Download The Civil War

US History
Fort Burrows
The Civil War – A Love ♥♥ Story
North + South = LOVE
Time Line:
Early 1600s – First Introduced
1700s – dated a lot, both had with many Suitors from many countries
1763 – became Exclusive and Engaged with each other
1776, July 4 – Married
1820s – Began ‘The Argument’, became Sectionalized
1850s – Friends started to pick sides
1860, December 20 – South moves-out of D.C. to new home
{Capitol of South, Richmond, VA}
by February 1861, South had taken 7 friends to the new town
1861, April 12, 4:30am, the 1st mortar round was fired at Fort Sumter
1861 – The 1st major battle of the war takes place at Bull Run on July 21st
1862 – Union gunboats capture New Orleans and Memphis {PORTS}
– Great Britain refuses to recognize the Confederacy (South)
1863 – The Battle of Gettysburg ends the Confederate drive into the North
– Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
1864 – General U.S. Grant becomes commander of the Union Army
1865, April 9 – General Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House
Civil War Amendments – 13th , 14th , & 15th Amendments
13th Amendment – Abolition of Slavery (1865)
14th Amendment – Rights of Citizens ( includes ALL freedmen ) (1868)
15th Amendment – Voting Rights ( for former slave males ) (1869)
One definition of democracy might be a system in which the people have a say in how they are
governed. If that is the case, the American Civil War is perhaps the one major example in our history of
the system breaking down. The North and the South came to blows, in large part because not all “the
people”—African American slaves in particular—had a say in how they were governed. Many historians,
including B&B Ranch historians, consider the Civil War to be a major turning point in US History. At no
point since have US citizens been so bitterly divided on issues that they have taken up arms against one
another. The war’s legacy is a strong federal government, but one that still struggles to achieve true
equality for all its citizens.
The Average Age of a great civilization has been around 200 years. We are past the average, 1776, 239+
years. Throughout history nations have progress in the same ways. Nations go from:
Bondage to Spiritual Faith.
Spiritual Faith to Great Courage.
Great Courage to Liberty.
Liberty to Abundance.
Abundance to Complacency.
Complacency to Apathy.
Apathy to Dependence.
Dependence to Bondage.
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Vocabulary:
Bondage - the state of being bound by or subjected to some external power or control
Spiritual Faith - Of, from, or relating to God, a Belief that does not rest on logical proof or material
evidence
Great Courage - more than usual, quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty
Liberty - The condition of being free from restriction or control
Abundance - Affluence; wealth
Complacency - A feeling of contentment or self-satisfaction
Apathy - Lack of concern regarding matters of general importance or appeal; indifference
Dependence - the state of relying on or needing someone or something for aid, support, etc.
racism -- the belief that one race is by nature superior to another
border state -- slave state that remained in the Union during the civil war
martial law -- ruled by the army instead of the elected government
Setting the Scene:
President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve as soldiers in a campaign against
the South. The term of enlistment was only 90 days—most northerners believed that the war would be over
quickly. In the words of one confident Union supporter, “We shall crush out this rebellion as an elephant
would trample a mouse.”
Southerners were just as convinced that a Confederate victory would be quick. A confederate in
North Carolina predicted, “Just throw three or four bombshells among those blue-bellied Yankees and
they’ll scatter like sheep.”
With flags held high, both northerners and southerners marched off to war. Most felt certain that a
single, gallant battle would bring a quick end to the conflict. Few suspected that the Civil War would last
four terrible years. By the time fighting was over, every part of American society would be affected by the
Civil War.
Nick Names:
Northern States
Blue Bellies
Union
Yankees
Southern States
Johnny Reb
Grey Backs
Rebels
¿¿ Name the Confederate States of America. Try to do it in ORDER…
Original members of the CSA (7)
1.
3.
5.
7.
Last 4 to join CSA (total of 11 states)
1.
3.
2.
4.
6.
2.
4.
A Nation Divided
 Southerners believed they had a right to leave the Union; the “war for Southern independence”
 Independence so they could keep their traditional way of life
 Northerners had to fight to save the Union; abolishing slavery was not the main issue
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

In fact, many northerners believed in racism; they actually approved of slavery
April 1861, eight slave states remained in the Union; these states had half of the South’s population
and food crop, cotton is not the issue
 However, four states quickly joined; North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Virginia
note  In Western Virginia—there were few slave owners, most people supported the Union; so, when
Virginia left the Union, citizens of Western Virginia formed their own government and became a new state
in the Union, West Virginia, 1863
 The southern border states remained in the Union; Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware,
and in 1863-West Virginia
 Maryland very important to the Union because it bordered the nation’s capital of Washington, D.C.
 President Lincoln declared martial law; many ‘South’ supporters were arrested
Strengths and Weaknesses
 South had advantage of fighting a defensive war
*** What is a defensive war ? ________________________________
 Confederate President Jefferson Davis,
“We seek no conquest…All we ask is to be left alone”
 The South
 Confederate Advantages:
 Southerners were fighting for independence; a.k.a. American Revolution
 Defending their homeland and way of life
 Friendly civilians showed the troops obscure roads not on any maps
 Confederate troops used the ‘woods’ throughout the south as cover
against the invading Union troops
 Confederate Disadvantages:
 Few factories to produce weapons, very limited railroad tracks
 Heavy emphasis on state’s rights; limited Confederate government
authority – example – governor of Georgia insisted only Georgian
officers should command Georgian troops
 Small population, 9 million to 22 million; 3 of the 9 million were slaves
 Not enough people to serve as soldiers, farmers,
machinists, etc. to support
the war effort
 The North
 Union Advantages:
 4:1 population; 22 to 6 million free citizens; more people to grow food, work in factories,
replace dead soldiers, etc.
 Industry the North’s greatest resource; produced 90% of the manufactured goods in the US
 Quickly converted factories to produce guns, bullets, cannons, boots, uniforms, etc.
 7 out of 10 miles of railroad track in the North: used to move troops and products quickly
 Strong Navy and large fleet of trading ships;
the North controlled the seas -- Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico
 Union Disadvantages:
 Northern troops had to conquer huge areas of unfamiliar land
 Supply lines were long and vulnerable to Confederate attack
 This was to be a police action; the North did not want to take over land
*** TAKS 8.30 C ¿¿ How would factory production be an advantage for the North ?
Produce weapons, railroad trains and tracks, uniforms, blankets, shoes
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War’s Leaders
 Both sides had strong leaders; North – Abe Lincoln, South – Jefferson Davis
 Both sides had strong military leaders North – US Grant, South – Robert E Lee
 President Jefferson Davis
 Davis was thought to be a stronger leader than Lincoln
 Davis’s experience prepared him for his position
 Attended the United States Military Academy at West Point
 Officer in the Mexican War
 Secretary of War for President Pierce
 Widely respected by his peers; honest and courageous
 Weakness: Did not allow others to work out the small details of military planning;
as a result, he spent much of his time on small matters and arguing with his advisors
 President Abraham Lincoln
 He did not have much military or political experience
 He was patient
 He became a strong leader and fine war planner
 He gained respect; mostly through his sense of humor
 He took criticism with a smile
 He also could have a sharp-tongue
*** TAKS 8.8 A ¿¿ What were the leadership roles of Jefferson Davis versus Abraham Lincoln ?
Davis - military background with a lot of leadership roles, serious most of the time
Lincoln – common sense thinker, patient, not too serious, experience in law making
and debating with leaders
 Military Leaders
 United States Army officers, originally from southern states, had to
decide whether to stay in the Army and fight against home states or join
the Confederate forces
 Robert E Lee faced this issue when Lincoln, his friend, asked him to be the
Union Commander
 In a letter to Lincoln he responded,
“If Virginia stands by the old Union, so will I. But if she secedes…,
then I will still follow my native State with my sword and,
and if need be, with my life.”
Robert E Lee, quoted in Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln
 Virginia did secede and Lee refused Lincoln’s offer
Biography
Robert E Lee came from a distinguished Virginia family. After graduating with honors from West
Point, he served in the Army Corps of Engineers. During the Mexican War, his superior officer
described him as “the very best soldier I ever saw in the field.” Despite that, Lee hated the horror
of war.
When the Civil War broke out, Lee was torn between the Union and his home state of
Virginia. In the end he chose Virginia. “I have not been able to
make up my mind to raise my
hand against my relatives, my children, my home.”
Robert E Lee 1807-1870
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1.
Know details of each side… ?
NORTH
SOUTH
PresidentStrengths-
PresidentStrengths-
GeneralStrengths-
GeneralStrengths-
CapitolWhen did Civil War Begin?
CapitolWhere did Civil War Begin?
When did Civil War End?
Where did Civil War End?
Civil War Amendments?
13th –
Southern Issue? State’s Rights –
free to come and go
14th –
Northern Issue? Keep UNION together
at ALL costs
15th –
North’s Strategy?
.
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South’s Strategy?