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Review Article ISSN: 0974-6943 V. M. Jadhav et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(8),1208-1211 Available online through www.jpronline.info Herbal anxiolyte : Nardostachys jatamansi V.M. Jadhav*, R. M.Thorat, V.J. Kadam and S.S. Kamble *Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector 08, CBD Belapur, NaviMumbai – 400614, India Received on 25-04-2009; Accepted on: 10-07-2009 ABSTRACT Anxiety is an central nervous system disorder. It is an emotional state, unpleasant in nature, associated with uneasiness, discomfort and concern or fear about some defined or undefined future threat. However, number of medicinal plant preparations have been advocated in traditional system of medicine, especially in Ayurveda for treating Anxiety. “ World Health Organization” has recommended that traditional health and folk medicine systems are proved to be more effective in health problems worldwide. Nardostachys Jatamansi is certain to emerge in the near future as a major player in the growing field of herbal supplements and medicines both in daily self-care and in professionally managed health care system.The principal constituents of Nardostachys Jatamansi are volatile essential oil [0.5-2%] contain Jatamansone, Sesquiterpenoid [0.0 2-0.1%], Spirojatamol, patchouli alcohol, Jatamol A and B, Jatamansic acid, nardostachone , nardol and other constituents are resin, sugar, starch, bitter extractive matter and gum. All the parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi and chemical constituents are used as antiseptic, anticonvulsant , antispasmodic , antibacterial, antipyretic, antifungal, antidote, antiemetic, analgesic, anxiety. This article highlights some of the chief constituents and their biological activities and uses of various parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi. Keywords: Anxiety, Chemical Composition, Biological activity, Parts of Nardostachys jatamansi INTRODUCTION Anxiety is an emotional state, unpleasant in nature, associated with uneasiness, discomfort and concern or fear about some defined or undefined future threat. Some degree of anxiety is a part of normal life. Treatment is needed when it is disproportionate to the situation and excessive.1 Nordostachys Jatmansi is identified by botanists primarity as dried rhizome belonging to the family Valerianaceae. It is an erect perennial herb, 10-60m high with long stout , woody rootstock found in the alpine Himalayas from Punjab to Sikkim and Bhutan at altitude of 3,000-5,000m. Nordostachys Jatamansi is an natural antianxiety drug which are aimed to control the symptoms of anxiety, produce a restful state of mind without interfering with normal mental or physical function Nordostachys Jatamansi differ markedly from antipsychotics and more closely resemble Sedative- Hypnotics. They :1. Have no therapeutic effect to control thought disorder of schizophrenia. 2. Do not produce extrapyramidal side effects. 3. Have anticonvulsant property. 4. Produce physical dependance and carry abuse liability. Nardostachys Jatamansi has been traditionally employed in treatment of a wide range of disorders including nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system and skin disorders. Externally it is used in the form of paste. It is used in burning skin. It improves the complexion and is antipyretic. .It is effective in many skin disorders. Its fine powder is used in excessive sweating and reducing foul smell of sweat. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Nardostachys Jatamansi : The chemical composition of Nardostachys Jatamansi is highly complex containing volatile essential oil and other biological active compounds .Although all parts including roots and rhizomes have significant and differing medicinal properties. The principle compound Jatamansone obtained from the rhizomes. Table 1 shows that chemical constituents present in the parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi Table 1 :- Chemical constituents of parts of Nordostachys Jatamansi *Corresponding author. Dr. (Mrs.) Varsha M. Jadhav HOD and Professor Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai. Tel.: + 91-(022) 27722919, 09869046618 Telefax: +91-(022) 27722919 E-mail: [email protected] 2. Sr. No. Parts 1. Rhizomes and Roots Rhizomes 3. 4. Chemical Constituents Volatile essential oil (0.5%) (Oleum Jatamansi), resin, sugar, starch, gum, bitter extractive matter. 2 Jatamansone, Sesquiterpene, Seychellene, Seychelane, ß- sitosterol. 3,4 Roots Valeranone, valeranal, nardone, calarenol, nardostechone,n- hexacosanyl arachidate, 8 n-hexaconsanol, calarene, n- hexacosane, n- hexacosanyl isovalerate, ß - sitosterol 5-7, norseychelanone, seychellen, patchouli alcohol, a and ß – patchoulenese. Oil of Roots Terpenic coumarins, oroselol, jatamansin 9, hydrocarbons, ß - eudesmol, elemol, ß - sitosterol, angelicin, jatamansinol. 10 Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 7.August 2009 1208-1211 V. M. Jadhav et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(8),1208-1211 CONCLUSION Biological activities of chemical constituents of Nardostachys Ayurveda is one of such inherited tradition of health and lonJatamansi are given in Table 2. gevity. Anxiety is a commonest central nervous disorder affects pepole Table 2 :- Biological activities of Chemical constituents of world wide. Indigenous folk medicines, Nordostachys Jatamansi have Nardostachys Jatamansi been used generally in their natural forms ( fresh Juice, paste or dry powder ). These include both inoganic and organic constituents of Sr. Chemical Biological the concerned herbs. Those agents can be scientifically evaluated by No. Constituents Activities 1. Jatamansone Tranquillizing hypothermic, using animal model to find out such a novel Anti-anxiety agent which Antiemetic11, reduce aggressiveness . may be able to cure this disease. Restlessness , Stubbornness , REFERENCES : Insomnia12 , Anticonvulsant13 2. Essential oil 3. Alkaloidal fraction from root and rhizome Hypotensive action in dogs14, Antimicrobial15 Hypotensive action in dogs16 2. Biological activities of parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi are shown in Table 3 Table 3 : Biological activity of parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi Sr.no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. Activity / uses Antianxiety, Antispasmodic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Nerve Sedative, Nerve Stimulant, Bitter Tonic, Carminative, Deobstruent, Promotes appetite and digestion, Aromatic adjunct 17-18 Extracts of roots Antianxiety, Sedative, Hypotensive19, Antibacterial20, Laxative, Abdominal distension, Abdominal pain, Liver enlargement, Jaundice, , Cardiac Depressant, Cough, Dyspnoea, Infertility Dysmenorrhoea, Uterine Inflammation, skin Disorders, Antipyretic, Brain Tonic, Convulsion,Pain, Epilepsy, Hysteria, Syncope21 Infusion of roots Antianxiety, Treatment of Spasmodic hysterical affections, Palpitation of the heart, Nervousheadache, Flatulence, Jaundice, Leprosy 17-18 Extracts Antifungal22 of rhizomes Entire plant Analgesic, relief from insomnia and irritability23 , Antidote in scorpion sting17-18, Antiseptic29 Entire plant Nerve Sedative , Promotes with Sesamum oil growth and Blackness of hair17-18 3. 4. Parts Roots Compared the effect of active principle of Nardostachys Jatamansi with that of quinidine and found that Nardostachys Jatamansi produced less prolongation of refractory period and less slowing of conduction than quinidine. The later properly is of distinct advantage over quindine. The acute intravenous toxicity of Nardostachys Jatamansi in mice was determined and found to be less than that of quinidine24. Nardostachys Jatamansi DC [Valerianaceae] is a widely grown plant. It is good substitute for the official Valerian25. Dried alcoholic extract negative ionotropic activity on isolated rabbit heart. The drug possesses analgesic activity mediated through the Opioidergic receptors 23. The alcoholic extract of the roots of Nardostachys Jatamansi causes an overall increase in the levels of central monoamines and inhibitory amino acids26. It possesses hepatoprotective activity [50% ethanol extract of rhizomes]. Elevated levels of Serum Transaminases [aminotransferases] and alkaline phosphatase observed in thioactamide alone treated group were significantly lowered in Nordostachys Jatamansi treated group27.The extracts are also effective in focal ischemia by virtue of its anti-oxidant activity28. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Tripathi, K. D., Essentials of Medical pharmacology, sixth Edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2008, 449. Govindachari,T. R., Rajadurai, S., & Pai, B. R., Structure Jatamansi DC., Planta Med., Vol-10, 1962, 433. Maheswari, M. L., & Saxena, D. B., Seychellene and seychelane from Nardostachys Jatamansi, Indian J. Chem., Vol-12, 1974, 1221. Anjaneyulu, A., Baburao, V., Ganguly, A. K., Govindachari, T. R., Joshi, B. S., Kamat, V. N., Manmade, A. H., Mohamed, P. A., Rahimtula, A. D., Saksena, A. K., Varde, D. S. & Viswanthan, N., Chemical investigation of some Indian Plants, Indian J. Chem., Vol3, 1965, 237. Sastry, S. 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C., Terpenoids, LxxV., Constituents of Nardostachys Jatamansi and synthesis of (+) Dihydrosamidin and Visnadin from Jatamansi, Tetrahedron, 21,1965, 3591. Arora, R. B., Singh, M.& Chandra Kanta, Tranquillizing activity of Jatamansone, a sesquiterpene from Nardostachys Jatamansi, No6,1962, 225. Arora, R. B., Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics of six medicinal plants indigenous to Indian, A ward Monog, Ser, No-1, Hamdard National foundation, New Delhi, 1965. Wealth Of India, Raw Materials, Volume- 7, 3. Arora, R. B., Singh, K. P., Das, P. K.& Mistry, P. N., Prolonged hypotensive effect of essential oil of Nardostachys Jatamansi, Arch, Int, Pharmacodyn, Ther., 113(314) ,1958, 367. Rao, T., Triumala PAFAI J. 8, 1986, 27. Bose, B. C., Gupta, S. S., Vijayvarigiya, R., Saifi, A. Q.& Bhatnager, J. N., Preliminary Observation on the pharmacological action of various fractions of Nardostachys Jatamansi DC., Curr. Sci., 26, 1957, 278. Kapoor, L. D., Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New york, Washington DC, 239- 240. Nadkarni, A. K.& Dr. K. M., Nadkarni’s, Indain Materia Medica, reviseded, Popular Book Depot, Bombay, 1994. Hamied, K. A., Bakshi, V.M.& Aghara, L. P., Pharmacological investigation of Nardostachys Jatamansi, J. Sci, Ind. Res. Sect, 21, 1962, 100. George, M. & Pandalai, K. M., Investigations on plant antibiotics, IV, further search for antibiotics substances in Indian Medicinal Plants, Indian J. Med. Res., 37, 1949, 169. Gogte, V. M., Ayurvedic pharmacology and Therapeutics (Uses of Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 8.August 2009 1208-1211 V. M. Jadhav et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(8),1208-1211 22. 23. 24. 25. Medicinal Plants), 372. Amin, M. G., Dixit, Y. B. & Pathak, J. D., Reaction time Studies in relation to an indigenous drug Nardostachys Jatamansi, Antiseptic, 58,1961, 565. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Volume-I, A Joint Publication of the Regional Research Lab, Jammu Tavi (CSIR), 99. Arora, R. B.& Madan, B. R., Antiarrhythmics-III, Antiarrhythmic activity of Nardostachys Jatamansi an Indian indigenous drug, Indian J. Med. Res., 44,1956, 259. Krepinsky, J., Romanuk, M., Herout, V. & Sorm, F., Structure of the Sesquiterpene ketone Valeranone, (Ceskoslov, Akad, Ved, Prague), Collection Czech. Chem, Commun, 27, 1962, 2638-53. 26. Prabhu, V., Karnath, K. S.& Rao, A., Effect of Nardostachys Jatamansi on biogenic amines and inhibitory amino acids in the rat brain, Planta Medica, 60 [2], 1994, 114-117. 27. Shakir, A., Khursheed, A., Jaffery, M. A., Kabir, H.& Diwakar, G., Nardostachys Jatamansi protects against liver damage induced by thioacetamide, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71[3], 2007, 359363. 28. Sofiyan, S., Muzamil, A., Khan, S. Z., Ahmed, A.S. & Islam, F., Protective effect of Nardostachys Jatamansi in rat cerebral ischemia, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 74[2], 2003, 481-486. 29. Sajid, T. M., Phytotherapy Research , 10, 1996, 178. Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 7.August 2009 1208-1211 V. M. Jadhav et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(8),1208-1211 Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 8.August 2009 1208-1211