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Study guide
1. Identify the significance of Henry VIII in regards to the Protestant Reformation. Establishes the Church
of England (Anglican Church) in 1534
2. What is meant by the term African Diaspora. The global scattering of African people as a result of the
African slave trade
3. What advantage did the Viking longship have over earlier vessels? The longships were more stable
than earlier designs.
4. Describe the encomienda system. The enocomienda system is the Spainish system that gave settlers
the right to tax and use natives for labor.
5. For which country did Jacques Cartier claim land during his two trips to Canada? Cartier sailed for
France.
6. How did enslaved Africans try to cope with life in the Americas? Family, religion and music gave some
refuge f from slavery.
7. Describe the Columbian Exchange? The exchange of plants, animals and diseases between Europe and
the Americas.
8. Describe the significance of Martin Luther in regards to the Protestant Reformation. Luther was a
German priest who wrote 95 criticism of the Catholic Church, which started the Protestant Reformation
9. Columbus’s travels to the Americas created conflict between which European powers. Spain and
Portugal
10. For which country did King Philip II lead the Catholic Reformation? Spain
11. Identify the term Middle Passage and describe its characteristics conditions. The Atlantic crossing
portion of the slave trade, brutal crowded conditions.
12. What was the conquistadors’ biggest advantage in defeating the Aztec and the Inca? The immunity
to disease ,particularly Smallpox .
13. Identify Malintzin? An Indian woman who helped Cortez win allies.
14. What is a plantation? A large farm, typically with a single cash crop.
15. Identify the three types of settlements set up by the Spanish in New Spain and their purposes .
1.Pueblos, trading post 2. Missions, religious centers and 3. Presidios. Military bases.
16. Who was Peter Stuyvesant? Governor of the New Netherlands that conquered New Sweden.
17. Whose crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe? Ferdinand Megellan
18. Identify two reasons did colonists in need of cheap labor turn to slaves from West Africa? 1. The
natives died from diseases to easily. 2. African slave labor was readily available.
Study guide
19. Describe the major effect of the Treaty of Tordesillas? It moved the Papal line of Demarcation 800
miles west
20. Describe Henry the Navigator contributions to the age of exploration. Established a school of
navigation and funded explorations
21. Identify an early French colony on the Saint Lawrence River. Montreal or Quebec
22. Describe the significance of Leif Eriksson. Arrives in the Americas around 1000 AD
23. Describe the caravel and why its development was important to the age of exploration. A new type
of ship that could sail against the wind allowing fast easier travel.
24. Identify the first European to discover a sea route to Asia. Vasco de Gama
25. How does an astrolabe help with navigation? A device that allowed ships to determine their location
by charting the angle of the stars.
26. How does a magnetic compass help with navigation? A device that allowed ships to determine the
direction North.
27. Identify the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec. Heran Cortez
28. Identify the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incans. Francisco Pizarro
29. Identify the Spanish conquistador who explored Florida. Juan Ponce De Leon
30. Identify the earliest European city founded in North America. St Augustine
Be prepared to answer question based on a graph. Constructed Response question
Europeans discovered many new plants and animals in the New World; they also brought many new
things with them, including ideas of religion and empire. How did the arrival of these Europeans change
life in the Americas. Identify at least three positive AND three negative changes which took place in the
Americas after the Europeans came. Include details about why each change was positive or negative in
your answer.
After the arrival of Columbus change came to the America in all areas. The Europeans brought unknown
animals; the horse, cattle, pigs and chickens; that also brought grain crops, like wheat and oats. They
brought diseases that the Indians had no immunity to; these diseases killed millions of natives
approximately 70% to 80% of the population continent wide.
They destroyed the Aztec and Incan empires and established colonies on both continents.
Plantation style agriculture required labor and the Europeans imported Africans slaves approximately
12 million Africans were forced across the Atlantic and into slavery. The Europeans brought Christian
religion to the new world