Download Civil War - Northwest ISD Moodle

Civil War
1861-1865
Civil War
• Causes of the War – States’ Rights, Sectionalism,
Slavery
• Ft. Sumter
• Antietam
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Gettysburg and the Address
• Vicksburg
• Appomattox Courthouse
• Lincoln’s Assassination
Civil War
• Causes:
– States’ Rights – power belong to states or federal
government
• Nullification Crisis
• Expansion of slavery
• Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, KansasNebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Law
– Sectionalism – extreme devotion to ones region
• Political, Social, and Economical differences
– Slavery
• South wanted to expand, North want to eliminate
North
• Advantages
– More people
– Industrial
– More Money
– More Railroads
– More Telegraph lines
• Disadvantages
– Weaker Generals
– Offensive War
– Had to win the War
– Support for war divided
South
• Advantages
– Best Generals
– Defensive battle
– Did not have to win
– Fighting on homeland
• Disadvantages
– Fewer People
– Agrarian economy
– Little Industry
– Few Railroads and
telegraph lines
Civil War
Railroad Lines
Fort Sumter
• April 12th, 1861
• Confederate officials
began seizing federalmint branches, arsenals,
and military posts.
• Fort Sumter was a
Federal outpost in
Charleston, SC.
• Confederate forces asked
for its surrender.
• Lincoln refused and sent
ships with supplies.
Fort Sumter
• Confederate cannons began firing on April 12,
1861.
• Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. 85 Union soldiers
surrendered, Abner Doubleday fired the first
shots in defense of the fort
• The Civil War began.
1st Bull Run
• Confederate Soldiers
defeated the Union soldiers
• General Jackson was
epitomized by the name
Stonewall because of his
slow response to aid other
troops
• Stonewall Jackson also
ordered the first rebel yell
during the attack
• The number of casualties
and ferocity of the fighting
gave evident that this was
not going to be quick,
decisive war
Shiloh
• Union victory after a
Confederate surprise
attack
• 23,000 casualties, level of
violence shocked both
sides
• Realized more that the
war would not end
quickly
• Citizens began sending
Grant cigars (10,000) after
his victory, he eventually
died of lung cancer after
being President
Antietam
• Sept 17, 1862 – 1st battle
fought on Union soil
• Single bloodiest day in
American Military History,
more than 22,000 casualties
• Although considered a draw,
the Union chose to declared
victory, though had his
Generals chose to advance
using their full force the
battle would have been
different
• This “victory” encouraged
Lincoln to give his
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
• July 1st 1863 after the
Union victory at
Antietam
• Freed the slaves in the
South
• War now included the
freeing of the slaves
and preserving the
Union
• Lincoln believed this
was his crowning
achievement
Ticket out the door
• Explain the importance of the battle of
Antietam to the Civil War?
• What was the purpose of the Emancipation
Proclamation? How was this to help the
Union?
• Which side had the greatest advantage? Why?
Gettysburg
• July 1st-3rd
• Gen. Lee wanted to
defeat the Union in the
North to strengthen the
cause of the
“Copperheads” who
opposed the war, and to
gain foreign recognition
• “Pickett’s Charge” – Gen.
Pickett was in charge of
marching 15000 men ¾
mile across open fields to
attack the Union, 2/3 of
the men died
Gettysburg
• Union claimed victory
and General Lee
offered President
Jefferson Davis his
resignation, but was
refused
• This battle turned the
tide of the Civil War to
that of the Union, due
to heavy Confederate
loses they would never
again advance onto
northern soil
Gettysburg Address
• One of Lincoln’s greatest speeches, 272 words
given in less than 2 minutes
• Speech given to honor those who died at
Gettysburg and consecrate a cemetery
Gettysburg Address
"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now
we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have
come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their
lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this
ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above
our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated
here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It
is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full
measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in
vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of
the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."
Vicksburg
• May 18 – July 4
• 6 weeks siege of the City
• Surrendered due to lack of
food; men were left to eat
mules, rats, and boiled
leather
• During the siege many of the
inhabitants lived in caves to
hide away from the constant
bombing
• There were roughly 20,000
casualties combined and the
Union took 37,000 POWs
• “The Father of Waters again
goes unvexed to the sea.”
Abraham Lincoln
Vicksburg
• The victories of Grant and the Union (North)
in Vicksburg (gaining control of the Mississippi
River and dividing the South) and at
Gettysburg were the turning point of the war
Ticket out the door
• Why was the battle of Gettysburg and
Vicksburg important to the Union campaign?
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Nov 15 – Dec 21
• After Sherman captured Atlanta
(the pride and joy of the
Confederacy), the railroad hub
and industrial center of the South,
he chose to begin his 270 mile
march to Savannah, GA
• It begun with the burning of
Atlanta and the singing of
Glory!Glory!Hallelujah
• Total War – war plan in which
Sherman chose to destroy all
things in their path; barns,
animals, farms (they did not
destroy towns), and to destroy
southern morale, making the
people of the south feel what war
was like, be terrorized and
helpless
Sherman’s March to the Sea
The Surrender
• April 9th, 1865 Gen. Lee surrendered to Grant at
Appomattox Court House
• Lee was defeated by Grant and lost Richmond to
the North and attempted to meet up with
additional troops in NC but was cut off
• Lee and Grants messaging
• As Lee left the Courthouse the Union soldiers
began to celebrate but Grant stopped them
saying “The war is over, the rebels are our
countrymen again.”
Appomattox Court House
• Although the war was officially over the
Confederates defeated the Union at the battle of
Palmito Ranch in Texas a month later
Lincolns Assassination
• At wars end John
Wilkes Booth, a
southern sympathizer
assassinated Lincoln at
Fords Theatre during
the comedy show My
American Cousin. This
began the largest
federal man hunt that
resulted in the killing of
the assassin and the
hanging of his coconspirators
Ticket out the door
• Explain how the Civil War ended?
• How did Lincoln want to treat the
Confederates? Why?
• Create a flow map of the battles. Include a
picture with a brief caption
1. Explain the importance of the battle of Antietam to
the Civil War?
2. What was the purpose of the Emancipation
Proclamation? How was this to help the Union?
3. Which side had the greatest advantage? Why?
4. Why was the battle of Gettysburg and Vicksburg
important to the Union campaign?
5. What was the name of the Lincolns military
strategy to defeat the Confederates
• Create a flow map of the battles. Include a picture
with a brief caption
Quiz
1. Complete flow map Ft. Sumter to Shermans
march to the sea
2. Which side do you think had the greatest
advantage? Why?
3. What was the importance of the Emancipation
Proclamation?
4. Who issued the Gettysburg Address?
5. What was the first battle of the Civil War?
6. What battles were considered the turning point
of the War
Reconstruction Begins
TEST
1. Summarize the important points of Lincoln’s
1st and 2nd Inaugural Address
2. Summarize the Union’s War strategy and how
it was implemented?
3. What battles turned the tide for the War?
How might the War ended had the
Confederates won those battles? Why?