Download Herbal anxiolyte : Nardostachys jatamansi

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V. M. Jadhav et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(8),1208-1211
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Herbal anxiolyte : Nardostachys jatamansi
V.M. Jadhav*, R. M.Thorat, V.J. Kadam and S.S. Kamble
*Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector 08, CBD Belapur, NaviMumbai – 400614, India
Received on 25-04-2009; Accepted on: 10-07-2009
ABSTRACT
Anxiety is an central nervous system disorder. It is an emotional state, unpleasant in nature, associated with uneasiness, discomfort and
concern or fear about some defined or undefined future threat. However, number of medicinal plant preparations have been advocated in
traditional system of medicine, especially in Ayurveda for treating Anxiety. “ World Health Organization” has recommended that traditional health and folk medicine systems are proved to be more effective in health problems worldwide. Nardostachys Jatamansi is certain
to emerge in the near future as a major player in the growing field of herbal supplements and medicines both in daily self-care and in
professionally managed health care system.The principal constituents of Nardostachys Jatamansi are volatile essential oil [0.5-2%]
contain Jatamansone, Sesquiterpenoid [0.0 2-0.1%], Spirojatamol, patchouli alcohol, Jatamol A and B, Jatamansic acid, nardostachone ,
nardol and other constituents are resin, sugar, starch, bitter extractive matter and gum. All the parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi and
chemical constituents are used as antiseptic, anticonvulsant , antispasmodic , antibacterial, antipyretic, antifungal, antidote, antiemetic,
analgesic, anxiety. This article highlights some of the chief constituents and their biological activities and uses of various parts of
Nardostachys Jatamansi.
Keywords: Anxiety, Chemical Composition, Biological activity, Parts of Nardostachys jatamansi
INTRODUCTION
Anxiety is an emotional state, unpleasant in nature, associated
with uneasiness, discomfort and concern or fear about some defined
or undefined future threat. Some degree of anxiety is a part of normal
life. Treatment is needed when it is disproportionate to the situation
and excessive.1
Nordostachys Jatmansi is identified by botanists primarity as
dried rhizome belonging to the family Valerianaceae. It is an erect
perennial herb, 10-60m high with long stout , woody rootstock found
in the alpine Himalayas from Punjab to Sikkim and Bhutan at altitude
of 3,000-5,000m.
Nordostachys Jatamansi is an natural antianxiety drug which
are aimed to control the symptoms of anxiety, produce a restful state
of mind without interfering with normal mental or physical function
Nordostachys Jatamansi differ markedly from antipsychotics and
more closely resemble Sedative- Hypnotics. They :1. Have no therapeutic effect to control thought disorder of
schizophrenia.
2. Do not produce extrapyramidal side effects.
3. Have anticonvulsant property.
4. Produce physical dependance and carry abuse liability.
Nardostachys Jatamansi has been traditionally employed in
treatment of a wide range of disorders including nervous system,
digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system and skin disorders.
Externally it is used in the form of paste. It is used in burning
skin. It improves the complexion and is antipyretic. .It is effective in
many skin disorders. Its fine powder is used in excessive sweating
and reducing foul smell of sweat.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Nardostachys Jatamansi :
The chemical composition of Nardostachys Jatamansi is highly
complex containing volatile essential oil and other biological active
compounds .Although all parts including roots and rhizomes have
significant and differing medicinal properties. The principle compound
Jatamansone obtained from the rhizomes.
Table 1 shows that chemical constituents present in the parts of
Nardostachys Jatamansi
Table 1 :- Chemical constituents of parts of Nordostachys Jatamansi
*Corresponding author.
Dr. (Mrs.) Varsha M. Jadhav
HOD and Professor
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur,
Navi Mumbai.
Tel.: + 91-(022) 27722919, 09869046618
Telefax: +91-(022) 27722919
E-mail: [email protected]
2.
Sr. No.
Parts
1.
Rhizomes
and Roots
Rhizomes
3.
4.
Chemical Constituents
Volatile essential oil (0.5%) (Oleum Jatamansi),
resin, sugar, starch, gum, bitter extractive matter. 2
Jatamansone, Sesquiterpene, Seychellene,
Seychelane, ß- sitosterol. 3,4
Roots
Valeranone, valeranal, nardone, calarenol,
nardostechone,n- hexacosanyl arachidate, 8
n-hexaconsanol, calarene, n- hexacosane,
n- hexacosanyl isovalerate, ß - sitosterol 5-7,
norseychelanone, seychellen,
patchouli alcohol, a and ß – patchoulenese.
Oil of Roots Terpenic coumarins, oroselol, jatamansin 9,
hydrocarbons, ß - eudesmol, elemol,
ß - sitosterol, angelicin, jatamansinol. 10
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CONCLUSION
Biological activities of chemical constituents of Nardostachys
Ayurveda is one of such inherited tradition of health and lonJatamansi are given in Table 2.
gevity. Anxiety is a commonest central nervous disorder affects pepole
Table 2 :- Biological activities of Chemical constituents of world wide. Indigenous folk medicines, Nordostachys Jatamansi have
Nardostachys Jatamansi
been used generally in their natural forms ( fresh Juice, paste or dry
powder ). These include both inoganic and organic constituents of
Sr.
Chemical
Biological
the concerned herbs. Those agents can be scientifically evaluated by
No. Constituents
Activities
1.
Jatamansone
Tranquillizing hypothermic,
using animal model to find out such a novel Anti-anxiety agent which
Antiemetic11, reduce aggressiveness .
may be able to cure this disease.
Restlessness , Stubbornness ,
REFERENCES :
Insomnia12 , Anticonvulsant13
2.
Essential oil
3.
Alkaloidal fraction
from root and rhizome
Hypotensive action in dogs14,
Antimicrobial15
Hypotensive action in dogs16
2.
Biological activities of parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi are shown
in Table 3
Table 3 : Biological activity of parts of Nardostachys Jatamansi
Sr.no.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
Activity / uses
Antianxiety, Antispasmodic, Diuretic,
Emmenagogue, Nerve Sedative, Nerve Stimulant,
Bitter Tonic, Carminative, Deobstruent,
Promotes appetite and digestion,
Aromatic adjunct 17-18
Extracts of roots Antianxiety, Sedative, Hypotensive19,
Antibacterial20, Laxative, Abdominal distension,
Abdominal pain, Liver enlargement, Jaundice, ,
Cardiac Depressant, Cough, Dyspnoea, Infertility
Dysmenorrhoea, Uterine Inflammation,
skin Disorders, Antipyretic, Brain Tonic,
Convulsion,Pain, Epilepsy, Hysteria, Syncope21
Infusion of roots Antianxiety, Treatment of Spasmodic
hysterical affections, Palpitation of
the heart, Nervousheadache, Flatulence,
Jaundice, Leprosy 17-18
Extracts
Antifungal22
of rhizomes
Entire plant
Analgesic, relief from insomnia and irritability23
, Antidote in scorpion sting17-18, Antiseptic29
Entire plant
Nerve Sedative , Promotes
with Sesamum oil
growth and Blackness of hair17-18
3.
4.
Parts
Roots
Compared the effect of active principle of Nardostachys
Jatamansi with that of quinidine and found that Nardostachys
Jatamansi produced less prolongation of refractory period and less
slowing of conduction than quinidine. The later properly is of distinct
advantage over quindine.
The acute intravenous toxicity of Nardostachys Jatamansi in mice
was determined and found to be less than that of quinidine24.
Nardostachys Jatamansi DC [Valerianaceae] is a widely grown
plant. It is good substitute for the official Valerian25.
Dried alcoholic extract negative ionotropic activity on isolated
rabbit heart. The drug possesses analgesic activity mediated through
the Opioidergic receptors 23. The alcoholic extract of the roots of
Nardostachys Jatamansi causes an overall increase in the levels of
central monoamines and inhibitory amino acids26. It possesses
hepatoprotective activity [50% ethanol extract of rhizomes]. Elevated
levels of Serum Transaminases [aminotransferases] and alkaline phosphatase observed in thioactamide alone treated group were significantly lowered in Nordostachys Jatamansi treated group27.The extracts are also effective in focal ischemia by virtue of its anti-oxidant
activity28.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
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Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared
Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 7.August 2009
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V. M. Jadhav et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(8),1208-1211
Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 8.August 2009
1208-1211