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problems faced by land
plants:
water acquisition and
conservation
gas exchange
support
conduction
sexual reproduction
sporic life cycle: in moss,
fern, conifer, angiosperm
bryophytes
Mosses (Bryophyta)
Liverworts (Hepatophyta)
Hornworts (Anthocerophyta)
leptoids
hydroids
rhizoids
cuticle
stomata
gametophyte
sporophyte
antheridium
archegonium
sperm, egg
sporangium
spore
protonema
totipotent
asexual reproduction
foot
seta
capsule
egg, venter, neck
gemmae
elaters
pioneer community
seral stages
climax community
xerosere plant successions
biotic
abiotic
primary succession
secondary succession
xerosere succession
hydrosere succession
poikilohydry
cryptobiotic soil crusts
soil fines
humus
nitrogen fixation
cyanobacteria
allelopathy
Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns (Pterophyta)
Horsetails (Sphenophyta)
Whisk Ferns (Psilotophyta)
Club Mosses (Lycophyta)
vascular tissue
transpiration
stomata
cuticle
xylem
phloem
lignin
rhizome
strobilus
homosporus
heterosporous
circinate vernation
sori
gymnosperms
the importance of a seed
pollen grain
Conifers (Coniferophyta)
Cycads (Cycadophyta)
Ginkgo (Ginkgophyta)
Gnetophytes (Gnetophyta)
ovule
primary growth
secondary growth
vessels
tracheids.
deciduous
evergreen
dioecious
monoecious
microsporocyte
microspore
megasporocyte
megaspore
seed coat (testa)
integuments
cotyledon
radicle
plumule
coleoptile
coleorhiza
scutellum
hilum
tap root system
fibrous root system
pericarp
exocarp
mesocarp
endocarp
simple fruit
refer to your notes for the
types of simple fruits
compound fruit
aggregate fruit
multiple fruit
accessory fruit
petiole
blade
sessile
simple leaf
compound leaf
palmately
pinnately
parallel venation
netted venation
node
internode
totipotent
vegetative reproduction
refer to your notes for
structures involved in
vegetative reproduction
generative cell
tube cell
pollen tube
polar nuclei
endosperm
sepal/calyx
petal/corolla
stamen
anther, filament
pistil
stigma, style, ovary
peduncle
receptacle
complete, incomplete
perfect, imperfect
monoecious, dioecious
regular, irregular
A pollen grain is a
A. male gametophyte
superior, inferior ovary
solitary flower, inflorescence
pollination
fertilization
dormancy
B. male gamete
C. spore
stratification
scarification
seed bank
D. very small seed
A plant that can dry out, enter a dormant stage, and revive when it is rehydrated is
A. allelopathic
B. poikilohydric
C. impossible
In a plant succession, the plants that immediately follow the pioneer community are the
A. secondary succession B. seral stage C. climax stage
Which cell division process is involved in vegetative reproduction?
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
In some leaves, 3 or 5 major veins depart from a single point. This pattern is
A. palmate B. pinnate C. parallel D. compound E. simple
A leaf divided into several distinct leaflets that arise from a common point is
A. pinnately lobed
B. pinnately compound
C. palmately lobed
D. palmately compound E. palmately complex
The function of ANY fruit (fleshy or dry) is
A. protection of the developing seed(s)
B. seed dispersal
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C
C. food for the young seedling
Be able to recognize structures you have seen in sketches, such as parts of a flower and parts of a seed.
What is the difference between a primary plant succession and a secondary plant succession?
The sequence of events given below summarize the steps in the life cycle of a fern. Indicate above each
arrow whether (A) mitosis, (B) meiosis, or (C) fertilization (syngamy) has occurred.
spore --------> gametophyte --------> sperm and eggs --------> zygote --------> sporophyte -------->
spores
In what types of habitats do you find cryptobiotic soil crusts? What are the main types of organisms
found in cryptobiotic soil crusts? Name three specific advantages that the crust organisms provide to
their ecosystem. How do the organisms provide each of the advantages you gave?
Name two divisions of the gymnosperms.
Describe two ways in which the plumule can be protected while the seedling is growing underground.
In the table below, indicate which generation is dominant (gametophyte or sporophyte), if the plant
produces seeds (yes or no), and if free water is required for fertilization (yes or no).
plant
Which generation is
dominant?
Does this plant
form seeds?
Is free water required
for fertilization?
moss
fern
conifer
angiosperm
For plants that do not require free water for fertilization, how do the sperm get to the egg?
Some seeds are dormant until stratification takes place. What is stratification? Why is it an important
dormancy mechanism?
Give one example of each of the following types of fruit:
berry =
drupe =
pome =
legume =
These questions are based on “The Birds and the Bees” episode of The Private Life of Plants.
a. What is the most likely pollinator of a robust flower with red petals and no scent?
b. Many orchids don’t offer a nectar reward to their insect pollinators, and their pollen is packaged in a
pollinius, not the loose powder released like most flowers (therefore, the pollen isn’t available as a
snack). Despite the lack of food available from these orchid, specific bees and wasps are quite willing to
visit their orchid of choice. How do these orchids manage to keep the insects’ interest?
Distinguish between monocots and dicots for each of the traits listed in the table below.
trait
leaf venation
number of cotyledons
type of root system
monocots
dicots