Download Typical disorders of the digestive system 1. Is more common? + a

Typical disorders of the digestive system
1. Is more common?
+ a) hyposecretion with low acidity; b) hyposecretion with acidity; c) hypersecretion with low
acidity.
2. Hyperchlorhydria and increased secretory function of gastric glands is characterized by:
a) a tendency to constipation; c) the increase in the activity of pepsin;
b) spasm of the pylorus; + d) all of the changes.
3. Iatrogenic "steroid" GI ulcers are caused by:
a) insulin; b) epinephrine; c) mineralocorticoids; + d) glucocorticoids; e) sexual hormones.
4. Reduce the ability of the gastric mucosa to regeneration and promote to development of
peptic ulcer disease:
a) spastic motorics of the stomach; b) an increase in blood catecholamines and glucocorticoids;
c) deficiency of hematopoietic factors in the body (iron, B12 and folates); d) smoking,
alcoholism; + e) all of the above factors.
5. Factor of pathogenesis of the "aspirin" gastric ulcers:
+ a) a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandins group E; b) increase in the formation of mucus;
c) increase in back diffusion of H+ in the gastric mucosa.
6. To manifestations of malabsorption syndrome does not refer:
a) meteorism; b) diarrhea; + c) constipation; d) hypoproteinemia; e) steatorrhea.
7. For acute intestinal autointoxication is characterized by:
a) a drop in blood pressure
b) Reduction of pain sensitivity
c) The weakening of the heart rate
d) Development of coma
+ e) All signs
8. For chronic intestinal autointoxication is typical:
a) falling of arterial pressure; + b) anemia; c) a decrease in pain sensitivity; d) the weakening of
the heart contractions.
9. For dysbacteriosis is not typical:
+ a) above the optimum pH in the intestine; b) an increase of toxic substances in the intestinal
lumen; c) the destruction of digestive enzymes; d) competition of microbes for nutrients;
e) deterioration of the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium.
10. Base pathogenesis of malabsorption syndrome are:
a) enhancing the hydrolysis of food components in the gut
b) accumulation in the intestinal lumen decay products of incomplete meals
c) the body hydropenia
d) Increased excretion of the vassel of water, protein electrolytes
+ e) All of the above features
11. Show main manifestations of insufficiency of digestion:
+ a) depletion of the body
+ b) hypo- and avitaminosis
c) Hypervitaminosis
+ d) negative nitrogen balance
e) A positive nitrogen balance
f) Increasing resistance of the organism
g) Hyperproteinemia
+ h) Reduction of reactivity
12. Show protective and adaptive changes at the failure of the digestive system:
a) Reduction and dysorexia
b) Heartburn
c) Belching
d) Frequent and profuse vomiting
+ e) Increased production of lysozyme and hydrochloric acid
+ f) increased peristalsis
+ g) Increased intestinal barrier function
13. Specify the pathological changes in the failure of the digestive system:
+ a) decline and perversion of appetite; + b) heartburn; + c) frequent and copious vomiting;
d) enhanced production of lysozyme and hydrochloric acid; e) improving the barrier function of
the intestine; f) increased peristalsis.
14. What happens to digestion in the hypersecretion of gastric juice and hyperacid
condition?
+ a) evacuation of gastric contents is slowed;
b) accelerating gastric emptying;
+ c) fermentation processes develops;
+ d) eructation and heartburn appears;
e) the mass of food almost not digested.
15. What changes digestion with hypo-secretion of gastric juice and achlorhydria?
a) slows gastric emptying
+ b) accelerates gastric emptying
+ c) Nutritional weight substantially do not undergo digestion in the stomach
d) digestion of food mass varies slightly
16. Show change the digestive process with achlorhydria:
a) Slowing food mass evacuation from the stomach into the intestine
+ b) Reducing the activity of enzymes peptic stomach
+ c) Reducing the formation of secretin in the duodenal mucosa
d) Decreased activity of enterokinase
17. Show hypersalivation consequences:
a) The difficulty of the act of chewing and swallowing
+ b) maceration and inflammatory changes in the skin around the lips
c) Occurrence of inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa
d) Decrease of gastric secretory function
+ e) neutralization of gastric acid salt
18. Show consequences sialoschesis:
+ a) The difficulty of the act of chewing and swallowing
b) maceration and inflammatory skin changes in the lips
+ c) inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa
+ d) Decrease of gastric secretory function
e) neutralization of gastric acid salt
19. What disturbance occur when hypo- or acholia?
+ a) disturbance of digestion and absorption of fats
+ b) Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins
c) Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins are not disturbance
+ d) Laxation weakens
e) enhanced Laxation
+ f) pH of the duodenal contents is shifted to the acid side
g) The pH of the duodenal contents is shifted to the alkaline side.
20. In what cases can be hyposecretion of gastric juice?
a) introduction of histamine; + b) malignant tumors of the stomach; + c) atrophic gastritis;
d) duodenal ulcer.
21. Show substance, the lack of which can lead to hyposecretion of gastric juice:
+ a) Gastrin
b) enteroanthelone
+ c) Cholecystokinin
d) Secretin
+ e) Glucocorticoids
+ f) Insulin
g) Glucagon
22. What is achlorhydria?
+ a) absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice;
b) absence of pepsin in the gastric juice.
23. What is hyperchlorhydria?
a) increasing acidity of the gastric juice;
+ b) increase in the content of free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.
24. What happens to evacuation function of the stomach in hyperchlorhydria?
+ a) slowing; b) accelerating.
25. What is hypochlorhydria?
a) increasing acidity of the gastric juice; + b) lowering content of free hydrochloric acid in the
gastric juice.
26. What happens to evacuation function of the stomach in hypochlorhydria?
a) slowing down; + b) is accelerated.
27. What caused the acceleration of gastric emptying in the hypochlorhydria?
+ a) rapid neutralization of chyme by contents of the duodenum and the reflex opening of the
pylorus; b) spastic contraction of the muscles of the stomach.
28. What is the state of hyperacidity?
a) an increase of gastric secretion;
+ b) increase of gastric acidity.
29. What is the state of hypoacidity?
a) reduction of gastric secretion; + b) reduction of gastric acidity.
30. What is the state of anacidity?
a) lack of gastric secretion; + b) the absence of total acidity.
31. What is achylia?
a) the absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice;
b) the absence of pepsin in gastric juice;
+ c) absence of free hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the gastric juice.
32. What is typical for asthenic type of gastric secretion?
a) decrease in excitability of the gastric glands to mechanical and chemical stimuli;
+ b) increase in excitability of the gastric glands to mechanical and decrease in excitability to
chemical stimuli; c) reduction of excitability of gastric glands to mechanical and increase of
excitability to chemical stimuli; d) the total number of gastric juice greater than normal; + e) the
total number of gastric juice below norm.
33. What is characteristic of the excitable type of gastric secretion?
+ a) increased secretion on the mechanical and chemical stimuli; b) increase of the secretion on
the mechanical and decrease on the chemical stimuli; c) reducing the secretion on the mechanical
and increase on the chemical stimuli; + d) total amount of gastric juice greater than normal;
e) the total amount of gastric juice below norm.
34. What is characteristic of the inert type of gastric secretion?
a) decrease in excitability of the gastric glands to mechanical and chemical stimuli;
b) increase in excitability of the gastric glands to mechanical and decrease in excitability to
chemical stimuli; +c) reduction of excitability of gastric glands to mechanical and increase of
excitability to chemical stimuli; +d) the total number of gastric juice greater than normal;
e) the total number of gastric juice below norm.
35. What is characteristic of inhibitory type of the gastric secretion?
+a) decrease in excitability of the gastric glands to mechanical and chemical stimuli;
b) increase in excitability of the gastric glands to mechanical and decrease in excitability to
chemical stimuli; c) reduction of excitability of gastric glands to mechanical and increase of
excitability to chemical stimuli; d) the total number of gastric juice greater than normal;
+e) the total number of gastric juice below norm.
36. What is characteristic for heartburn?
a) the sudden entering into oral cavity of a small portion of the esophagus or the stomach
contents; + b) burning sensation in the lower esophagus; c) reflex contraction of the muscles of
the stomach or esophagus; + d) regurgitation of gastric juices into the esophagus;
+ e) esophageal spasm and antistalsis; f) spasmodic contractions of the stomach and diaphragm.
37. What is characteristic of eructation?
+ a) entering into oral cavity of a small portion of the esophagus or the stomach contents;
b) burning sensation in the lower esophagus; + c) reflex contraction of the muscles of the
stomach and the diaphragm with an opened cardiac part and pyloric spasm;
d) contraction of the muscles of the diaphragm.
38. What is observed when nausea?
+ a) starting antiperistaltic movements of the stomach; b) esophageal spasm;
+ c) hypersalivation; d) sialoschesis; + e) pale skin; f) hyperemia of the skin; g) increase in blood
pressure; + h) decrease in blood pressure.
39. What is characteristic of vomiting?
a) burning sensation in the lower esophagus; + b) a sense of weakness; c) hyperemia of the skin;
+ d) pale skin; + e) bradycardia; f) tachycardia; + g) lowering blood pressure; h) increase in
blood pressure.
40. Parorexia - is
+ a) a perversion of appetite; b) the rapid saturability; c) violation of swallowing;
d) increased appetite; e) loss of appetite.