitis [5,9]. Habitat and Synonym Key words: Madhuca indica, antioxidant activity, an- Madhuca, a large evergreen tree found in South India, and evergreen forests of the Western ghats from Konkan timicrobial activity, hepatoprotective activity. Southwards. The tree is planted in most part of India, Received 25 January 2015; accepted 24 February 2015; propagating either by itself or sown seeds [10]. In India there is all type of climatic condition for better propaga*Corresponding Author: Ms. Anu Chaudhary tion and cultivation, which varies from hot to cold, humid 1 Department of Pharmacy Bharat Institute of Technolto dry as we go in different part in India [11]. This plant ogy, Partapur, By-Pass road, Meerut-250103, India can be cultivated or self sown [12]. Flowering of this meEmail: [email protected] dium sized tree take place during the season of March to April, in every years. Copyright ©2011 Published by IJPSL. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION Plants have great potential uses, especially as traditional medicine and pharmacopoeial drugs. A large proportion of the world’s population depends on traditional medicine because of the scarcity and high costs of orthodox medicine [1]. Medicinal plants have provided the modern medicine with numerous plant derived therapeutic agents [2]. Many plants contain a variety of phytopharmaceuticals, which have very important applications in the fields of agriculture, human and veterinary medicine. Natural products play a dominant role in the development of novel drug leads for the treatment and prevention of diseases [3]. The need to screen plants for pharmaceuticals is particularly urgent in the light of rapid deforestation and the concurrent loss of biodiversity throughout the world. It is very important to have sufficient knowledge regarding herbs not only because of their wide spread uses, but also because they have the potentials to cause reactions or interact with other drugs [4]. Madhuca indica Syn. Madhuca latifolia (Sapotaceae), commonly known as ‘mahua’ in the India, is an important economic plant growing throughout the subtropical region of the IndoPak subcontinent [5]. The aim of the present paper were to review the botanical description, distribution, phytochemistry of Cassia sophera and their biological Anu Chaudhary et al /International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Letters 2015 Vol. 5 (2)| 539-545 PHYTOCHEMISTRY Extensive studies have been carried out on M. indica. A number of triterpenoids including α- amyrin acetate (I), β-amyrin acetate (II), 3β-monocaprylic ester of erythrodiol (III), 3β-capryloxy oleanolic acid (IV) and 3β-capryloxy oleanolic acetate (V) from the mesocarp of Madhuca indica fruit. The other constituents isolated and characterized are n-hexacosanol (VI), β-D-glucoside of β-sitosterol (VI) and free β-sitosterol (VII). The nutshell extract yielded β-D-glucoside of β-sitosterol, quercetin (VIII) and dihydroquercetin (IX) [15]. Two saponins A and B have been isolated from the defatted seeds of Madhuca indica. The structure of saponin A has been elucidated as 2,3-di-O-glucopyranoside of bassic acid and that of saponin B as rhamnopyranosyl 1→4 xylopyranosyl 1→2 arabopyranosyl 1→ OOC of saponin A [16]. Madhucosides A (X) and B,isolated from the bark of Madhuca indica and were established as 3-O-β-Dapiofuranosyl(1→2)-β-D -glucopyranosyl-28-O-{β-D xylopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl(1→ 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-Larabinopyranosyl}protobassic acid and 3-O-β-Dapiofuranosyl(1→2)-β-D -glucopyranosyl-28-O-{β-D xylopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-Larabinopyranosyl}protobassic acid, respectively [17]. Three new compounds, the triterpenoid madhucic acid (=3β-(octanoyloxy)-11-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid; XI), the untypical isoflavone madhushazone (=9-methoxy-7(2,3,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g][1] benzopyran-8(8H)-one; XII), and a bis(isoflavone) named madhusalmone (=5,14-dimethoxy-3,12-bis(3,4,5trimethoxyphenyl)-1,6,8,10,15,17-hexaoxanaphtho[2′,3′: 6,7]cyclodeca[1,2-b]naphthalene-4,13(4H,13H)-dione; XIII), as well as eight known constituents from the fruit coats of the medicinal plant Madhuca indica and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis, including 2D-NMR techniques [18]. A new isoflavone, 3′,4′-dihydroxy-5,2′-dimethoxy-6,7methylendioxy isoflavone (XIV), from the Madhuca indica fruit coatings. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence [19]. H 3C CH3 CH3 CH 3 H 3C H O H CH 3 CH 2 H CH 3 O CH 3 O H H 3C H 3C CH 3 3β-capryloxy oleanolic acid (IV) CH 3 H 3C H OH H CH 2 H CH 3 O CH 3 O H 3C H CH 3 H 3C 3β-capryloxy oleanolic acetate (V) OH H3C n-hexacosanol (VI) CH3 CH3 H 3C CH3 H 3C H HO CH3 H H H O O OH HO H OH β-D-glucoside of β-sitosterol (VI) H C H C H 3 H H O H 3 3 C H C 3 H 3 O H C H 3 H C C H 3 H 3C CH3 CH3 CH 3 CH3 H CH3 CH β-sitosterol (VII) H CH3 OH CH3 3 AcO AcO H 3C CH H 3C 3 α- amyrin acetate (I) β-amyrin acetate (II) C H C H 3 3 C C H O 3 C H 3 C C H HO O O OH O H OH O OH OH O 3 H C H HO 3 H 3 O H OH CH3 H H OH OH 3 Monocaprylic ester of erythrodiol (III) Quercetin (VIII) Dihydroquercetin (IX) 540 Anu Chaudhary et al /International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Letters 2015 Vol. 5 (2)| 539-545 Madhucoside A (X) H 3C CH3 O CH3 H H 3 C(H 2 C) 6 H CH3 O COOH CH3 O H 3C CH3 Madhucic acid (XI) O O OCH3 OCH3 O O H3CO H3CO Madhucic acid (XII) H3CO H3CO O O OCH3 O O OCH3 H3CO O O O O H3CO H3CO Madhusamalone (XIII) O O OCH 3 OH O H 3 CO O OH 3′,4′-dihydroxy-5,2′-dimethoxy-6,7-methylendioxy isoflavone (XIV) Figure 1: Phytochemical Constituents isolated from M. Indica PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES Although a lot of pharmacological investigations have been carried out based on the ingredients present but a lot more can still be explored, exploited and utilized. A summary of the findings of these is presented below: In vitro antioxidant activity: The methanol and aqueous extracts of bark of M. Indica were studied for antioxidant potential by using DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Methanol and aqueous extract significantly inhibited the DPPH free radical at the concentrations ranging from 25 -150 µg/ml showed highest inhibition i.e. 81.70% and 57.38% at 25 and 150 µg/ml respectively. Methanol and aqueous extract of M. Indica also showed significant reductive ability [20]. Ethanolic extract of bark of Madhuca indica was screened for free radical scavenging effects at various concentrations (100, 300 and 500 μg/ml) by superoxide free radical scavenging activity and DPPH free radical scavenging method. The extract was able to reduce the stable radical DPPH to the yellow coloured diphenylpicrylhydrazine, it was also found to be an efficient scavenger of superoxide anions – generated by the phenazin methosulfate (PMS) / nicotinamid-adenindinucleotide, reduced form (NADH) system – was detected within by the reaction with chloride of 2,2’-di-pnitrophenyl)- 5,5’-diphenyl-(3,3’-dimethoxy-4,4’difphenylene) ditetrazolium chloride (nitro blue tetrazolium – NBT) in-vitro and their activity are in comparable to that of ascorbic acid and Butylated hydroxyl toluene [21]. Aq. and acetone extract of Madhuca indica Leaf were evaluated for SOD and Peroxidase activity, Catalase and ascorbate oxidase activity. Among the two extracts of Madhuca indica, the highest activity of Catalase was observed in Acetone extract (0.767 units/mg protein) and lowest in aqueous extract (0.0127 units/mg proteins). The Peroxidase activity was observed to be low in aqueous extract (1.22X103units/mg proteins), while the activity again increased in acetone extract of Madhuca indica (2.5 X 106). The ascorbate oxidase activity was same for both acetone and aqueous extract [22]. DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation, and total phenolic content assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the methanolic bark extract of Madhuca indica. The extract showed a significant dosedependent free radical scavenging activity in all the models. The extract showed the presence of high phenolic content corresponding to 98.48 µg equivalent of gallic acid and the antioxidant activity could be attributed to this [23]. Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of leaf and bark of Madhuca indica was assessed by means of DPPH free radical scavenging method where ascorbic 541 Anu Chaudhary et al /International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Letters 2015 Vol. 5 (2)| 539-545 acid was used as standard with IC50 value 45.738µg/ml. Leaves and barks of Madhuca indica showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value 61.832 µg/ml & 66.342 µg/ml respectively. The phenolic content was found in leaf 62.43mg of GAE / gm of extractives and the amount of phenolic content was 61.08mg of GAE / gm of extractives for bark which correlated with good antioxidant potentiality [24]. Antioxidant study of methanolic extract of Madhuca indica flowers was carried out to evaluate the free radicals scavenging effect of flower extract. The Total antioxidant activity of flower extract was found to be 0.29±0.02 mM Ascorbic acid/mg extract of Mahua flowers. Extract showed the potent antioxidant activity. The Ferric reducing antioxidant power of extract was very potent and it increases as the quantity of sample increases [25]. Anti Microbial activity Ethanolic extract of Madhuca indica bark at concentration of 100 mg/ml was found to be most effective against Staphylococcus aureus followed by Bacillus subtilis whereas in case of Gram negative bacteria, extract was found to be most effective against Escherichia coli followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanolic extract of M. indica did not showed any activity against C. Albicans [21]. Aq. and acetone extract of Madhuca indica Leaf were evaluated for antibacterial activity. Acetone leaf extract of Madhuca indica showed significant antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from urine samples of diabetic patients i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E.coli while aqueous extract showed very small zone of inhibition against these bacteria. This study suggested that medicinal plant extracts possess some of the compounds with antibacterial properties that can be used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases such as diabetes [22]. In vitro antibacterial screening of the methanolic extracts of leaf and bark of Madhuca indica was carried out by Disc diffusion technique using kanamycin as standard. Zone of inhibition was observed in disc diffusion against four gram-positive and eight gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The leaf and bark extracts showed average zone of inhibition ranged from 7-10 mm. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed 10 mm against Bacillus megaterium, Salmonella paratyphi,Vibrio parahemolyticus for barks and Vibrio mimicus for leaves [24]. The different organic extracts of the dried inner bark of Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (Family - Sapotaceae) was investigated for its possible antibacterial activity against four human pathogenic bacterial strains. The plant extracts were evaluated against some gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli was carried out by the disk diffusion technique. Among all the extracts the methanolic extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against most of the tested microbes. The most susceptible microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (24 mm zone of inhibition in methanolic extract) followed by Bacillus subtilis (20 mm zone of inhibition in methanolic extract) again followed by Escherichia coli (15 mm zone of inhibition in methanolic extract) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (10 mm zone of inhibition in methanolic extract) [26]. Anti microbial activity of methanolic extract and aqueous extracts of Madhuca indica was screened by agar well diffusion method. The results revealed that the methanolic extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity of concentration of 100-500 µg/ml respectively against tested organisms, particularly more effective against gram +ve bacteria staphylococcus aureus and gram –ve bacteria Escherichia coli than the aqueous extract when compared to the standard drug (ampicillin) [27]. Antinociceptive and Antidiarrhoeal Activities Ethanolic extract of the dried bark of Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (Family - Sapotaceae) were evaluated for its possible antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities in animal models. The extract produced significant (P<0.001) writhing inhibition in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. The extract also showed antidiarrhoeal activity on castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice, it increased mean latent period and decreased the frequency of defecation significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01) at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight comparable to the standard drug Loperamide at the dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight [28]. Antiulcer Activity Investigation was carried out to study the antiulcer activity of various doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) of methanolic extract of Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel, using the pylorus ligation, ethanol-induced and naproxeninduced gastric ulcer models in rats. In pylorus ligation, the extract provided significant ulcer protective effect as evinced through significant increase in gastric pH and mucin content of the stomach along with reduction in total acidity and pepsin activity. Also, mucin content of stomach was significantly increased in ethanol induced ulcer. Moreover, ulcerated area was reduced significantly in all three models. It is concluded that methanolic extract of Madhuca indica leaves possesses antiulcer activity which can be attributed to its ability to increase the protective layer of mucin and decrease the damaging and or digestive effects of pepsin and acid [29]. Anti ulcer activity of ethanolic extract and crude alkaloid extract of M. Indica seed cake on albino rats were 542 Anu Chaudhary et al /International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Letters 2015 Vol. 5 (2)| 539-545 carried out. The study showed that only ethanolic extract exhibited a significant anti ulcer activity [30]. Antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of Madhuca indica (M. indica) J. F. Gmel leaves in rats were evaluated. Aqueous extract of M. indica J.F. Gmel leaves was tested at the dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. against naproxen (30 mg/kg, p.o) induced gastric ulcer. Omeprazole (30 mg kg, p.o.) was used as a positive standard. Ulcerated area was measured by Image J software. Various antioxidant parameter like SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO, NO and histamine were also determined. After 4 week treatment period, aqueous extract of plant of M. indica at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. (P <0.01, P <0.001) showed significant reduction in ulcerated area and ulcer index as compared to control group. Omeprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was more effective in reducing ulcerated area after 30 days treatment period. In addition, SOD, GSH, NO significantly increased; MDA, MPO content significantly lowered when compared with control group. Histamine content didn’t show any significant change at all the three doses. These findings suggested that aqueous extract of M. indica J.F. Gmel leaves was effective in gastric ulcer protection [31]. Investigation of gastric Ulcer protective effect of ethanolic extract of Madhuca latifolia (Roxb.) bark (MLE) and aqueous extract of Madhuca latifolia (Roxb.) bark (MLA) was carried out in aspirin induced gastric ulcer in wistar rats. The oral administration (400 mg/kg) of MLE & MLA extract reduced the ulcer index and prevents the development of gastric lesions by 76.57% and 81.14% (% of protection), respectively [32]. Antihyperglycaemiv Activity Methanolic bark extract of Madhuca indica has shown significant anti diabetic activity against streptozotocin and streptozotocin – nicotinamide induced diabetic models in wistar rats. Methanolic extract of Madhuca indica have significantly decreased the serum glucose level in streptozotocin and STZ-NIC induced diabetic rats [33]. Antihyperglycaemic potential of methanolic bark extract of Madhuca indica was assesed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. A dose of 300 mg/Kg of methanolic extract showed maximum glucose lowering effect, whereas 150 mg/Kg of methanolic extract showed a significant hypoglycaemic effect throughout the study period [34]. Hypoglycaemic potential of ethanolic extract and crude alkaloid extract of M. Indica seed cake on albino rats were studied. The study showed that ethanolic extract had a significant dose dependent hypoglycaemic activity [35]. Antihyperglycaemic activity studies were conducted by oral glucose tolerance tests in glucose-loaded Swissalbino mice with crude methanol extract of leaves of Madhuca indica. The leaf extract of Madhuca indica, when administered to mice at dose levels of 50, 100, - 250, and 500 mg/kg bodyweight demonstrated dosedependent and significant reductions in serum glucose levels at the three higher doses. Serum glucose levels were reduced by 22.2, 25.8, and 36.3%, respectively, at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg extract/kg body weight. In comparison, the standard antihyperglycaemic drug, glibenclamide, reduced serum glucose levels by 35.9%, which is approximately equivalent to that obtained with the highest dose of Madhuca indica leaf extract [36]. Anti-Diabetic Effects of aq. and ethanolic extracts of Madhuca indica Roxb., was evaluated in AlloxanInduced Diabetic rats. The present study reports for the first time that Madhuca indica aqueous extract (MIAE) possesses more antidiabetic activity than ethanol extract of Madhuca indica (MIEE). Administration of (MIAE) exhibited significant reduction in serum glucose levels in both single dose one day and multiple-dose 15 day study in alloxan-induced diabetic studies. Whereas MIAE showed significant reduction in serum glucose levels in single-dose one day study. These experimental protocols substantiate the antidiabetic activity of title plant. Exogenously administered glucose (2 g/kg) to diabetic animals exhibited higher glucose levels with increased AUC. These data suggested that these diabetic rats resembling type-I or severe diabetic conditions in which a maximum pancreatic -cell damage occurred. Treatment of Madhuca indica ethanolic Extract (MIEE) and MIAE exhibited improved glucose tolerance and also increases in insulin levels in response to exogenously administered glucose. The efficacy of these extracts were comparable to standard glibenclamide, and could be mediated by improving the glycemic control mechanisms and -cellsbinsulin secretion from remnant pancreatic and/or extra pancreatic pathways may be in act [37]. Anti inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities Anti inflammatory action of ethanolic extract and crude alkaloid extract of M. Indica seed cake on albino rats were studied. The study showed that ethanolic extract and crude alkaloid extract exhibited a significant anti inflammatory activity. Both the extracts possess dose dependent inhibitory activity on carrageenan induced edema, inhibiting prostaglandins or mediators involved in prostaglandins syntheses, the second phase of inflammation [35]. The crude methanolic extract of Madhuca indica at 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight were evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in male wistar rats. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by using carrageenan induced oedema right hind paw volume while the analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced abdominal pains i.e., nociception response. The brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia model was used for antipyretic investigation. The extract at all the doses used and the indomethacin significantly inhibited carrageenan induced inflammation in a manner that 543 Anu Chaudhary et al /International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Letters 2015 Vol. 5 (2)| 539-545 was not dose dependent. The extract reduced the acetic acid induced pain licking. While the 50 and 100 mg kg1 body weight of the extract reduced the brewer’s yeast provoked elevated body temperature in rats after 60 min that of 200 mg kg-1 body weight manifested from 30 min. The results suggest a potential benefit of M. indica methanolic extract in treating conditions associated with inflammation, pain and fever. These properties might be adduced to the presence of the phytoconstituents [38]. The Leaves extract of Madhuca indica Linn. obtained by cold extraction of mixture of equal proportions of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol was selected for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. In rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan, the extract at the 400 mg/kg dose level showed 36.68% (p <0.001) inhibition of edema volume at the end of 4h. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract at the 200 and 400 mg/ kg dose level showed 39.9 % and 52.4 % inhibition of writhing, respectively. In radiant heat tail-flick method the crude extract produced 40.74% (p <0.001) and 61.48% (p <0.001) elongation of tail flicking time 30 minutes after oral administration at the 200 and 400 mg/ kg dose level, respectively [39]. Hepatoprotective The methanol extracts of M. indica bark studied for hepatoprotective activity against albino rats with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). It was found that the methanol extract of M.indica at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight exhibited moderate protective effect by lowering the serum levels of Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum bilirubin and Serum alkaline phosphate (SALP) to a significant extent [35]. Cytotoxic activity The cytotoxic activities of methanolic extracts of leaf and bark of Madhuca indica were determined using Brine shrimp lethality using Vincristine sulfate as standard with LC50 of 8.84µg/ml hence the crude extracts of leaves and barks showed significant cytotoxicity with LC50 of 17.09µg/ml and 45.96 µg/ml respectively [24]. Cytotoxic potential of methanol extract of Madhuca indica flowers was evaluated on chicken liver cell line through cell viability assay. The extract showed the potent cytotoxic effect on liver cells. Further studies can be done on its cytotoxic effect on cancerous line along isolation of bioactive compound [40]. CONCLUSION The above collected information regarding M. indica matches with the available literature. Natural products from folk remedies have contributed significantly in the discovery of modern drugs and can be an alternative source for the discovery of novel structures with better safety and atural compounds, especially of plant origin received much attention in recent years as they are well tested for their efficacy and generally believed to be safe for human use. It is best classical approach in the search of new molecules for management of various diseases. Thorough screening of literature available on W. cinensis depicted the fact that it is a popular remedy among the various ethnic groups, Ayurvedic and traditional practitioners for treatment of various ailments. 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