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By Justin and Kirk The stomach is a muscular bag forming the dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is J-shaped and lies in the upper part of abdomen. This region is under a cover of the lower ribs, which protects the stomach. The stomachs main functions are to store food, mix food, and control the rate in which it delivers food to the small intestine. Fundus- its is the main part of the stomach which projects upward, is dome shaped, and usually is full of gas Middle- The middle of stomach extends from the level of the cardiac orifice to the level of the incisura angularis Pyloric Antrum- It extends from the incisura angularis to the pylorus and lies between the body and the pylorus Pylorus- It is the last tubular part of the stomach and has a thick muscular wall which forms the pyloric sphincter Longitudinal fibers- These are the most superficial fibers of the muscular wall of stomach. They are concentrated along the curvatures Circular fibers- They lie beneath the longitudinal fibers and encircle the body of the stomach. They are greatly thickened at the pylorus to form the pyloric sphincter Oblique fibers- They form the innermost muscle coat of wall of stomach Yes it does! In fact the stomach has 5 different types of arteries. The right and Left gastroepiploic arteries, the right and left gastric arteries, and the short gastric arteries. The LES is a ring of muscle the forms a valve at the lower end of the esophagus, where it joins the stomach The Pyloric Sphincter is located at the bottom of the stomach and is the contracting ring of muscle which guards the entrance of the to small intestine The Pyloric Sphincter keeps the stomach shut at the far end so that it has a chance to digest proteins, then it opens and allows the contents of the stomach, to pass through the pyloric sphincter and enter the small intestine. So basically it just controls the emptying of chyme into duodenum The LES remains closed except during swallowing, when it allows food from the esophagus into the stomach. When its closed it prevents backflow of the stomach acid into the esophagus Some disorders caused by a weak sphincter Heartburn, Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER), and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) The pain from these is tremendous but treatment is simple! Things such as antacids, foaming agents, prokinetics, proton pump inhibitors, and h2 blockers are all used to aid these disorders! In extreme cases surgery is necessary, but its very rare. Surgeries consist of stitching the LES or burning it to help it stay shut A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. A burning stomach pain is the most common symptom Ulcers come and go quickly, some may come and go for a few days or weeks, some may bother you more when your stomach is empty, and some just go away after you eat. Treatment may include medicines to block stomach acids or antibiotics to kill ulcer-causing bacteria. Not smoking and avoiding alcohol can help. Surgery may help for ulcers that don't heal