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330 West 38th Street Suite # 801 New York, New York 10018 Phone: 1-800-721-1310 Email: [email protected] Serenin Vet TM Anti-anxiety Support Behavior problems are common in captive marine animals. Most are due to stress, anxiety, fear and/or frustration, and can result in stereotypic, aggressive and fearful behaviors. Serenin Vet’s unique combination of natural vitamins and extracts, including Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12 and St. John’s Wort may help reduce anxiety and inappropriate behaviors. Ingredients (serving size 2 capsules) Vitamin B-6 Folate Vitamin B-12 Magnesium Selenium Griffonia simplicifolia 5-HTP (L-5-hydroxy-tryptophan) D-L Phenylalanine Eleuthero powder (Eleutherococcus senticosus) (rhizome) Inositol L-Tyrosine Passion Flower Extract (Passiflora Incarnata) St. John’s Wort extract (Hypericum perforatum) 25 mg 400mcg 200mcg 100mg 70mcg 25mg 40mg 70mg 100mg 10mg 50mg 800mg Griffonia simplicifolia 5-HTP (L-5-hydroxy-tryptophan) Griffonia seed has been shown in human medicine to relieve signs of migraines, depression, insomnia and anxiety. It has also been used to ease chronic pain of fibromyalgia, including morning stiffness, shoulder, neck and spine pain and chronic headaches. Griffonia is a natural source of 5HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan), an enhancing amino acid that is a highly absorbable type of tryptophan. 5-HTP has been suggested as a treatment for many conditions, such as stress, anxiety, panic attacks, and pain. It is also the direct precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter that exerts a calming effect and regulates sleep. The active constituents are 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and lectin I-b4. 5-HTP may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, mood disturbances, seizures, or abnormal blood counts. 5-HTP has also been associated with increased blood cortisol levels and increased risk of suicide in individuals with psychiatric illnesses in human medicine. It is likely unsafe to use 5HTP in individuals using CNS depressants, antihypertensives, decarboxylase inhibitors, antidepressant medications (TCAs, MAOIs, SSRIs, nefazodone, trazodone, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, bupropion) or any other medications that may affect serotonin and in patients with bradycardia, seizure and mental disorders, eosinophilia syndromes or mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, pregnant and lactating females and in patients with a known allergy to 5HTP-containing products. DL-Phenylalanine This is a combination of the D - and L - form of the amino acid Phenylalanine. This form of phenylalanine acts as a natural pain reliever. DL- Phenylalanine blocks the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of endorphins and enkephlins. Endorphins and enkephlins are a group of substances within the body that helps relieve pain. Experiencing pain is directly related with the experience of anxiety in human and veterinary medicine. Many Fibromyalgia and chronic pain human patients have benefited from taking DL-Phenylalanine. Eleuthero powder (Eleutherococcus senticosus) (rhizome) Eleutherococcu possesses a variety of medicinal properties, such as: increased endurance, immunogenic, memory improvement, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, and radiological protection. Taken regularly, it enhances immune function, reduces cortisol levels and inflammatory response, and it promotes improved cognitive and physical performance. In human studies Eleuthero has been successfully used to treat bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy or radiation, angina, hypercholesterolemia, and neurasthenia with headache, insomnia, and poor appetite. Inositol Commonly referred to as Vitamin B 8, studies have shown benefits of inositol for human patients with depression, panic disorders and diabetes. Naturally, it is most prevalent in the heart and brain. It affects nerve transmission and helps the body to transport fats. While no specific deficiencies have been found in relation to diseases, some people may benefit from supplementation. L-Tyrosine Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid that is the precursor of some of the neurotransmitters associated with regulating mood. Deficiencies in tyrosine, therefore, have been associated with depression. Tyrosine also aids in the production of melanin (pigment responsible for hair and skin color) and in the function of organs in the body responsible for making and regulating hormones, including the adrenal, thryroid, and pituitary glands. Passion Flower Extract (Passiflora Incarnata) The flavonoids in passion flower are the primary constituents responsible for its relaxing and anti-anxiety effects. The European literature involving passion flower recommends it primarily for anti-anxiety treatment; in this context, it is often combined with valerian, lemon balm, and other herbs with sedative properties. Passiflora has a depressant effect on Central Nervous System activity and is hypotensive. It is been used for its sedative and soothing properties, to lower blood pressure, prevent tachycardia and for insomnia. It can also be effective in relieving nerve pain. St. John’s Wort St. John's Wort has been used for centuries to treat mental disorders and nerve pain. St. John's Wort has also been used as a sedative and a treatment for malaria, as well as a balm for wounds, burns, and insect bites. Today, the most common use of St. John's Wort in human medicine is in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Supporting research in studies on the treatment of depression have reported St. John's Wort to be more effective than placebo and equally effective as tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the short-term management of mild-to-moderate depression. While generally well-tolerated in clinical use, there are significant drug interactions with St. John's Wort, particularly when used with medications metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system. St. John's Wort is not recommended for patients taking protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, receiving immunosuppressive therapy (particularly cyclosporine), and in users of oral contraceptives, warfarin, or digoxin. St. John's Wort may cause nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, headache, anxiety, allergic reactions, impotence, and photosensitivity. St. John's Wort may induce mania in individuals with an underlying mood disorder, and may result in serotonin syndrome if used alone or with other serotonergic agents. St. John’s Wort is possibly unsafe when used in larger than recommended doses, or for extended duration (>3 months); when used with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2E1, as decreased drug levels may occur; in patients with diabetes or in those taking antidiabetic agents, in renal transplant patients due to potential to cause overdosage or fatal drug-herb interactions, in females on oral contraceptives, in patients with sensitive skin or those taking photosensitizing drugs, in patients with bleeding disorders or in those taking anticoagulants, when used by individuals going through surgery due to difficulty inducing relaxation and anesthesia, in patients taking digoxin due to reports of reduced efficacy or drug concentration, in patients using chemotherapeutic agents as concomitant use may result in reduced effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents and treatment failure, and in patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or other serotoninergic drugs. Side Effects and drug interactions Some of the components on Serenin might interact with various medications as reported in the human and veterinary medicine. No safety studies have been done and Serenin is not FDA approved. Do not use Serenin if your pet is on a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), on an antidepressant or any other serotoninergic drugs. Drug interactions can also happen with cyclosporine, digoxin, indinavir (and possibly other imunosupressive drugs), irinotecan (and possibly other drugs used to treat cancer), warfarin and related anticoagulants, and tramadol. This list is not exhaustive. Please consult with your veterinarian before using Serenin if the animal is on other dietary supplements or medications. References: Schwartz, S. Psychoactive Herbs in Veterinary Behavior Medicine. Ames: Blackwell Publishing. 400p. 2005. Crowell-Davis SL, Murray T. 2006. Veterinary Psychopharmacology. Ames: Blackwell Publishing, 270p. Fernstrom JD. 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Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(1):64-71. Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi, M. Effects of various Eleutherococcus senticosus cortex on swimming time, natural killer activity and corticosterone level in forced swimming stressed mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 95 :447–453, 2004. Pizzorno JE and Murray MT. Textbook of Natural Medicine, Vol 2. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1999:1049-1059. De Smet PA. Herbal remedies. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;347(25):2046–2056. Landsberg, G, Araujo, J. Behavior Problems in Geriatric Pets. Vet Clin Small Anim, 35: 675–698, 2005. Milgram et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine and _-lipoic acid supplementation of aged beagle dogs improves learning in two landmark discrimination tests. The FASEB Journal, 21: 3756-3762, 2007. Landsberg, G. Therapeutic agents for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction syndrome in senior dogs. Progress in NeuroPsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 29:471– 479, 2005. Levine J, Barak Y, Kofman O, and Belmaker RH. Follow-up and relapse analysis of an inositol study of depression. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 32(1): 14–21, 1995. Levine J. Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 7: 147–155, 1997. Benjamin J, Agam G, Levine J, et al. Inositol treatment in psychiatry. Psychopharmacol Bull 31(1): 167–175, 1995. Fiebich et al. Pharmacological studies in an herbal drug combination of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata): In vitro and in vivo evidence of synergy between Hypericum and Passiflora in antidepressant pharmacological models. Fitoterapia 82: 474– 480, 2011. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. St. John's Wort and the Treatment of Depression. June 29, 2007. <http://nccam.nih.gov/health/stjohnswort/> St. John's wort. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:359–366. Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group. Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;287(14):1807–1814. Benjamin J, Levine J, Fux M, et al. Double-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover trial of inositol treatment for panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152: 1084–1086, 1995. Crupi R, Mazzon E, Marino A, La Spada G, Bramanti P, Battaglia F, Cuzzocrea S, Spina E. 2011. Hypericum perforatum treatment: effect on behaviour and neurogenesis in a chronic stress model in mice. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 11:7. Awad AG. Diet and drug interactions in the treatment of mental illness – a review. Can J Psychiatry. 1984;29:609-613. Edwards DH, Kravitz EA. 1997. Serotonin, social status and aggression. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7: 812–819. Chiaroni P, Azorin JM, Bovier P, et al. A multivariate analysis of red blood cell membrane transports and plasma levels of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan in depressed patients before treatment and after clinical improvement. Neuropsychobiology. 1990;23(1):1-7. Winberg S, Øverli Ø, Lepage O. 2001. Suppression of aggression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by dietary L-tryptophan. J Exp Biol. 204:3867-76. Natural Standard. April 29, 2012. <http://www.naturalstandard.com> www.animalnecessity.com