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GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Lecture 26: Enterprise Applications
Enterprise Applications of GIS
- enterprise applications of GIS are usually designed to manage assets and organization work flows
Understanding the GIS Job Market
- in 2004 the U.S. Department of Labor identified three new high-growth emerging technologies
- they noted that there was an insufficient workforce in the U.S. to meet the demand in these areas
- the three technologies were 1) nanotechnology, 2) biotechnology and 3) geospatial technology
- to address this workforce issue, they developed the High Growth Training Initiative
- the initiative was designed to help meet the workforce demand in these three areas
- we can see this demand reflected in the job postings for the GIS industry (e.g. The GIS Jobs Clearinghouse)
- while an understanding of GIS is sufficient for some jobs (e.g. GIS analyst), many job listings want much more
- these additional job requirements often include:
- ArcSDE (Spatial Database Engine) - the gateway to relational database management systems
- RDMS (Relational Database Management Systems) - Microsoft SQL, Oracle, IBM DB2
- and the programming skills necessary to manage an enterprise geographic information system
(especially web programming skills for the development of Internet mapping applications)
Geospatial Technology Competency Model
- the Geospatial Technology Competency Model was developed by industry to help people understand the
skill sets that are necessary for positions in the geospatial field
- the model is structured with basic skills at the bottom and more advanced skills at the top
Management Competencies / Occupation Specific Requirements (varies with position)
Industry Sector Competencies (either data acquisition, analysis and modeling, or application development)
Industry-Wide Technical Competencies (core geospatial abilities and knowledge - this class)
Workplace Competencies (e.g. teamwork, creative thinking, problem solving, business fundamentals)
Academic Competencies (e.g. reading, writing, math, geography, science, critical thinking, basic computer)
Personal Effectiveness Competencies (e.g. interpersonal skills, integrity, dependability, professionalism)
Understanding the GIS industry
- to understand the GIS industry, we need to recognize that there are three types of GIS applications
1) Project Applications (research)
- GIS is used as a tool to complete a specific research project
- this is the most common use of GIS in a university environment
- GIS is used a research tool in many different disciplines
- we also see project applications of GIS used in government, business and industry
- e.g. site suitability analysis
2) Department Applications
- GIS is used in a single department to support the department’s functions
- e.g. to support the daily functions of the tax assessor or water utility department in a city
3) Enterprise Applications
- GIS is used throughout an organization
- used by multiple departments with data shared across the organization
- GIS is used to manage assets and is an integral part of the organization’s workflow
Copyright © Kevin Mulligan, Texas Tech University
Enterprise Applications
- departments within an organization operate on information (data)
- this can be a business - or local, state or federal government - or any other large organization
- this information (data) is stored in a database
- MS Excel - limited to 1 million records and a single user
- MS Access - limited to 2 GB of data - multi-user database
- most large organizations use a RDMS (relational database management system)
- e.g. MS SQL, Oracle, IBM DB2
- unlimited records and data storage - multi-user databases
- problem: these database systems are not designed to map information
- solution: GIS applications can be developed to manage assets and the workflows within an organization
System Architecture
- the diagram below shows a typical system architecture
- ArcGIS is used for data input and spatial analysis (on internal organization clients)
- ArcSDE allows ArcMap/ArcCatalog to connect to a database server
- database server stores the data (often using a RDMS such as MS SQL, Oracle or IBM DB2)
- ArcGIS Server is used to distribute web applications (to either internet or external Internet clients)
Copyright © Kevin Mulligan, Texas Tech University
GIST 3300 / 5300
Geographic Information Systems
Enterprise Applications of GIS
(Managing Assets and Work Flows)
Understanding the GIS job market
Geospatial Technology Competency Model
Understanding the GIS industry
Types of GIS Applications
Enterprise applications of GIS
Geographic Information Systems
Enterprise Applications of GIS
U.S. Department of Labor
- in 2004 the DOL identified three new high-growth emerging technologies
- noted that there was an insufficient workforce to meet demand
- nanotechnology, biotechnology and geospatial technology
- developed High Growth Job Training Initiative
- designed to help meet the workforce demand in these three areas
Geographic Information Systems
Enterprise Applications of GIS
GIS Jobs Clearinghouse
- we can see this in the job postings for the GIS industry
Geographic Information Systems
Enterprise Applications of GIS
Geospatial Technology
Competency Model
Geographic Information Systems
Types of GIS Applications
- to understand the GIS industry
- we need to recognize that there are three basic types of GIS applications
1) Project Applications (research)
- GIS used as a tool to complete a specific project
2) Department Applications (serving department needs)
- GIS is used in a single department to support department functions
3) Enterprise Applications (managing assets and workflows)
- GIS is used throughout an organization
- multiple departments with data shared across the organization
Geographic Information Systems
Types of GIS Applications
1) Project Applications (research)
- GIS used as a tool to complete a specific project
- most common use in a university environment
- GIS is used as a research tool
- also used in business, government and industry (site analysis)
- optimum location of a distribution center
Geographic Information Systems
Types of GIS Applications
2) Department Applications
- GIS is used in a single department to support department functions
- e.g. tax assessor or water utility departments in a city
Geographic Information Systems
Types of GIS Applications
3) Enterprise Applications (managing assets and workflows)
- departments within an organization operate on information (data)
- either a business – or local, state and federal government
- marketing, sales, product distribution, logistics
- information stored in a database
- MS Excel (limited to 1 million records and 1 user)
- MS Access (limited to 2 GB - multi-user database)
- most large organizations use RDMS
- Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS)
- e.g. MS SQL, Oracle, IBM DB2
- unlimited records and multi-user
problem: - these database systems are not designed to map information
- not designed to conduct any type of spatial query or analysis
solution: - GIS applications can be developed to help manage the assets
and the work flows within an organization
Geographic Information Systems
Types of GIS Applications
3) Enterprise Applications (managing assets and workflows)
ArcGIS
- organizational client
- data input
and analysis
Typical System Architecture
ArcSDE
(Spatial Database Engine)
- gateway to the database ArcGIS Server
- enables spatial data
- web server
Internet Clients
to be stored
- custom applications
web users
and analyzed
(Intranet or Internet)
and map services
Database Server
MS SQL
Oracle
IBM DB2
Geographic Information Systems
Types of GIS Applications
3) Enterprise Applications
- GIS is used throughout an organization
- multiple departments with data shared across the organization
Geographic Information Systems