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Transcript
Weed Identification
NRCA – 2006
Purdue University
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources
Plant Characteristics
„ Woody plants
„ Trees-perennial,
single main stem or trunk
„ Shrubs-perennial,
more than one principal
stem, shorter than trees
Plant Characteristics
„ Broadleaf Forbs or Herbaceous Plants
„ Non-woody
stems that die/dieback each
year
„ Broadleaves
„ Netted
veins
Plant Characteristics
„ Broadleaf Forbs or Herbaceous Plants
„2
leaves at germination
„ Coarse
root system
Plant Characteristics
„ Grasses
„Narrow
upright leaves
„Parallel
veins running length of leaf
„One
leaf at germination
„Fibrous
root system
Plant Life Cycles
„ Annual
„ Biennial
„ Perennial
Annuals
„ Annuals complete their life cycle in one
year.
„ Winter annuals
„ Summer annuals
Winter Annual
„ Seeds germinate late summer to early
spring,
„ Flower and produce seed in mid-to late
spring, and
„ Die the next summer.
Wild Geranium
Winter Annual
Leaves are cut
Seedling
Summer Annual
„ Seeds germinate in the spring,
„ Flower, produce seeds mid-to late
summer, and
„ Die in the fall.
„ Ex-most everything
Crabgrass
Summer annual
4 part seed
structure
Flat, spreading
Foxtail - Summer Annual
Compact seed head bent,
Green foxtail
straight,
Yellow foxtail
drooping
Giant foxtail
Kochia - Summer Annual
Multi-branched
Small flowers
Leaves – stiff and spiny
Russian thistle - tumbleweed
Annual
Round and bushy
Reproduces by seed
Lambsquarter
Annual
White patches on interior of leaf
Feathery leaves
Common Ragweed
Summer Annual
Giant Ragweed - Summer Annual
Leaf – goose foot
shape
Leaves opposite
Marestail - Annual
Yellow mustard
rosette
Water hemp - Annual
Biennials
„ Live for two growing seasons.
„ Seeds germinate in spring, summer, or fall of
first year.
„ Plants over winter as basal rosette with storage
root.
„ After exposure to cold, plants flower and
produce seeds in summer of second year.
„ Die in the fall.
Sweet Clover
Biennial
3 leaflets make up 1 leaf
Yellow or white flowers
Flowers look like pea plant
Wild Carrot
Biennial
2nd year – white flower
1st year basal rosette
Common Mullein - Biennial
1st year
rosette
Multiple
spikes of
yellow
flowers
Bull thistle - Biennial
leaves
end in
long,
sharp
spines;
Tap-rooted
flowerhead
bracts
tipped with
prickles
1st year basal rosettes
Musk or Nodding thistle
Biennial
stems are spiny and
winged except below the
flower head
Large purple flowers
droop down or "nod"
taprooted
thistle
leaves are deeply lobed and
spiny margined
Flowerhead end in a
strong, sharp spiny tip
„ Bull thistle
„ biennial
„ larger flower
„ strong prickles
„ spines on leaves
„ Canada thistle
„ perennial -creeping roots
„ smaller flowers
„ weak prickles,
„ no spines on leaves
Rosette - Thistle Comparisons
Biennials
Bull
Musk
White on edges of leaf
Thistle
Comparisons
Musk
Thorns and
leaves are
near flower
head
Drooping, flat flower head
Bull
Thistle Comparisons
Musk
Canada
thistle
White midrib
Bull
Leaf edges wavy
Biennial
Thorns appear on leaf
Perennial
Perennials
„ Produce vegetative structure that allows
them to live more than two years.
Creeping Perennials
„ Overwinters
„ Produces new plants from reproductive
structures
„ Most also reproduce from seed
Reproductive Structures
„ Rhizomes – horizontal underground stems
„ Tubers - thick underground stems on the ends
of rhizomes
„ Bulbs - modified underground leaf tissue
„ Stolons - horizontal above ground stem
„ Creeping roots - underground root modified for
food storage and vegetative reproduction,
deeper in soil, resistant to control
Bermudagrass
Perennial – Stolon
Stolons – horizontal
above ground stems
Cattail
Perennial – Creeping rhizome
Compact brown flower head
Long narrow leaves
Rhizomes – horizontal underground stems
Johnson Grass - Creeping rhizome
Reddish
flower
structure
Tall mature
plant
seedling
Reproduces by creeping rhizome - horizontal underground stem
Johnson Grass
Rhizome
Creeping Perennial
Simple Perennials
„ Overwinters
„ Reproduce
by a perennial root
entirely by seed
Dandelion - Simple perennial
Plantain - Perennial
Broadleaf plantain
Buckhorn plantain
Yellow-star thistle - Annual or Perennial
Stems
are
ridged
seedling
spines
Reproduces from seed
Leafy spurge - Creeping perennial
Reproduces
by seed and
extensive
creeping
roots.
The roots can
extend as deep
as 30 feet and
are extremely
widespread.
Stems show milky sap
when cut.
Canada thistle - Perennial creeping roots
Creeping roots - underground root modified for food
storage and vegetative reproduction, deeper in soil,
resistant to control
Spineless
Small
flower as
compared
to others
Extensive deep, creeping root system
Seedling
Knapweed - perennial
Common Milkweed
Perennial –deep rooted rhizome
Flower
and seeds
Rhizome – horizontal underground stem
Curly dock
Tap rooted perennial
seeds
Early stage
Mature stage
Goldenrod
Perennial
Flowers in fall
Hemp dogbane - Perennial
Long seed pods
Red
Stem
has
milky
sap
when
cut
Opposite branches
Horsenettle - Perennial
Thorns
on
leaves
and
stem
Flowers like tomato
plant – same family
Fruit
like
tomato
plant
Pokeweed/pokeberry - Perennial
Tall plant
Green
fruit
turning
purple
St. Johnswort - Perennial
Flower with 5 petals
Yellow toadflax - Perennial
Many
leaves
along stem
Yellow and
white
flowers –
trumpet
shaped
Stinging Nettle
Perennial
thorny
opposite
leaves
serrated
leaves
Vines
Ivy-leaf morning-glory
Summer annual vine
Morning-glory - Annual
Blackberry - Woody vines
Three leaflets make up a leaf
Thorny along stem
Fruit
Field bindweed
Deep tap-rooted perennial
White flower
Arrowhead shape with
slightly rounded tip
Japanese
honeysuckle
Perennial Vine
Leaves
are
opposite
Kudzu
Perennial vine
Leaf with 3 leaflets
Poison Ivy
Perennial Vine
Leaf has 3 leaflets
Poisonous all year
Poison oak - Perennial vine -
Leaf has 3
leaflets
Curly edges
Locations
Poison oak and ivy comparison
Poison ivy
Poison oak
Puncturevine or goathead
Annual vine
Leaves are
opposite
and
compound.
Four to
eight pairs
of leaflets.
Fruit is hard and spiny
Breaks into five tacklike sections of seeds
It grows low to the ground.
Forms a mat with trailing stems, each 1 to 6 feet long and hairy.
Virginia creeper - Perennial
Grape - Perennial vine
Tendrils – climbs by this
Trumpet creeper - Perennial vine
Compound leaf
Woody
Black locust
Compound leaf
with rounded
leaflets
Two thorns
at each leaf
Boxelder
Green twig
Leaf with 3
leaflets
Red or slippery elm
Serrated edges
Off-set base
Parallel veins
American elm
Red elm – scratchy below
Elm
Siberian elm
Siberian elm
Slime flux
Whitish
appearance
on bark
Opposite branches
fruit
Flower bud
Leaf bud
Flowering dogwood
Ash
Compound
leaf
Kentucky
coffeetree
Doubly compound leaf
Leaflets have leaflets
Sassafras and Mulberry
Smooth edges
Serrated edges
Silver maple
5 lobes
4
3
5
2
Silver beneath
Deep sinuses
1
Sugar maple
5 lobes
2
1
3
Shallow sinuses
5
4
Maple Comparison
Silver, Red, and Sugar
3 lobes
5 lobes
Deep
sinuses
Shallow
sinuses
Narrow leaf
5 lobes
Shallow sinuses
Broad leaf
Oak
Rounded tips
Red oak
Bristle or
pointed tips
White
oak
Redbud
Heart shape leaf
Sweetgum
Spiny fruit
Star shaped leaf
Sycamore
Tree-of-heaven
Large leaf
Large
stinky twig
Numerous
bundles of
fruit
Bracken fern
Underground rhizomes
Bracken
fronds are
shaped like
triangles
Equisetum arvense
horsetail
Sterile
Shaped like a Christmas tree
Fertile
Equisetum hymale
scouring rush
sterile
fertile