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Unit 4 Test (Chapters 9 and 14-17)
True / False Statements: Put a CLEAR “T” or “F” in the space provided.
Chapter 9 (The Americas)
1. _____ The earliest civilizations in the Americas began when people learned to grow corn and other crops.
2. _____ The Aztecs developed a powerful civilization in Mexico.
3. _____ The earliest Inca people of Peru lived under a system of feudalism.
4. _____ Building projects, in the form of roads and bridges, helped unite the vast Incan empire.
5. _____ The varied climates and environments of North America led to a variety of early American
groups of people.
6. _____ Early peoples in the western American region survived because of their rich farmland.
Chapter 14 (The Renaissance and Reformation)
7. _____ Two major features of the Italian Renaissance were acceptance of new attitudes and the
study of the Greek and Roman Cultures.
8. _____ The arts, including painting, sculpture, and architecture flourished during the period of the
Great Plagues.
9. _____ Writers also helped make great contributions to the Renaissance.
10. _____ After previous calls for Catholic Church reforms had failed, Martin Luther took up the
challenge and began the Reformation.
11. _____ The Reformation spread rapidly throughout the New World, resulting in a number of
different forms of protests
12. _____ The Roman Catholic Church responded to the Reformation with new ideas of their own.
Chapter 15 (Exploration and Trade)
13. _____ European interest in the East increased after travelers, such as Marco Polo
reached China in the 13th century.
14. _____ Europeans began to look for direct trade routes to Greece and Rome
15. _____ Advances in technology helped make exploration possible.
16. _____ An important goal of European explorers was to spread Islam, the word of Allah and the
ideas of Muhammad and the Koran.
17. _____ After Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Portuguese explorer
Vasco da Gama was the first person to sail around the entire world.
18. _____ The Portuguese, and then the English, Dutch, and French all set up trading empires in the
East and throughout Asia.
Chapter 16 (Europe Expands Overseas)
19. _____ The four voyages of Christopher Columbus were the start of the colonization of the
Americas.
20. _____ Spain established colonies and influenced culture throughout China and India.
21. _____ A land grant system (encomienda) gave native peoples the right to force labor or
tribute from the colonists who settled on their lands.
.
22. _____ Colonial society in America was a blending of Spanish, Native America, and
African cultures.
23. _____ European colonizers completed blended their culture into the Native American way of life.
24. _____ A labor (worker) shortage in the Spanish colonies led to an increased demand for African
slaves.
Chapter 17 (European Monarchies)
25. _____ Fighting between the English and Spanish fleets (the Armada) resulted in a big English
victory and ended the conflict between England and Spain.
26. _____ The long reign (rule) of Louis XIV made France fall apart as a country and made people
think of Louis XIV a disgrace throughout Europe.
27. _____ Countries who were against the foreign policy of Louis XIV, which called for almost
constant war, prevented him from dominating all of Europe.
28. _____ In Russia, Peter the Great encouraged people to become more modern and brought his
country into closer contact with Europe.
29. _____ The policies of two kings of England (James I and Charles I) allowed these monarchs to be
able to work together closely with the English Parliament.
30. _____ The Glorious Revolution of 1688 limited the powers of the monarchy (rulers/kings/queens)
and resulted in the creation of the English Bill of Rights.
Multiple Choice: Choose the answer which best matches each question.
1. _____ During the Renaissance, Humanists focused on….
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Solitude and self reflection
The word of the Bible
Reading the classics of Greece and Rome
Poetry, History, Rhetoric, Philosophy, Physical fitness
c and d are correct
Take your time and
THINK – don’t guess
2. _____ The Italian Renaissance could best be summarized by stating it was a….
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Rebirth of classical ideals and ways of life
Time when there was mass chaos and a power vacuum
Series of systematic governmental changes
Splitting of the church into Eastern and Roman Orthodox
a and d are correct
3. _____ Leonardo DaVinci was an excellent example of Renaissance Italy’s social ideal because he
a)
b)
c)
d)
Was a politician, and politicians were considered the pinnacle of human achievement
Came from a wealthy family and greatly improved his family’s status in society
Wrote grand romantic poetry and insightful political treatises
was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician
4. _____ Machiavelli’s advice to rulers included all of the following EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The end justifies the means
It is better to be feared than loved if you can’t be both
Surround yourself with trusted advisors who help you make decisions
Lie if you have to in order to get something done
all of the above
“Everyone realizes how praiseworthy it is for a prince to honor his word and to be straightforward rather
than crafty in his dealings; nonetheless experience shows that princes who have achieved great things have
been those who have given their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning, and
who, in the end, have overcome those abiding by honest principles. . . . A prince, therefore, need not
necessarily have all the good qualities I mentioned above, but he should certainly appear to have them. . . .
He should not deviate from what is good, if that is possible, but he should know how to do evil, if that is
necessary.”
—The Prince, George Bull, trans., 1981
5. _____
According to the passage above, a prince must appear to be
a)
b)
c)
d)
clear
good
manipulative
cunning
6. _____ Protestantism in Germany was started when…
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Great Schism happened
The King annulled his marriage
Luther claimed that Christians could achieve salvation “by faith alone”
John Calvin’s 95 Theses was published
7. _____ Martin Luther’s 95 Theses stated
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
What he believed were the problems with the Catholic Church
Reasons to convert to Christianity
All the different possible ways to get into heaven
His new ideas about how to rule if he became King
all of the above.
“Most powerful sovereigns: all of Christendom should hold great celebrations, and especially God’s
Church, for the finding of such a multitude of such friendly peoples, which with very little effort will be
converted to our Holy Faith, and so many lands filled with so many goods very necessary to us in which all
Christians will have comfort and profits, all of which was unknown nor did anyone speak of it except in
fables.”
—Letter from Christopher Columbus, March 4, 1493
What did Columbus intend to do with the natives he describes in this letter?
8. _____
a)
b)
c)
d)
defend them
send them to England
educate them
convert them to Christianity
9. _____ Which of the following statements best describes the effect of European colonial
governments’ use and exploitation of native labor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Natives became skilled workers.
Native populations were depleted, which led to the rise of the slave trade.
Natives became wealthy due to the influx of European capital.
European nations worked together to streamline production.
10. _____ What was the significance (importance) of the Columbian Exchange?
a)
b)
c)
d)
New plants, animals, and diseases were spread to different areas of the world.
Wealth poured into the new world greatly benefiting the native populations
It led to the development of new currencies that could be used on many different continents.
All of the above
11. _____ What was the name of economic principle that dominated colonialism in the seventeenth
century?
a)
b)
c)
d)
commercial capitalism
communism
consumerism
mercantilism
This chart best describes…
12. _____
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Encomienda
The Slave Trade
Columbian Exchange
Triangular Trade
13. _____ Which of the following statements correctly pairs an area of the world with what it
exported in the Triangular Trade?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Americas; Slaves
Europe; Sugar
Africa; Slaves
Americas; Guns
14. _____ What was a negative effect of the Triangular Trade for all areas involved?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The spread of disease
The capturing of slaves
The equal distribution of wealth
The spread of different types of food
15. _____ Which best describes the motives for European exploration and expansion into new
territories?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gold, Glory, and God
Need for an increased food supply
The ends justify the means
Needs + environment = culture
16. _____ All of the following played a role in the Conquistadores conquering of native populations
except:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Superior firearms
European diseases
Industrial technology
Superior numbers
17. _____ Why were natives replaced by Africans as the primary labor force in European colonies?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Natives were going on strike.
Natives were weaker than Africans.
Africans were easier to control than Natives.
Natives were dying from mistreatment and European diseases.
Natives were thought of as a higher race than Africans.
18. _____ In order to place themselves at the top of society, the Spanish established a social class
system based on…
a)
b)
c)
d)
Wealth
Jobs
Education
Race
19. _____ How did the Spanish justify the use of natives and Africans as un-free/forced labor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They were physically stronger than the Europeans.
They were inferior people who were among the lowest ranks of society.
They were immune to the European diseases.
They needed to pay off the debt they owed to the Europeans.
20. _____ Why did European countries turn to Africa as a source of laborers?
a) Africa already had a system of slavery, and as a result the Europeans were able to trade
directly with the African tribes involved.
b) Africa was the only other continent the Europeans knew about.
c) Europeans believed that the Africans would be pleased with the opportunities for work in
the New World.
d) Africa was an enemy of the Europeans, so it was natural for the Europeans to conquer them.
Matching
Vocabulary Matching: Match the best definition on the right to the vocabulary term on the left.
_____ 1. Adapt
A. Being able to change to meet the needs of your environment
_____ 2. Perspective
B. Using ridicule or mean humor to expose the misbehaviors or things people dislike in others
_____ 3. Patron
C. A wealthy person who supports an artist
_____ 4. Satire
D. The way of looking at things / Using art techniques to show depth and three dimensions
on a flat surface.
_____ 5. Investor
E. A person who puts money into a country, hoping to make a profit.
More Vocabulary Matching: Match the best definition on the right to the vocabulary term on the left.
_____ 6. Monarch
_____ 7. Treason
A.
The difference in value between what a country imports and what it exports
_____ 8. Capitalism
B.
Economic system based on people owning and investing in business with their
own money (hoping to make a profit)
C.
The act of doing something to betray your own country
D.
A statement about what someone believes in
E.
Another name for a single ruler (like the king or queen) of a country
_____ 9. Doctrine
_____ 10. Balance of Trade
People Matching: Match the best description on the right to the people on the left.
_____ 11. Maya
A. Native American peoples who live(d) in what is now Alaska and
Northern Canada
_____ 12. Aztecs/Toltecs
_____ 13. Incas
B. These Native American peoples lived on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico –
some of their descendants are still there today
_____ 14. Aleuts, Yupiks,
and Inuits
C. Native American peoples who lived in what is now Mexico. They made human
sacrifices and were later conquered by Cortes.
_____ 15. Eastern Mound
Builders and
Iroquois
D. Group of Native American people who lived in South America and
the Andes Mountains
E. Group of Native Americans who had the best system of organized governments
and permanent homes in the Americas
More People Matching: Match the best description on the right to the people on the left.
_____ 16. Leonardo da Vinci
_____ 17. Johan Gutenberg
_____ 18. William
Shakespeare
_____ 19. Martin Luther
_____ 20. John Calvin
A. English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English
language and the world's best writer of drama
B. Man whose ideas and 95 complaints against the Catholic Church
led to the Reformation
C. French religious man who helped further the causes of the reformation
and humanism
D. Italian painter, sculptor, architect and inventor who is often described
as the embodiment of the Renaissance man
E. Man who “invented” (the European version) of the printing press
More People Matching: Match the best description on the right to the people on the left.
A. The longest living/ruling French king who brought France to it’s height of
power (including the palace of Versailles)
_____ 21. Marco Polo
_____ 22. Hernan Cortes
_____ 23. Louis XIV
_____ 24. Peter the Great
_____ 25. William and
Mary
B. Russian tsar who tried to make his country and its people catch up with
Europe and the rest of the world
C. European explorer who conquered the Aztec people and their empire
D. Replaced England’s king/queen after the Glorious Revolution, signed the
English Bill of Rights and began cooperation between the monarchy of
England and the people
E. Italian who (with his family) was one of the first to travel to China
to see what was there (and to set up trade with them
Places/Events Matching: Match the best description on the right to the places and events on the left.
_____ 26. Renaissance
_____ 27. Reformation
A. Economic system of increasing a nations wealth by selling more to other
nations (or colonies) than buying from them
B. The European movement calling for reforms (changes) in
the Roman Catholic Church
_____ 28. Mercantilism
_____ 29. Triangular Trade
C. The goods that were traded back and forth between the Americas
and the rest of the world after Columbus “discovered” America
_____ 30. The Columbian
Exchange
D. This words means a “rebirth” or revival of art, literature,
and learning in Europe
E. Trading system between the Americas, Europe, and Africa
Terms About Ruling a Country: Match the best description on the right to its term on the left.
_____ 31. Militarism
_____ 32. Divine Right
_____ 33. Absolute
Monarchy
_____ 34. Limited
Monarchy
_____ 35. The English Bill
of Rights
A. A time where a country has a king or queen (monarch) by the people also
have rights and can elect some of their own leaders
B. A system where the military’s needs and values are more important than
the people (and their rights and needs)
C. A government in which the ruler (ling or queen) does not have their power
limited by laws or a constitution
D. The belief that the power and right to rule a country comes directly
from God (and not from the power of the people)
E. Document which limited the powers of the king/queen, because it said
they got their powers from the people (who had their own rights)