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Lesson 7 Printouts Lesson Seven, Culture Ethnic Food and Beverages The region features several major culinary influences, including Mediterranean, Near Eastern, and Central European. Some culinary habits (such as roasting young lambs and piglets on a spit, eating animal brains, testicles, etc.) may strike American visitor as unusual. However, ethnic food and beverages byand-large are tasty and congruent with American nutritional habits. Most common beverages include wine, as well as brendy prepared from both plums and grapes. Here are the most common ethnic foods and beverages: Appetizers Most common apetizers are cheeses, salami, hams, and pickled vegetables. These apetizers are often used as snack when drinking acoholic beverages. Appetizer is predjelo 'lit. before-the-meal' in SerboCroatian. Best know cheeses come from the regions of the island of Pag in Croatia, city Sjenica in Montenegro, and city of Travnik with its mountain Vlašić in Bosnia. They are called paški sir, sjenički sir, travnički/vlašićki sir. Another regional common dairy product is kajmak, a rich and salty dairy cream. Most beloved variety is užički kajmak produced in the vicinity of Užice, Serbia. Best known meat delicatessen are smoked ham, called pršut or pršuta, with njeguška pršuta from the Njeguši region in Montenegro being the most respected variety, as well as different kinds of hard salami, sudžuk or sudžuka form Bosnia, and sremska kobasica from Serbia. Best known pickled vegetables are sauerkraut (called kiseli kupus), pickled peppers, called kisele paprike, often stuffed with sauerkraut, and pickles, called kiseli krastavci in addition, there is a vegetable spread prepared from peppers and eggplants called ajvar. Some main course items, such as pita (see below) can also be used as appetizers Soups There are three words for soup juha in Croatian, supa, elsewhere in the region, and čorba, thick soup (word used outside of Croatia). Three best known kinds of soup are begova čorba (lit. bey's soup) from Bosnia, rich in vegetables and small chunks of meat and somewhat unusual istarska supa (lit. Istrian soup, after the region Istria) from Croatia, prepared with wine and olive oil, and riblja čorba (lit. fish soup) - fish stew, prepared in particular in the areas along the Danube river in Serbia and Croatia. Main Courses Serbo-Croatian word is glavno jelo. Most common "fast food" main course items are as follows. First, pita, also known as burek, phyllo 1 dough stuffed with either meat, spinach, potatoes, or chese. While the word burek is used in Bosnia for only meat variety of this stuffed dough, the word designates the dough with any kind of stuffing elsewhere. Pita is serverd in the parlors called burekdžinica. Second ćevapčići, small grilled meat sausages, served with Near-Eastern style bread and onions. These and other grill products are served at the parlors called ćevabdžinica. Other ethnic food products widely spread across the region are cabage or vine leafs stuffed with meat and rice, called sarma and bell peppers stuffed with the same mass called punjene paprike. Spitroasted lamb jagnjetina or janjetina and young pork prasetina are popular all across the region. In the Mediteranean, a variety of seafood is available. The most esquisite seafood comprises dentex, cuttlefish, squid, and shrimp. A popular seafood dish is brodet, a stew composed of several varieties of fish. It is worth noting that bread is an obligatory component of any main course even if the side dish are potatoes, polenta, or rice. Also, one should know that salads are eaten simultaneously with the main course rather than ahead of it. Deserts The aforementioned pita also comes as a desert filled with apples or cheries. Most other deserts have Near Eastern origins and are ubiquitous in Bosnia. They include rahat-lokum also called ratluk, i.e., Turkish delight, apples stuffed with walnuts and cooked in sweet water called tufahije, and baklave i.e., baklawa. There is also traditional preserve, served with water as the first item to any visitors in Serbia, called slatko, boiled wheat with walnuts and honey served on Serbian family patron's day. Finally, northwestern Croatia is known for its strudel called štrukli. Beverages Beverages, i.e., pića can be alkoholna 'alcoholic' or bezalkoholna 'soft'. Beverages of choice are wine and brandies. Other alcoholic beverages do not have tradition in the region and should be avoided. This is particularly true about beer, which is characterized by very low quality despite all claims made by the locals. Two common varieties of brandy are plum brandy, called šljivovica in the center and the north of the region, and grappa, i.e., grape brandy, called lozovača in the south. Both brandies come in different strengths from 40 to 140 proof. Most respected varieties are distilled in monasteries. The generic name of manastirka refers to such brandy. Although there are wine regions in the north, especially around Kutjevo in Croatia, and Vršac in Serbia, best known vinyards are in the south along the coast of the Adriatic sea. Most distinguished sorts are called Babić, Malvazija, Plavac, Pošip, Postup, and Žilavka. It is interesting to point out that Californian Zinfandel originates from Croatian Plavac Kaštelanski Major Tourist Points of Interest Although major urban centers, mentioned earlier in this course offer important sightseeing points, it is the regions in the province that offer most 2 interesting natural and historic sights. In Northern Croatia, one can find medieval castles, such as Trakošćan, and numerous hot thermal spas. The Adriatic coast of Croatia and Montenegro offers numerous examples of Ancient Roman, Medieval, and Renaissance architecture (primarily in the cities of Pula, Zadar, Šibenik, Split, and Dubrovnik in Croatia, as well as Kotor, Buva, and Bar in Montenegro). The region is furthermore characterized by marvels of natural beauty, such as the archipelago of Kornati near Zadar, Plitvice lakes in the hiterland to the North of the port of Šibenik, both in Croatia, and the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro. Finally, the region is abundant in marvelous stone beaches. Serbia is known for the sites of neolitic culture, such as Vinča, Ancient Roman sites (e.g., Gamzigrad and Mediana), and most importantly for numerous medieval monostaries, such as Žiča and Studenica. Natural beauties in Serbia and continental Montenegro include the Đerdap gorge on the Danube, the canyon of Tara. Serbia is also known for its health spas, such as Vrnjačka banja. Bosnia and Herzegovina are best known for perils of Islamic architecture, with numerous mosques, clock-towers, and hamams in many towns, some of which, such as Počitelj, have preserved the entire city structure from the times of the Turkish rule (15-19 century). Best known natural marvel is Perućica, the only preserved European jungle. Mountains around Sarajevo, Bjelašnica and Jahorina, offer excellent skiing terrains. Popular Music Popular music in the region falls under the following broad categories: Traditional rural and urban - listen to by mostly older audiences in both rural and urban areas. Best known varieties include Serbian starogradske pesme, Bosnian Muslim sevdalinke, Northern Croatian popevke and Southern Croatian dalmatinske pisme. This kind of music is usually called izvorna narodna muzika/glazba. Most notable preformers are Predrag Gojković Cune, Zvonko Bogdan, and Dušan Dančuo (starogradske pesme), Safet Isović and Himzo Polovina (sevdalinke), Ladarice (popevke), Klapa "Omiš" and Klapa "Trogir" (dalmatinske pisme). These varieties are somewhat of a functional equivalent of blues or folk in the United States. • Contemporary folk - This variety of music, called novokomponovana narodna muzika or narodnjaci is less spread in Croatia. There, the kind of music which serves the same social functions is the Dalmatinian (southern Croatian) version of pop music. Both narodnjaci and dalmatinski pop are roughly an equivalent of coutnry western music, listened to by less educated rural populations. Examples of such music can be found in performers like Miroslav Ilić, Sinan Sakić, Halid Muslimović (narodnjaci), Mišo Kovač and Milo Hrnić (dalmatinski pop). • Pop - This kind of music, called zabavna muzika/glazba, is popular in both rural and urban areas. It features two varieties - older scores performed mostly by individual singers and newer songs played mostly by pop bands. Performers like Oliver Dragojević, Zdravko Čolić, and Leo Martin represent the first variety, while bands like Plavi orkerstar and Crvena Jabuka offer examples of the second kind of music. • Rock and alternative - This musical genre is popular mostly in urban areas. The most popular older rock bands include Bijelo dugme and Indeksi. There are also numerous newer rock groups such as Haustor or Električni orgazam. Bands like Disciplina kičme and No Smoking Band offer excellent examples of the alternative rock music. • The Web page http://www.nostalgija.com offers mp3 samples of the aforementioned performers. Just follow the link Muzika and note that performers are sorted by their names not by their surnames. Thus, when looking for Mišo Kovač, one should go to M rather than K section of the archive. 3 Lesson Seven, The Instrumental When to Use It Prototypical meanings Non-prepositional Instrumental The non-prepositional instrumental is prototypically a very broadly understood instrument as in: kopati lopatom pisati rukom ‘dig with a showel’ ‘write with a hand’ Prepositional Instrumental Prototypical meaning of the prepositional instrumental is accompanying person, element, or feature. In this meaning it is used with the preposition s(a) ‘with’, for example: person element feature putovati sa prijateljem soba sa doručkom kuća sa balkonom travel with a friend bed with breakfast house with a balcony Atypical meanings Non-prepositional instrumental The non-prepositional instrumental is found in the following atypical functions: Meaning space covered ergative ablative Example Ići šumom obliven kišom smrdjeti nečovještvom Translation ‘walk through a forest’ ‘wet from rain’ ‘stink as inhumanity’ objective učiniti zapovjednikom ‘make a commander’ comparative nadvisiti znanjem temporal raditi nedjeljom ‘overpower with knowledge’ ‘work on Sunday’ Form šumom ‘forest, Ins.Sg.’ kišom ‘rain, Ins.Sg.’ nečovještvom ‘inhumanity, Ins.Sg.’ zapovjednikom ‘commander, Ins.Sg.’ znanjem ‘knowledge, Ins.Sg.’ nedeljom ‘Sunday, Ins.Sg.’ Prepositional Instrumental The prepositional instrumental is found in the following atypical meanings: Meaning circumstance time element in relation to Preposition s(a) ‘with’ s(a) ‘with’ za ‘behind’, među ‘between’, nad ‘above’, pod ‘below’, pred ‘in front’ Example s naporom s vremenom nad kućom Translation with effort with time above the house 4 How to modify nouns, adjectives, and pronouns Nouns Case Singular Maculine Plural Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine i 0 a o/e e Nominative prozori, profesor studentkinja selo/polje studentkinje profesori -om/-em -om/-em om ima ama Instrumental selom, profesorom/prijateljem studentkinjom profesorima studentkinjama poljem Neuter a sela, polja ima selima, poljima One should note that the forms of the Instrumental in plural are identical to those of Dative/Locative. Also, soft masculine and neuter stems (but not feminine stems) assume the ending -em while hard stems assume the ending -om. Feminine nouns ending in a consonant have either i or u which palatalizes the stem in the singular, and ima in plural, e.g., kosti or košću in singular and kostima in plural. The u form in the singular is more common in the Serbian variant. 5 Nominal case endings which need to be remembered thus far are as follows: Case Singular Plural Masculine- MaculineFeminine Inanimate animate 0 prozor Nominative 0 profesor Neuter a studentkinja o/e selo/polje Gentive a prozora, profesora e studentkinje a sela, polja Dative/Locative u prozoru, profesoru i studentkinji u selu, polju a u profesora studentkinju o/e selo, polje Accusative Vocative Instrumental 0 prozor e/u prozore, malju, profesore, kralju o studentkinjo o/e selo/polje Masculine Feminine Neuter i a e prozori, sela, studentkinje profesori polja a a e prozora, sela, studentkinja profesora polja ima ima ama prozorima, selima, studentkinjama profesorima poljima e a e prozore, sela, studentkinje profesore polja i a e prozori, sela, studentkinje profesori polja om/em ima a om om/em ama prozorom, maljem, prozorima, selima, studentkinjom selimom/poljem studentkinjama profesorom, kraljem profesoriima poljima The following adjectival and nominal forms are covered in this course hitherto: Adjectival and nominal forms covered thus far are as follows: 6 Case Nominative Singular MasculineInanimate 0/i, 0 + 0 visok, visoki, moj prozor Plural Maculine-animate 0/i, 0 + 0 visok, visoki, moj profesor Feminine a+a visoka, moja studentkinja og(a)/eg(a) + a og(a)/eg(a) + a e+e visokog(a), Genitive visokog(a), vrućeg(a), visoke, moje vrućeg(a), mojeg(a) mojeg(a) profesora studentkinje prozora Om(e/u)/em(e/u) + om(e/u)/em(e/u) + u u oj + i visokom(e/u), Dative/Locative visokom(e/u), visokoj, mojoj vrućem(e/u), vrućem(e/u), studentkinji mojem(e/u) mojem(e/u) prozoru profesoru Neuter o/e + o/e visoko, vruće, moje selo, polje og(a)/eg(a) + a visokog(a), vrućeg(a), mojeg(a) sela, polja om(e/u)/em(e/u) + u visokom(e/u), vrućem(e/u), mojem(e/u) selu/polju Accusative 0/i, 0 + 0 visok, visoki, moj prozor Og(a)/eg(a) + a visokog(a), vrućeg(a), mojeg(a) profesora u+u visoku, moju studentkinju o/e + o/e visoko, vruće, moje selo, polje Vocative 0/i, 0 + e/u visok, visoki, moj prozore, malju 0/i, 0 + e/u visok, visoki, moj profesore, kralju a+o visoka, moja studentkinjo o/e + o/e visoko, vruće, moje selo, polje Instrumental im + om/em visokim, vrućim, mojim prozorom, maljem im + om/em visokim, vrućim, mojim profesorom, kraljem om + om visokom, mojom studentkinjom im + om/em visokim, vrućim, mojim selom/poljem Masculine i+i visoki, moji prozori, profesori ih + a visokih, mojih prozora, profesora im + ima visokim, mojim profesorima e+e visoke, moje prozore, profesore i+i visoki, moji prozori, profesori im + ima visokim, mojim profesorima Feminine Neuter e+e visoke, moje studentkinje a+a visoka, moja sela, polja ih + a visokih, mojih studentkinja ih + a visokih, mojih sela, polja im + ama im + ima visokim, mojim visokim, mojim + studenkinjama poljima/selima e+e visoke, moje studentkinje a+a visoka, moja sela, polja e+e visoke, moje studentkinje a+a visoka, moja sela, polja im + ama im + ima visokim, mojim visokim, mojim + studenkinjama poljima/selima 7 Lesson Seven, Adverbs Adverbs fall into the following six lexical categories: a. spatial (e.g., tamo ‘there’, gore ‘upstairs’, etc.) b. temporal (e.g., danas ‘today’, sutra ‘tomorrow’, tada ‘then’, etc.), c. causal (e.g., zato ‘for that reason’, etc.), d. resultative (e.g., uzalud ‘in vain’, etc.), e. modal (e.g, vešto ‘skillfully’, brzo ‘quickly’, etc.) f. quantitative (e.g., mnogo ‘many/much’, etc.), Just like adjectives, adverbs can be scaleable or non-scaleable. Scalable adjectives engage in the comparison paradigm. Their form in writting is equal to the neuter Nominative Singular of the adjectival form in all three comparison forms, i.e., the absolute, comparative, and superlative, for example: Absolute masculine brz ‘quick’ Adjective: Adverb: Absolute neuter brzo brzo ‘quickly’ Absolute Comparative neuter brže brže Comparative Superlative neuter najbrže najbrže Superlative as in: brzo rešenje rešiti brzo brže rešenje rešiti brže ‘quick solution’ ‘solve quickly’ ‘quicker solution’ ‘solve quicklier’ Adj Nom.Sg.neut, abs.-Noun Verb-Adv, abs Adj Nom.Sg.neut, comp.-Noun Verb-Adv, comp The exception from this rule is are adjectives ending in –ki and -ji the absolute of which is equal to the masculine nominative form of the adjective in the absolute: Adjective: Adverb: Absolute Masculine mrtvački ‘bloodles’ mrtvački ‘bloodlesly’ Absolute neuter mrtvačko Absolute Comparative neuter mrtvačkije mrtvačkije Comparative Superlative neuter najmrtvačkije najmrtvačkije Superlative All rules of comparison are thus already discussed in the section devoted to the adjectives. According to their origin, one can differentiate the original, derived and compound adverb, a follows. original adverbs derived Nominal adjectival pronominal Numeral Verbal sada ‘now’ noću ‘at night’ – noć ‘night’ brzo ‘quickly’ – brz ‘quick’ naški ‘in our way’ – naš ‘our’ dvaput ‘twice’ – dva ‘two’ ćutke ‘silently’ – ćutati ‘keep quiet’ 8 adverbial compound prepositional-nominal prepositional-adverbial prepositional-pronominal prepositional-prepositional natrag ‘backwards’ – natraške ‘in a backward manner’ uveče ‘in the evening’ – u ‘in’ & veče ‘evening’ dosad ‘until now’ – do ‘until’ & sad ‘now potom ‘thereafter’ – po ‘after’ & to ‘that’ tamo-vamo ‘here and there’ Lesson Seven, The Future Tense When to Use It There are two future tenses in Serbo-Croatian -- the Future Tense and the Relative Future. They respective meanings will be discussed in turn. The prototypical meaning of the Future Tense is a non-relative future event, for example: Example On će raditi na univerzitetu. On će uraditi zadaću. Translation Form ‘He will work at the university’ će raditi, ‘will work’ 3rd p.Sg. imperfective ‘He will do his homewor’ će uraditi ‘will do’, 3rd p.Sg. perfective Atypical meanings The Future Tense is found in the following atypical meanings: Meaning Relative event Qualificative Example Razgovarali su pre nego što će Turci udariti On će svakoga poslušati Order Kupićeš pola hljeba Hypothetical event Uncertainty Ako ćeš pravo, ... To će biti Marko ‘That is (lit. will be) Marko, right’ Dok je leđa, biće samara Gnomic truth Translation ‘They had talked before the Turks have hit (lit. will hit) them’ ‘He listens (lit. will listen) to everybody’ ‘Go and buy (lit. You will buy) half a bread’ ‘If you want the truth...’ ‘As long as there are backs, there will be saddles’ Relative Future Prototypical meanings Relative Future is found in the following two prototypical meanings: Meaning Future precedent or concurrent event Example Translation Kad dođem, otići ćemo u kino ‘When I get, we will go to the movies’ 9 Real hypothetical event Ako budeš učio, položićeš ‘If you learn, you will pass the exam’ Atypical meanings Atypical meaning of relative future is relative past, for example: Da ne budeš zaboravio ‘Didn’t you forget’ Adverbs fall into the following six lexical categories: a. spatial (e.g., tamo ‘there’, gore ‘upstairs’, etc.) b. temporal (e.g., danas ‘today’, sutra ‘tomorrow’, tada ‘then’, etc.), c. causal (e.g., zato ‘for that reason’, etc.), d. resultative (e.g., uzalud ‘in vain’, etc.), e. modal (e.g, vešto ‘skillfully’, brzo ‘quickly’, etc.) f. quantitative (e.g., mnogo ‘many/much’, etc.), How to Form It The Future Tense The Future Tense has one compound and one simple form. The simple form is spelled in Croatian and Bosnian Muslim standard in a different manner than in Serbian. It is pronounced equally in all three standards. Compound form: first second third Auxilliary Singular ću ćeš će Main verb Plural ćemo ćete će + Infinitive In Serbian standard da + Present Tense is used instead of the Infinitive. Both number and person of the auxiliary and the main verb have to be coordinated in that case. Simple form Simple form is generated using the infinitive form of the paradigm marker first second third Pronounciation Serbian Spelling Cro&BosM Spelling Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural {a,e,i,u,0}-ću {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}-ću {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}-t {a,e,i,u,0}-t ćemo ćemo ću ćemo {a,e,i,u,0}-ćeš {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}-t {a,e,i,u,0}-t ćete ćeš ćete ćeš ćete {a,e,i,u,0}će {a,e,i,u,0}-će {a,e,i,u,0}će {a,e,i,u,0}-će {a,e,i,u,0}-t {a,e,i,u,0}-t će će Only compound form has truth values. They are generated by modifying the auxilliary as follows: 10 Negative Interrogative 1 Singular Plural Singular first neću nećemo First da li ću second nećeš Nećete second da li ćeš third neće Neće Third da li će Interrogative-Negative Singular Plural first neću li nećemo li second nećeš li Nećete li third neće li neće li Plural ćemo ćete će Interrogative 2 Singular first hoću li second hoćeš li third hoće li Plural hoćemo li hoćete li hoće li The Relative Future The Relative engages in the paradgims of person, number, and gender. It is a compound tense consisting of the auxilliary verb with person and number marked and the main verb with number and gender marked. The number of the auxiliary and the number of the main verb have to be coordinated. If the former is in the singular, the latter has to be in the singular as well. Same is true for the plural. Relative future has 18 different forms. first second third Singular budem budeš bude Plural budemo budete budu + masculine feminine neuter Singular {a,e,i,u,0}-o1 2 {a,e,i,u,0}-la {a,e,i,u,0}-lo Plural {a,e,i,u,0}-li {a,e,i,u,0}-le {a,e,i,u,0}-la 1 [cons]o vs. [cons]ao 2 eo vs. io in ijekavian The negative truth value is formed by modifying the auxilliary in the manner full verbs are modified in simple tenses (e.g., the Present Tense), i.e., by adding the particle ne. There is one interrogative and the interrogative form but they have the conditional meaning Form Derivation Example Translation affirmative [affirmative] budem radio ‘I will work.’ negative ne [affirmative] ne budem radio ‘I will not work’ conditional [affirmative] li budem li radio? ‘if I work’ negative conditional ne [affirmative] li ne budem li radio? ‘if I not work’ Lesson Seven, Communicative Skills The communicative skills for this lesson includes the following: • Promissing, giving assurances: Uradit ću/Uradiću to sigurno. 'I will do that for sure'; Uradit ću/Uradiću to sigurno. 'I will do that for sure'; Uradit ću/Uradiću što/šta mogu. 'I will do what I can'; Pokušat ću/Pokušaću. 'I will try'; Nema problema. 'No problem'; • Proposing, accepting and declining : Inviting: Hoćeš li/Hoćete li [noun phrase, accusative]Hoćeš li u pozorište. 'Do you want to go to theater'; Hajdemo [noun phrase, accusative] Idemo na košarkašku utakmicu. 'Let us go to the basketball game'; 11 Inviting: Da, svakako. 'Yes, of course' Inviting: Nažalost, ne mogu. 'Unfortunately, I cannot' • Indicating mood : [subject][verb][adverb][adverb] On vozi veoma brzo. 'He drives very fast'; Tu je [adverb][adverb]. Tu je veoma prijatno. 'It is very pleasant here'; Lesson Seven, Vocabulary The vocabulary for this lesson includes the following: • Sightseeing and travel: obići 'visit', spomenik 'monument', brod 'ship', avion 'airplane', automobil 'automobile', voz/vlak 'train', iznajmiti 'rent' e.g., a car • Restaurants, bars, etc.: naručiti 'order', piće 'drink', platiti 'pay', konobar 'waiter', vino 'wine', pivo 'beer', rakija 'brandy', sok 'juice', kafa/kahva/kava 'coffee', led 'ice', popiti 'drink', • Cuisine: kuhati/kuvati 'cook', jelo 'meal'supa/juha 'soup', salata 'salad', šnicla 'steak', so/sol 'salt', biber/papar 'pepper' the condiment, not vegetable, ulje 'oil', sastojci 'ingredients', Lesson Seven, Norms Spelling of the Future Tense There are two ways of spelling the auxilliary verb in the future tense. First, it can preceed the main verb in which case it is always spelled separatey, for example: Ja ću raditi 'I will work' It can also be spelled after the main verb, in which case the following rules apply: • Verbs ending in ći are always spelled separately from the auxilliary, e.g., Doći ću. 'I will come.' • Verbs ending in ti are spelled in the following manner Croatian&Bosnian Muslim Serbian delete i, spell separately, e.g. delete ti, spell together, e.g., radit ću 'I will work.' radiću Lesson Seven, Text One [Translation of the text] [Listen to the text] Putovanje po bivšoj Jugoslaviji Robert je Amerikanac na studijskom boravku u Hrvatskoj. Zanima ga cijelo područje bivše Jugoslavije, pa je sastavio ovakav plan putovanja za ovo ljeto. 12 Prvo ću vlakom otići od Zagreba do Rijeke, iz Rijeke ću kolima otići do Pule da vidim Arenu, spomenik iz rimskog doba. Kad se vratim u Rijeku, iznajmit ću automobil i njime se odvesti do Splita da vidim Dioklecijanovu palaču. Tamo ću se sresti s Lukom, s kojim ću dalje ići putom uz more do Dubrovnika, gdje ćemo vidjeti stari grad. Iz Dubrovnika ćemo brodom otići u Kotor, a odande autobusom u Bosnu i tamo obići gradove Mostar i Sarajevo. Luka će se tada vratiti u Split, a ja ću u Sarajevu ponovo iznajmiti automobil ovaj put sa otvorenim krovom i odvesti se u jugozapadnu Srbiju da vidim manastire. Odande ću otputovati u Beograd. Iz Beograda ću se avionom vratiti u Zagreb. Notes 1. The verb zanimati 'interest' is used as follows. Putovanje zanima Roberta. literally 'Travel interests Robert.' actually 'Robert is interested in travelling.' Lesson Seven, Text Two Sok s ledom Jelena i Milan ulaze u kafić i razgovaraju. Jelena: Šta ćeš ti da popiješ? Milan: Ne znam - nešto hladno. Jelena: Ja ću uzeti sok s ledom. Milan: Ja još ne znam. Pitaću konobara kad dođe. Konobar: Izvolite, šta ćete da popijete? Jelena: Molim Vas sok od jabuke s ledom. Konobar: Odmah ću doneti. A šta ćete Vi gospodine? Milan: Imate li neku dobru rakiju? Konobar: Imamo domaću rakiju? Milan: E, ja ću onda to i još mineralnu vodu sa limunom i ledom. Konobar im donosi piće. Konobar: Evo, izvolite. Milan i Jelena: Hvala! 13 Kad su popili, Milan diže ruku i govori konobaru: Da platimo! Konobar: Sok, rakija, mineralna voda sa limunom - sve skupa sto dinara. Milan: Evo izvolite - sto dvadeset dinara. Kusur ne treba. Konobar: Hvala mnogo i dođite opet. Notes 1. Izvolite is the phrase most commonly used to address a patron and a client. It is used by shop clerks and waiters alike 2. Da platim, literally: 'So that I pay' or Da platimo literally 'so that we pay' are the equivalent of the English 'The check, please' 3. Kusur ne treba literally 'Change is not needed' is the equivalent of the English 'Keep the change'. Tip is called napojnica or, colloquially bakšiš Lesson Seven, Text Three Nedjeljni ručak Sadik će ove sedmice na nedjeljni ručak ići u restoran sa svojim roditeljima i bratom. Do roditelja će ići tramvajem broj dva, a njegov brat, s kojim se sreće tamo, ići će autobusom broj dvanaest. Onda će svi skupa sjesti u kola i odvesti se u restoran Plava voda. Za piće će uzeti sokove, vino i pivo, za predjelo sir i salatu. Onda će naručiti supu a nakon toga glavno jelo: šnicle sa krompirom ili rižom kao prilogom i salatom. Za desert će uzeti kolače i kahvu. Na kraju će Sadikov otac Hamo svakog odvesti svojoj kući. Notes 1. Note that salad is customary eaten alongside with the meal rather than precedent to it as in the United States Lesson Seven, Text Four [Translation of the text] [Listen to the text] Recept Sarma ( glavno jelo) Sastojci za četiri osobe 20 dg govedine 20 dg svinjetina 14 50 dg kiselog kupusa 10 dg slanine hamburgera 20 dg suhih svinjskih rebara 5 dg riže malo peršina 1 suha domaća kobasica žlica mljevene crvene paprike žlica brašna 1/2 dl ulja žlica koncentrata rajčice sol i papar Priprava Meso samljeti, dodati sitno narezanu slaninu, posoliti i popapriti, dodati sjeckani peršin, rižu poprženu na malo ulja, i crvenu papriku te sve dobro izmiješati. Listove kiselog kupusa oprati i nadjenuti mesnom smjesom te saviti i dobro učvrstiti krajeve. Dno posude obložiti preostalim listovima kupusa i na njih posložiti sarme. Između sarmi posložiti komadiće svinjskih rebara i kolutiće suhe kobasice. Odozgo posložiti listove kupusa te sve preliti vodom i kuhati oko sat vremena na laganoj vatri. Na ulju popržiti žlicu brašna, dodati razrijeđeni koncentrat rajčice, prokuhati i preliti preko sarma. Posudu staviti u zagrijanu pećnicu i peći još sat do dva na temperaturi od 160 stupnjeva celzija ili kuhati na štednjaku na laganoj vatri još dva sata. Notes 1. kiseli kupus literally 'sour cabage' is 'sauerkraut'. In addition to being offered shreaded, it is also available in leafs, which are then used to prepare the sarma i.e., stuffed sauerkraut leaves. In addition to sauerkraut, grape leaves, and Swiss chard leaves can be used to prepare this meal. 2. hamburger means 'hamburger' but also, as is the case above, a lean bakon. 3. Measures here, just like in the rest of the world other than the United States, are expressed in the metric system. 15