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US History Fort Burrows The Civil War – A Love ♥♥ Story North + South = LOVE Time Line: Early 1600s – First Introduced 1700s – dated a lot, both had with many Suitors from many countries 1763 – became Exclusive and Engaged with each other 1776, July 4 – Married 1820s – Began ‘The Argument’, became Sectionalized 1850s – Friends started to pick sides 1860, December 20 – South moves-out of D.C. to new home {Capitol of South, Richmond, VA} by February 1861, South had taken 7 friends to the new town 1861, April 12, 4:30am, the 1st mortar round was fired at Fort Sumter 1861 – The 1st major battle of the war takes place at Bull Run on July 21st 1862 – Union gunboats capture New Orleans and Memphis {PORTS} – Great Britain refuses to recognize the Confederacy (South) 1863 – The Battle of Gettysburg ends the Confederate drive into the North – Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation 1864 – General U.S. Grant becomes commander of the Union Army 1865, April 9 – General Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House Civil War Amendments – 13th , 14th , & 15th Amendments 13th Amendment – Abolition of Slavery (1865) 14th Amendment – Rights of Citizens ( includes ALL freedmen ) (1868) 15th Amendment – Voting Rights ( for former slave males ) (1869) One definition of democracy might be a system in which the people have a say in how they are governed. If that is the case, the American Civil War is perhaps the one major example in our history of the system breaking down. The North and the South came to blows, in large part because not all “the people”—African American slaves in particular—had a say in how they were governed. Many historians, including B&B Ranch historians, consider the Civil War to be a major turning point in US History. At no point since have US citizens been so bitterly divided on issues that they have taken up arms against one another. The war’s legacy is a strong federal government, but one that still struggles to achieve true equality for all its citizens. The Average Age of a great civilization has been around 200 years. We are past the average, 1776, 239+ years. Throughout history nations have progress in the same ways. Nations go from: Bondage to Spiritual Faith. Spiritual Faith to Great Courage. Great Courage to Liberty. Liberty to Abundance. Abundance to Complacency. Complacency to Apathy. Apathy to Dependence. Dependence to Bondage. 1 of Printer Notes pre-show Topic 0 Part 1 US History Fort Burrows Vocabulary: Bondage - the state of being bound by or subjected to some external power or control Spiritual Faith - Of, from, or relating to God, a Belief that does not rest on logical proof or material evidence Great Courage - more than usual, quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty Liberty - The condition of being free from restriction or control Abundance - Affluence; wealth Complacency - A feeling of contentment or self-satisfaction Apathy - Lack of concern regarding matters of general importance or appeal; indifference Dependence - the state of relying on or needing someone or something for aid, support, etc. racism -- the belief that one race is by nature superior to another border state -- slave state that remained in the Union during the civil war martial law -- ruled by the army instead of the elected government Setting the Scene: President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve as soldiers in a campaign against the South. The term of enlistment was only 90 days—most northerners believed that the war would be over quickly. In the words of one confident Union supporter, “We shall crush out this rebellion as an elephant would trample a mouse.” Southerners were just as convinced that a Confederate victory would be quick. A confederate in North Carolina predicted, “Just throw three or four bombshells among those blue-bellied Yankees and they’ll scatter like sheep.” With flags held high, both northerners and southerners marched off to war. Most felt certain that a single, gallant battle would bring a quick end to the conflict. Few suspected that the Civil War would last four terrible years. By the time fighting was over, every part of American society would be affected by the Civil War. Nick Names: Northern States Blue Bellies Union Yankees Southern States Johnny Reb Grey Backs Rebels ¿¿ Name the Confederate States of America. Try to do it in ORDER… Original members of the CSA (7) 1. 3. 5. 7. Last 4 to join CSA (total of 11 states) 1. 3. 2. 4. 6. 2. 4. A Nation Divided Southerners believed they had a right to leave the Union; the “war for Southern independence” Independence so they could keep their traditional way of life Northerners had to fight to save the Union; abolishing slavery was not the main issue 2 of Printer Notes pre-show Topic 0 Part 1 US History Fort Burrows In fact, many northerners believed in racism; they actually approved of slavery April 1861, eight slave states remained in the Union; these states had half of the South’s population and food crop, cotton is not the issue However, four states quickly joined; North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Virginia note In Western Virginia—there were few slave owners, most people supported the Union; so, when Virginia left the Union, citizens of Western Virginia formed their own government and became a new state in the Union, West Virginia, 1863 The southern border states remained in the Union; Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware, and in 1863-West Virginia Maryland very important to the Union because it bordered the nation’s capital of Washington, D.C. President Lincoln declared martial law; many ‘South’ supporters were arrested Strengths and Weaknesses South had advantage of fighting a defensive war *** What is a defensive war ? ________________________________ Confederate President Jefferson Davis, “We seek no conquest…All we ask is to be left alone” The South Confederate Advantages: Southerners were fighting for independence; a.k.a. American Revolution Defending their homeland and way of life Friendly civilians showed the troops obscure roads not on any maps Confederate troops used the ‘woods’ throughout the south as cover against the invading Union troops Confederate Disadvantages: Few factories to produce weapons, very limited railroad tracks Heavy emphasis on state’s rights; limited Confederate government authority – example – governor of Georgia insisted only Georgian officers should command Georgian troops Small population, 9 million to 22 million; 3 of the 9 million were slaves Not enough people to serve as soldiers, farmers, machinists, etc. to support the war effort The North Union Advantages: 4:1 population; 22 to 6 million free citizens; more people to grow food, work in factories, replace dead soldiers, etc. Industry the North’s greatest resource; produced 90% of the manufactured goods in the US Quickly converted factories to produce guns, bullets, cannons, boots, uniforms, etc. 7 out of 10 miles of railroad track in the North: used to move troops and products quickly Strong Navy and large fleet of trading ships; the North controlled the seas -- Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico Union Disadvantages: Northern troops had to conquer huge areas of unfamiliar land Supply lines were long and vulnerable to Confederate attack This was to be a police action; the North did not want to take over land *** TAKS 8.30 C ¿¿ How would factory production be an advantage for the North ? Produce weapons, railroad trains and tracks, uniforms, blankets, shoes 3 of Printer Notes pre-show Topic 0 Part 1 US History Fort Burrows War’s Leaders Both sides had strong leaders; North – Abe Lincoln, South – Jefferson Davis Both sides had strong military leaders North – US Grant, South – Robert E Lee President Jefferson Davis Davis was thought to be a stronger leader than Lincoln Davis’s experience prepared him for his position Attended the United States Military Academy at West Point Officer in the Mexican War Secretary of War for President Pierce Widely respected by his peers; honest and courageous Weakness: Did not allow others to work out the small details of military planning; as a result, he spent much of his time on small matters and arguing with his advisors President Abraham Lincoln He did not have much military or political experience He was patient He became a strong leader and fine war planner He gained respect; mostly through his sense of humor He took criticism with a smile He also could have a sharp-tongue *** TAKS 8.8 A ¿¿ What were the leadership roles of Jefferson Davis versus Abraham Lincoln ? Davis - military background with a lot of leadership roles, serious most of the time Lincoln – common sense thinker, patient, not too serious, experience in law making and debating with leaders Military Leaders United States Army officers, originally from southern states, had to decide whether to stay in the Army and fight against home states or join the Confederate forces Robert E Lee faced this issue when Lincoln, his friend, asked him to be the Union Commander In a letter to Lincoln he responded, “If Virginia stands by the old Union, so will I. But if she secedes…, then I will still follow my native State with my sword and, and if need be, with my life.” Robert E Lee, quoted in Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln Virginia did secede and Lee refused Lincoln’s offer Biography Robert E Lee came from a distinguished Virginia family. After graduating with honors from West Point, he served in the Army Corps of Engineers. During the Mexican War, his superior officer described him as “the very best soldier I ever saw in the field.” Despite that, Lee hated the horror of war. When the Civil War broke out, Lee was torn between the Union and his home state of Virginia. In the end he chose Virginia. “I have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home.” Robert E Lee 1807-1870 4 of Printer Notes pre-show Topic 0 Part 1 US History Fort Burrows 1. Know details of each side… ? NORTH SOUTH PresidentStrengths- PresidentStrengths- GeneralStrengths- GeneralStrengths- CapitolWhen did Civil War Begin? CapitolWhere did Civil War Begin? When did Civil War End? Where did Civil War End? Civil War Amendments? 13th – Southern Issue? State’s Rights – free to come and go 14th – Northern Issue? Keep UNION together at ALL costs 15th – North’s Strategy? . 5 of Printer Notes pre-show Topic 0 Part 1 South’s Strategy?