Download Quiz 2: Present Tense Formation and Translation

Quiz 2: Present Tense Formation and Translation
inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, invēntus: to find, discover
Conjugation # ______
Person and Number
1st sing.
Latin Form (1.5 pts)
English Translation (1 pt.)
I find, I am finding, I do find
2nd sing.
inveniō
invenīs
3rd sing.
invenit
he/she/it finds
1st pl.
invenīmus
invenītis
inveniunt
we find
you all find
they find
2nd pl.
3rd pl.
Translate the following forms into English (2 pts.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
amat
petitis
delēmus
curris
respondent
he/she/it loves
________________
you all seek/attack
________________
we destroy
________________
you run
________________
they respond/reply
________________
you find
Quiz 3: Present and Perfect Systems Translation
Translate the following forms into English (3 pts.)
2. dēlēvērunt
I was finding/used to find
________________
they destroyed
________________
3. cucurreratis
you all had run
________________
4. respondēbās
you were responding/used to respond/reply
________________
5. reddiderimus
________________
we will have returned
6. cēpistī
you seized/captured
________________
7. sciēmus
we will know
________________
8. tenēbit
he/she/it will hold/have
________________
9. cōgitāverit
he/she/it will have thought
________________
you all will have attacked/sought/aimed at
________________
1. inveniēbam
10. petiveritis
1 pt. for tense, 1 pt. for person and number, 1 pt. for definition
If you scored lower than a 24/30, see me after class
Quiz 3: Present and Perfect Systems Translation
Translate the following forms into English (3 pts.)
2. dēlēvit
I was finding/used to find
________________
they destroyed
________________
3. cucurrerant
you all had run
________________
4. respondēbāmus
you were responding/used to respond/reply
________________
5. reddideritis
________________
we will have returned
6. cēpistis
you seized/captured
________________
7. sciēt
we will know
________________
8. tenēbit
he/she/it will hold/have
________________
9. cōgitāverō
he/she/it will have thought
________________
you all will have attacked/sought/aimed at
________________
1. inveniēbas
10. petiveris
1 pt. for tense, 1 pt. for person and number, 1 pt. for definition
If you scored lower than a 24/30, see me after class
7/17/13
Do Now:
• Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put
your heading and Quiz 4 at the top
• Place your homework from yesterday in the
black tray on my desk
Quiz 4: The Passive Voice
(each sentence = 5 pts.)
1. virī consulēs in senātū audiunt.
The men listen to/hear the consuls in the senate.
– Translation: _____________________________
consuls are heard by the men in the senate.
– Pass. sent. in English: The
_____________________
consulēs ā virīs in senātū audiuntur.
– Pass. sent. in Latin: _______________________
2. urbs flammīs dēlēbātur.
The city was being destroyed by flames.
– Translation: _____________________________
Flames were destroying the city.
– Act. sent. in English: _______________________
flammae urbem dēlēbant.
– Act. sent. in Latin.: _________________________
flamma, -ae f.: flame
• Add one exception to the Formation of the
FUTURE TENSE
– For the 1st and 2nd conjugations, the 3rd person
plural ending is ‘bunt’ (not ‘bint’)
7/18/13
Do Now:
• Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your heading
and Quiz 5 at the top
• Place your homework from yesterday in the black tray on
my desk
• If you see your name listed below, please write your e-mail
address at the top of your quiz paper today:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Christian
Salman
Jeffrey
Robert
Stephanie
Arslan
Johnson
Angelica
Yu Xuan
Quiz 5: Relative Pronouns, Antecedents and Clauses
DIRECTIONS: Bracket off [ ] the dependent clause in the following sentence, then identify
the antecedent and relative pronoun, and translate each clause.
1. Hannibal quī ā Rōmānīs odiēbātur dūx Punicus
magnus erat.
–
–
–
–
Antecedent: _________= __________
Translate dependent clause: _____________________
Relative pronoun: __________=_________
Translate independent clause: ____________________
odiō, odīre, odivī, ---: to hate
Hannibal, Hannibalis m.: Hannibal
Antecedent and Rel. Pronoun = 6 pts each, 3 per blank
Translation dep. clause = 8 pts. total (2 per word)
Translation indep. clause = 10 pts total (2 per word)
TOTAL: 30 points  Min. score = 24/30
G = gender, N = number, C = case
• dūx magnus
– What does this mean?
– What is the GNC of this phrase?
– Even though these words agree in GNC, why do
they have different endings?
• They are in different DECLENSIONS!!!
3rd declension i-stem
• A 3rd declension noun which has ‘-ium’ as it’s
genitive plural ending and ‘-i’ as its ablative
singular ending.
– Examples
• mors, mortis f. (gen. pl. mortium): death
• navis, navis f. (gen. pl. navium): ship
• civis, civis m./f. (gen. pl. civium): citizen)
• For neuter i-stem nouns, there is also an ‘i’ before
the nom. and acc. pl. endings
– mare, maris n. (gen. pl. marium): sea
• Nom. pl., acc. pl. = maria
3rd decl. i-stem
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
morti = BWIOF death (NOT morte)
navi = BWIOF ship
civi = BWIOF citizen
mortium = of the deaths (NOT mortum)
navium = of the ships
civium = of the citizens
maria = seas (verb)/ (verb) seas (NOT mara)
1 Termination 3rd decl. adjective
potēns
potentis
potentī
potentem
potentī
potēns
potenti
potenti
potentēs
potentia
potentium
potentium
potentibus
potentibus
potentēs
potentia
potentēs
potentibus
Exerceāmus!
• Complete the declension charts for 2 termination
and 3 termination adjectives (pgs. 2-3)
• Decline omnis proelium (pg. 3)
• Complete the noun-adj. pair chart (pg.3)
What does ‘termination’ refer to?
• The termination of an adjective refers to how
many different nom. sg. endings it has
– 1 termination: 1 nom. sg. for all genders
• Ex. potēns, potēns, potēns
– 2 termination: 1 nom sg. for M./F., 1 for N.
• Ex. omnis, omnis, omne
– 3 termination: 1 nom. sg. for M., 1 for F., 1 for N.
• Ex. celer, celeris, celere
For Monday 7/22:
• Begin to make flashcards for your Summer
Session Vocabulary list (aim for at least 100)
– Use your flashcard construction handout from
Latin II for reference
• Obtain an additional copy from my website:
www.magistrasnyder.weebly.com
Class Notes Section
• Handouts from:
– 7/9: Noun Declension
– 7/10: Present System and Present Tense
– 7/15: Present and Perfect System
– 7/16: Passive voice
– 7/17: Relative pronouns, antecedents, and clauses
– 7/18: 3rd decl. i-stem nouns and 3rd decl. adjs.
7/22/13
Do Now:
• Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your
heading and Quiz 6 at the top
– You may use your Vocabulary List
• If you see your name listed below, please write your email address at the top of your quiz paper today:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Christian
Salman
Jeffrey
Robert
Stephanie
Arslan
Johnson
Angelica
Yu Xuan
Quiz 6: 3rd decl. adj. and i-stem nouns
DIRECTIONS: Complete both charts below in full (1 pt. per box)
the strong/brave ally (verb)
fortis sociī
of the strong ally
fortī sociō
to/for the strong ally
fortem socium
(verb) the strong ally
forti sociō
fortēs sociī
BWIOF the strong ally
the strong allies (verb)
fortium sociōrum
of the strong allies
fortibus sociīs
to/for the strong allies
fortēs sociōs
(verb) the strong allies
fortibus sociīs
neut., sg., nom./acc.
fem., sg., abl.
neut., pl., nom./acc.
BWIOF the strong allies
the quick battle
all seas
For Tuesday 7/23
• Translate the passage on pg. 6 of your packet
from today and answer the questions that follow
it
• QUIZ tomorrow on forms of possum, posse (like
#1 on pg. 6) and infinitive formation (pg.2)
– JUST creation/recognition, no formula memorization
Infinitive Synopsis
sauciāre
sauciārī
to wound
to be wounded
sauciāvisse
to have wounded
sauciātūrum esse
to be going
to/about to
wound
sauciātum esse
to have been
wounded
Rules for Forming and Translating the Infinitive
2nd PP
2nd PP, but last letter is
–ī instead of –e
3rd PP – ī + isse
4th PP (neut.) + esse
4th PP – us + ūrum + esse
to _________
to be _________ed
to have ________ed
to have been _______ed
to be about to/going to
________
Complementary Infinitives
• Infinitives that complete (from complēre: to fill up)
the meaning of a verb phrase
– Ex. Punicī Armeniam mox invadere potuērunt.
– Soon the Carthaginians were able to invade Armenia.
• Complementary infinitives can be in any tense and
voice, but most often present tense, active voice
• Translate into English:
– mīlitēs Carthāginem dēlēre potuerant.
– The soldiers had been able to destroy Carthage.
Subjective Infinitives
•
•
•
•
Infinitives which act as the subject of a sentence.
These infinitives will always be in the neuter gender.
Subjective infinitives can be in any tense and voice
They are most often used with the verb sum, esse,
specifically est
– Sentences with subjective infinitives generally sound
like:
• “it is ________ to _________”
• “to _________ is __________”
Objective Infinitives
• When a finite verb has a direct object that
takes an infinitive as its direct object, that
infinitive is called an objective infinitive.
acc. subj. #2
acc. subj. #1
– Ex. Mithridātes mīlitēs interficere Ariobarzanem
iussit.
OPTION 1: Mithridates ordered Ariobarzanes to kill the soldiers.
OPTION 2: Mithridates ordered the soldiers to kill Ariobarzanes.
vi. We can rely on the context, common sense, and our historical
knowledge to tell us how to translate sentences with objective
infinitives.
possum, posse, potuī, ------ : can, to be able
• Examine the Present Tense conjugation of the verb possum, posse
• What is an irregular verb?
– Irregular verbs do not follow normal patterns of conjugation
• What about this verb is irregular?
– It’s 2nd PP ends in ‘-se’ instead of ‘-re’
– It uses 2 different Present Stems in its conjugation
• Stem A = pos• Stem B = pot-
• What other irregular verb serves as the ending for this verb?
– The Present tense conjugation of sum, esse: to be
• When the form of this verb begins with ‘s’ we use Present Stem A
• When the form of this verb begins with ‘e’ we use Present Stem B
1. Answer the questions about the following verbs:
• potuit (line 1) he/she/it was able/could
Identify the tense of this verb:
_______________________
perfect
potuērunt
they were able/could
– Change the number of
this verb: __________________________
they had been able
• potuerant (line 3)
pluperfect
poterunt they will be able
– Identify the tense of this verb: ____________________________
– Change the formthey
toused
future
to betense:
able __________________________
• poterant (line 4)
imperfect
– Identify the tense of this verb: ____________________________
they are able
possunt
– Change the form to present tense: _________________________
Translate each one of these Latin verb forms into English
7/23/13
Do Now:
• Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put your
heading and Quiz 7 at the top
– You may use your Vocabulary List
• Take out your translation (on looseleaf) and detach pg.
6 from your packet and turn them in for HW collection
• If you see your name listed below, please write your email address at the top of your quiz paper today:
–
–
–
–
–
Salman
Johnson
Firdaus
Charles
John
Quiz 7: possum and infinitives
Rōmānī Punicōs sine exercitū forti nōn vincere poterant.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
perfect, 3rd pl.
ID the tense, person, and # of the underlined verb: __________________
poterant
Change the verb to the imperfect tense : ___________________
they were able to/used to be able to
Translate the verb form you wrote in #2: ___________________
pres. active
ID the tense and voice of the infinitive: ____________________
Translate the entire sentence above:
The
Romans were not able/have not been able to conquer the Carthaginians
____________________________________________________________
without a strong army.
#1-4 = 5 pts each
#5 = 10 pts
TOTAL = 30 pts.
Quiz 7: possum and infinitives
Rōmānī Punicōs sine exercitū forti nōn vincere poterant.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
perfect, 3rd pl.
ID the tense, person, and # of the underlined verb: __________________
poterant
Change the verb to the perfect tense : ___________________
they were able to/used to be able to
Translate the verb form you wrote in #2: ___________________
pres. active
ID the tense and voice of the infinitive: ____________________
Translate the entire sentence above:
The
Romans were not able/have not been able to conquer the Carthaginians
____________________________________________________________
without a strong army.
#1-4 = 5 pts each
#5 = 10 pts
TOTAL = 30 pts.
Can a verb be used as a noun?
• YES!
• When an infinitive is the SUBJECT of a
sentence, it’s acting like a NOUN, not a verb
– Ex. pugnāre malum est.
• To fight is bad
• Fighting is bad
• What “case” would pugnāre be in if it were
a noun?
– Nominative
How would you translate this
sentence?
gladiatōrēsne pugnandum amāvērunt?
•
•
•
•
Did the gladiators love (some form of ‘fight’)?
Did the gladiators love fighting?
pugnandum = a gerund
Gerunds = verb/nouns that are translated “____ing”
Gerunds
-nd + 2nd decl. sing. endings
GERUND FORMATION: __________
Pres. Stem + _______
English Example
CASE
Latin Form
Fighting is bad.
To fight is bad.
NOMINATIVE
pugnāre
(2 PP)
Most men weren’t
skilled in the art of
fighting.
GENITIVE
pugnandī
The Romans resorted to
fighting when
necessary.
DATIVE
pugnandō
From an early age boys
practiced fighting.
ACCUSATIVE
pugnandum
They defended their
land by fighting.
ABLATIVE
pugnandō
Decline the gerund for the verb:
expellō, expellere, expulsī, expulsus (to drive out)
English Translation
CASE
Latin Form
to drive out,
driving out
NOMINATIVE
expellere
(2 PP)
GENITIVE
expellendī
to/for driving out
DATIVE
expellendō
driving out (D.O.)
ACCUSATIVE
expellendum
by driving out
ABLATIVE
expellendō
of driving out
Present Active Participle**
Present Stem + nt + 3rd declension i-stem endings
**EXCEPT: Nom. sg. = Pres. Stem + ns (ex. amāns); 3rd –io and 4th conj. = ‘ie’ before ‘nt’
“the speaking consul”
CASE
Nom
SINGULAR
Gen
dīcēns consul
dīcentis consulis
Dat
dīcentī consulī
Acc
dīcentem consulem
Abl
dīcenti consule
PLURAL
dīcentēs consulēs
dīcentium consulum
dīcentibus consulibus
dīcentēs consulēs
dīcentibus consulibus
Perfect Passive Participle
4th PP
“the enemy having been captured”
“the captured enemy”
CASE
Nom
Gen
SINGULAR
PLURAL
hostis captus
hostēs captī
hostum captōrum
hostis captī
Acc
hostī captō
hostem captum
Abl
hoste captō
Dat
hostibus captīs
hostēs captōs
hostibus captīs
7/24/13
Do Now:
• Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put
your heading and Quiz 8 at the top
– You may use your Vocabulary List
– No HW collection today, only correction during
classwork. Keep out your red pens after you finish
your quiz.
Quiz 8: gerunds and participles
Directions: Manipulate and translate each of the following gerunds
and/or participial phrases (5 pts. each, 25 pts. total)
1. Fabius recipiendō (sē) proelium āmisit.
•
by withdrawing
Translate the underlined word: _____________
2. civis dīcēns
civēs dīcentēs
a) Change the number: ______________
the speaking citizens
b) Translate a): _______________
3. pecuniā inventā
pecuniae inventae
a) Change to the dative: ______________
to/for the money having been found/the found money
b) Translate a): ______________
Quiz 8: gerunds and participles
Directions: Manipulate and translate each of the following gerunds
and/or participial phrases (5 pts. each, 25 pts. total)
1. Fabius capiendō proelium militēs vicit.
•
by withdrawing
Translate the underlined word: _____________
2. consul discedēns
civēs dīcentēs
a) Change the number: ______________
the speaking citizens
b) Translate a): _______________
3. urbī dēlētae
inventae
a) Change to the ablative:pecuniae
______________
to/for the money having been found/the found money
b) Translate a): ______________
Translating Participles
• PERFECT PASSIVE (P3)

cōnsul victus
– the having been conquered consul
– the conquered consul
• PRESENT ACTIVE (PAP)
– the conquering farmer

agricola vincēns
Translating Participles
• Participles can also be translate like clauses
• When we encounter a participle, we have the
option of translating it using one of 5 different
translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Strict/adjectival = ____ing/ having been ____ed
Relative = who
Temporal = when, after
Causal = because
Adversative = although
1. Rōmānī, victī in proeliō Cannārum, etiam contrā Punicōs fortiter pugnāvērunt.
a)
STRICT/ADJECTIVAL = The Romans, having been conquered in the battle of
Cannae, still fought bravely against the Carthaginians.
a)
RELATIVE = The Romans, who were conquered in the battle of Cannae…
a)
TEMPORAL = The Romans, after they were conquered in the battle of
Cannae…
a)
CAUSAL = The Romans, because they were conquered in the battle of
Cannae…
a)
ADVERSATIVE = The Romans, although they were conquered in the battle of
Cannae…
Translating Participles
• How do we know which of the 5 types of
translations to use?
– CONTEXT!!!
– Don’t use the strict/adjectival unless absolutely
necessary
Ablative Absolutes
• Ablative absolutes are participial phrases in
the ABLATIVE CASE
• Includes a noun and a participle
• The come usually at the beginning of a
sentence
• They are grammatically removed from the rest
of the sentence
Hannōne victō, Hannibal discedere ex Ītaliā iussus est.
• Strict/adjectival: (With) Hanno having been conquered, Hannibal
was ordered to depart out of/from Italy.
• Temporal: After Hanno was conquered, Hannibal was ordered to
depart from Italy.
• Relative: Hanno who was conquered, Hannibal was ordered to
depart from Italy.
• Causal: Because Hanno was conquered, Hannibal was ordered to
depart from Italy.
• Adversative: Although Hanno was conquered, Hannibal was
ordered to depart from Italy.
• ABLATIVE ABSOLUTES CAN NEVER BE TRANSLATED RELATIVELY!
7/25/13
Do Now:
• Take out your vocabulary list for your quiz
– This quiz will be graded by me
• Place your HW worksheet from last night in the tray on the desk
• The following students must speak with me after class for their
additional HW assignments for Monday
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Firdaus
Stephanie
Charles
Ray
Devin
Viktor
Alex
Yu Xuan
Arslan
Christian
Quiz 9: Ablative Absolutes
DIRECTIONS: Bracket off the ablative absolute (5 pts.), identify the participle and its
mood/tense (5 pts.), and translate the sentence with the indicated clausal translation.
(15 pts.)
/1/ militibus Punicīs captīs Rōmānī (ad) Hispaniam sine morā contendere
potuērunt.
– What type of participle is in the AA?
PAP / P3
– Translate
the AA soldiers
as a temporal
clause:
After the Carthaginian
were captured
___________________________
– Translate
the
sentence:
The Romans the
were rest
able toof
head
towards
Hispania without delay.
_________________________________________
Hispania, -ae f.: Hispania (Spain)
mora, -ae f.: delay
Quiz 9: Ablative Absolutes
DIRECTIONS: Bracket off the ablative absolute (5 pts.), identify the participle and its
mood/tense (5 pts.), and translate the sentence with the indicated clausal translation.
(15 pts.)
/1/ Rōmānīs superātīs Punicī (ad) Hispaniam celeriter contendērunt
– What type of participle is in the AA?
PAP / P3
– Translate
the AAwere
as overcome/conquered
a causal clause:
Because the Romans
___________________________
– Translate
the traveled
rest oftowards
the sentence:
the Carthaginians
Hispania quickly.
_________________________________________
Hispania, -ae f.: Hispania (Spain)
celeriter: adverb of celer, celeris, celere
Take a worksheet from the desk and
read pg. 1
• Complete all blanks on pg. 1
• Pgs. 2 and 3 are to be included in your sheet
protectors for reference
– Do this over the weekend and re-staple the packet
together
For Monday 7/29
• First 117 vocabulary flashcards are due
Monday (Nouns, Proper Nouns, Pronouns and
Verbs)
• Complete HW for demonstrative adjectives
and reflexive and personal pronouns
• Check your e-mail for a progress report and a
file of our in-class PowerPoint presentation
Class Website
• www.magistrasnyder.weebly.com
• Visit for:
– Vocabulary List
– All in-class handouts and homework worksheets
– In-class PowerPoint
– Practice exams and quizzes
7/29/13
Do Now:
• Take of the last page from your Reflexives
packet and your Demonstratives packet and
put them in the black tray for collection
• Take out a piece of looseleaf paper and put
your heading at the top and label it Quiz 10
– You may use your Summer Session Vocabulary
– This quiz will be graded by me.
Quiz 10: Reflexive vs. Personal Pronouns
Directions: Translate the following sentences and identify the pronouns with
them as either reflexive or personal. (4 pts. per ID/6 pts. per translation =
30 total)
Personal
1. militēs eīs in itinere auxilium ferēbant.
(_________)
Translation: The soldiers used to bring help to them on the journey.
2. tē ā impet(u)ibus servāvistī.
Translation: You saved yourself from the attacks.
Reflexive
(_________)
3. pecūniam mihi dedī.
I gave the money to myself.
Translation:
Reflexive
(_________)
Quiz 10: Reflexive vs. Personal Pronouns
Directions: Translate the following sentences and identify the pronouns within
them as either reflexive or personal. (4 pts. per ID/6 pts. per translation =
30 total)
Reflexive
1. nōs in itinere copiās ferēbāmus.
(_________)
The soldiers used to bring help to them on the journey.
Translation:
2. mē ā perīculō servāvī.
You saved yourself from the attacks.
Translation:
Reflexive
(_________)
3. consulēs mihi dedērunt.
I gave the money to myself.
Translation:
Personal
(_________)
aggredior, aggredī, aggressus sum:
to attack
• What is unusual about this dictionary entry?
– This verb has 3 principal parts, instead of 4
– All of the principal parts all look they are in the
passive voice.
– A Latin verb that possesses these three qualities is
called ________________________.
deponent
Deponent Verbs
from the Summer Session Vocab List
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum: to think
conor, conārī, conātus sum: to try, attempt
ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum: to go out, leave
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum: to speak, talk
opperior, opperīrī, oppertus sum: to wait for
patior, patī, passus sum: to suffer, permit, allow
polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum: to promise
proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum: to set out,
depart
9. sequor, sequī, secutus sum: to follow
10. videor, vidērī, vīsus sum: to seem
Deponent Verbs
• Look passive, ALWAYS TRANSLATED ACTIVELY!
• Ex. Rōmānī Punicōs aggressī sunt.
– The Romans attacked the Carthaginians.
•
mīles hostem aggreditur.
– The solider attacks the enemy.
•
consul urbem aggredī cupit.
– The consul wants to attack the city.
Deponent Participles
• Formed the same way non-deponent (normal) participles
are formed
• Some look active…
– Present
– Future
• Some look passive…
– Perfect
Deponent Infinitives
• Formed the same way non-deponent (normal) infinitives
are formed
• Some look active…
– Future
• Some look passive…
– Present
– Perfect
conor, conārī, conātus sum- to attempt
1st conj.
PARTICIPLES
Tense
Form
PRESENT
2nd
PP – rī + ns
Translation
conāns
attempting
FUTURE
3rd PP (-esse) – us + ūrus
PERFECT
3rd PP (-esse)
conātūrus
about to attempt
conātus
having attempted
conor, conārī, conātus sum- to attempt
1st conj.
INFINITIVES
Tense
Form
PRESENT
2nd
PP
Translation
conārī
to attempt
FUTURE
Fut. Participle + esse
PERFECT
Perf. Participle + esse
conātūrus esse
to be going to/about to
attempt
conātus esse
to have attempted
Exerceāmus!
• Annotate and translate sentences #1-3 on pg.
2 of your packet
• ID the person, #, tense, and voice of each
underlined verb.
• Some vocabulary is provided for you. The rest
can be found in your Summer Session Vocab
List
Exerceāmus!
1. Scipiō Nasīca Tiberium sociōsque eius aggressus est,
quī contiōnem habēbant.
[aggredior, aggredī, aggresus sum: to attack | contiō, contiōnis f.: meeting, assembly ]
•
Parse aggressus est:
person and number
3rd sing.
tense and voice
perf. act.
• Translation:
Scipio Nasica attacked Tiberius and his allies, who were having a meeting.
Exerceāmus!
2. Scipiō Nasīca, loquēns cum sociīs, Tiberium, sī is
veniam cīvium adipiscētur, aggredī parat.
[adipiscor, adipiscī, adeptus sum: to win, gain | sī: if | venia, -ae f.: favor, support | parō, parāre,
parāvī, parātus: to prepare, plan]
•
Parse aggredī:
3rd sg.
person and number
tense and voice fut. act.
• Translation: Scipio Nasica, speaking with (his) allies, plans to attack Tiberius,
if he will gain the support of the citizens.
Exerceāmus!
3. Gracchī cūrās cīvium eīs agrōs dandō, cūrās mīlitum eīs
arma, et illās miserōrum eīs cibum allocutī sunt.
• Parse allocutī sunt:
3rd pl.
person and number
perf. act.
tense
and voice
• Translation:
The Gracchi addressed the concerns of the citizens by giving
land to them, the concerns of the soldiers by giving weapons
to them, and those of the poor by giving food to them.
7/30/13
• Take out your Deponent Verbs packet and tear
off the last page and place it in the black tray
for HW collection
• Take out a piece of looseleaf paper, write your
heading at the top of it, and label it Quiz 11
– This quiz will be graded by me
Quiz 11: Deponent Verbs
Directions: Parse the underlined verb in person, number, tense (2 pts
each) and voice and then translate the sentence (12 points) (20 pts
total).
1. Scipiō Nasīca Tiberium, quī tribunus Rōmae electus erat,
conābātur interficere.
1.
Parse conābātur:
3rd sing.
person and number ____________
impf. verb
tense and voice
_____________
Translation: Scipio Nasica was trying to kill Tiberius, who had been elected
tribune of Rome.
Scipiō Nasīca, Scipionis Nasicae m.: Scipio Nasica, a conservative senator circa early 1st cent. BC
Tiberius, -ī m.: Tiberius (Gracchus), a liberal tribune circa early 1st cent. BC
Summer Session Final Exam
• The final exam will take place Thursday August 8th
• You must earn a 80% or higher in order to pass
the summer session
• The exam will test every topic we’ve covered and
all vocabulary from your Summer Session List
• It will consist of approximately 40 multiple choice
questions and 4-5 sentence translations
Exerceāmus!
3. Gracchī cūrās cīvium eīs agrōs dandō (allocutī sunt), cūrās
mīlitum eīs arma (dandō allocutī sunt), et illās miserōrum eīs
cibum (dandō) allocutī sunt.
• Parse allocutī sunt:
3rd pl.
person and number
perf. act.
tense
and voice
• Translation:
The Gracchi addressed the concerns of the citizens by giving
land to them, the concerns of the soldiers by giving weapons
to them, and those of the poor by giving food to them.
Direct  Indirect Speech
DIRECT SPEECH
1
3
2
Tiberius Gracchus nuntiat, “fundī pātriciōrum plebibus dābuntur.”
4
1. Quotation marks (“”) disappear
2. Nom.  Acc.
INDIRECT SPEECH
1
2
3. conjugated verb  infinitive (SAME
TENSE, roughly)
3
Tiberius Gracchus nuntiat fundōs pātriciōrum plebibus datūrōs esse.
4
4. A HEAD VERB (of sensing, perceiving, understanding) indicates that
indirect speech is beginning
Ex. he announces THAT…
Direct  Indirect
• Change the following sentence from direct to
indirect speech.
– DIRECT:
• Cicerō dīcit “virī patriam suum servāre debent.”
– INDIRECT:
• Cicerō dīcit / virōs patriam suum servāre debere.
Head Verbs
• Verbs of sensing, perceiving, or understanding
after which the word “that” naturally follows
– I know that…
– you see that…
– we recognize that…
– she said that…
– they heard that…
Exerceāmus!
• Translate sentences #1-3 on pg. 2
• Underline head verbs and draw a slanted line
when indirect speech begins
7/31/13
• Take out your worksheet packet from
yesterday and turn to pg. 3
• Take a worksheet packet for today from my
desk
dēlēre
I.
dēlērī
dēlēvisse
dēlētūrum esse
We know that our soldiers have been destroyed.
dēlētōs esse
II.
dēlētōs esse
perf. pass.
The senators feel that their lifestyle is being destroyed by
political reforms.
dēlērī
pres. pass.
III. People are saying that this war will destroy Carthage forvever.
dēlētūrum esse
future act.
IV. They understand that the our leaders want to destroy
Carthage immediately
dēlēre
V.
pres .act.
You recognize that when Scipio’s troops destroyed Hannibal’s
army, all hope of success for Carthage was lost.
dēlēvisse
perf. act.
Translating Indirect Speech
“___ed”, “was ___ing”
“will ___”
“____ed”, “was ___ing”
“had ___ed”
“was ___ed”, “was being
_____ed”
“will be___ed”
“was ___ed”, “was being
_____ed”
“had been___ed”
“would ____”, “would be “would be____ed”, “would
____ing”
be being ____ed”
Exerceāmus! Review
1. dux arbitrātur hostēs cum pace urbem nōn
intrāturōs esse.
present
– Tense of head verb: ________________________
(he) thinks
• Translation: _________________________________
– Tense, voice of infinitive:
future, active
_________________________
will enter
• Translation: _________________________________
Sentence Translation:The general thinks that the enemies will not
enter the city with peace (peacefully).
Exerceāmus! Review
2) cognōvimus Punicōs in aciēbus militēs
nostrōs perīre compūlisse.
(cognoscō, cognoscere, cognovī, cognitus: to understand, recognize | aciēs, -eī m.:
battlefield | compellō, compellere, compūlī, compulsus: to force, compel)
perfect
– Tense of head verb: ________________________
we understood/recognized
• Translation: _________________________________
– Tense, voice of infinitive:
perfect active
_________________________
had forced
• Translation: _________________________________
Sentence Translation: We understood that the Carthaginians had
forced our soldiers to die on the battlefields.
Exerceāmus!
• Map, annotate, and translate sentences #1-4
Part II Exerceāmus
1) tribūnus iussit / annonam plebī sine pretiō
datūram esse.
(annona, -ae f.: grain supply, rations | plebs, plebis f.: plebs (lower class of Roman
citizens))
IND (1)
DEP (1)
tribūnus iussit
annonam plebī sine pretiō
datūram esse.
The tribune ordered that
Sentence Translation:
a grain supply (will) be given to the plebs without cost.
Cogitāte…
subject accusative
NOTĀTE BENE!
The subject accusative
must match in GNC an
infinitive (in indirect
statement) containing
a participial form
I. scimus nostrōs militēs dēlētōs esse.
We know that our soldiers have been destroyed.
III. hominēs dīcunt hoc bellum Carthaginem
aeternaliter dēlētūrum esse.
People are saying that this war will destroy Carthage
forever.
Before you leave…
• Pick up Quizzes 9 and 10
• Ablative Absolute and
Reflexive/Demonstrative HWs will be returned
graded tomorrow
7/31/13
• Take out a piece of looseleaf, write your
heading at the top and label it Quiz 12
– This quiz will be graded by me
Quiz 12: Indirect Speech
Directions: Underline the head verb, draw a slash before indirect speech, and
answer the questions that follow (#1-4 are 3 pts. each, #5 is 18 pts.)
• omnēs cīvēs scīvērunt tribūnum ā patriciō
senatōre eius sociīsque petitum esse.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
perfect
Tense of head verb: _______________
(they) knew
Translation of head verb: _____________
petitum esse
Tense and voice of infinitive: ________________
been attacked
Translation of infinitive: had
_____________
Sentence translation:
All (of) the citizens knew that the tribune had been
_______________________________________
attacked by the patrician senator and his allies.
_______________________________________
patricius, -a, -um: patrician
Quiz 12: Indirect Speech
Directions: Underline the head verb, draw a slash before indirect speech, and
answer the questions that follow (#1-4 are 3 pts. each, #5 is 18 pts.)
• multī cīvēs nesciunt Tiberium ā Scipione
Nasicā eius sociīsque interfectum esse.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
perfect
Tense of head verb: _______________
(they) knew
Translation of head verb: _____________
petitum esse
Tense and voice of infinitive: ________________
been attacked
Translation of infinitive: had
_____________
Sentence translation:
All (of) the citizens knew that the tribune had been
_______________________________________
attacked by the patrician senator and his allies.
_______________________________________
patricius, -a, -um: patrician
Independent vs. Dependent Clauses
Independent
FINITE VERB- a conjugated verb form
with a person, number, tense, voice
Dependent
RELATIVE- starts with a rel. pronoun
PARTICIPLE-
PAP or P3
ABL. ABSOLUTE- participial phrase (noun +
participle) in abl. case
INDIRECT SPEECH- infin. + subj. acc. after a
head verb
Present Tense Subjunctive Acronym
She wears a diamond
1st
2nd
3rd reg.
3rd –iō/4th
Subjunctive Manipulation
Present Tense
CONJUGATION
1st
2nd
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
hortāmur
hortemur
iubēmus
3rd
sequiminī
4th
audiunt
1st
das
3rd
loquitur
3rd io
capiō
iubeāmus
sequaminī
audiant
dēs
loquatur
capiam
Imperfect Subjunctive
• NON-DEPONENT: 2nd PP + present
active/passive endings
• DEPONENT: 2nd PP – ī + ē + present
active/passive endings
Imperfect Subjunctive
• ADDENDUM:
– For a 3rd (regular or io) conjugation deponent verb, we must
add an “re” to the infinitive once we change the –ī to an –ē
• loquī – ī + ē = loquē + re + present passive endings
– Ex. loquērer, loquēreris, loquēretur, loquēremur,
loquēremini, loquērentur
– DEPONENT VERBS ONLY HAVE PASSIVE ENDINGS!
Subjunctive Manipulation
Imperfect Tense
CONJUGATION
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
2nd
pollicēbātur
pollicērētur
1st
superābam
superārem
1st
amābam
amārem
3rd
discedēbātis
3rd io
patiēbatur
3rd
4th
dūcēbās
audiēbāmus
discederetis
pateretur
dūcerēs
audīrēmus
HW for Monday 8/5
• ALL of Summer Session Vocabulary List
flashcards should be completed
• Complete the following worksheets:
– 1) ‘cum’ Clauses
– 2) Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
For Monday 8/5
• You will no longer be able to use your vocabulary
list on quizzes or your Final Exam
• Study ALL of your past Class Notes, Homeworks
(esp. your corrections) and Quizzes in preparation
for your Final Exam
• For additional practice and question samples, see
Translatiōnēs, Midterms, and IA’s posted on the
website: www.magistrasnyder.weebly.com
8/5/13
• Take out your ‘Comparative and Superlative
Adjectives’ HW (last page) and place it in the
black tray for collections
• Keep out your ‘cum Clauses’ HW (last page)
for corrections (take out your red pen)
• Take out a black/blue for your quiz
– Your quiz will be handed out in a moment
– This quiz will be graded by me
Quiz 13: Subjunctive Forms
PRESENT TENSE
3rd
trahimus
sciant
4th
3rd -io
2nd
1st
capitis
pollicearis
multāmus
Quiz 13: Subjunctive Forms
IMPERFECT TENSE
reciperet
3rd -io
3rd
petēbat
manērem
2nd
4th
1st
nescīres
conābāmur
‘cum’ Clauses with Subjunctive Verbs
• The word ‘cum’ can be used as an ADVERB (instead of a
preposition)
– No ablative word will follow it!
• It can be translated
– Temporally: “when, while, since, after, as”
• INDICATIVE verb used when there is a present/future verb in the
independent clause, SUBJUNCTIVE when there is a past tense verb
in the independent clause
– Causally: “because, since”
• SUBJUNCTIVE verb always
– Adversatively: “although, despite, even if”
• SUBJUNCTIVE verb always
• The word ‘tamen’ will usually be in the independent clause
‘cum’ Clauses HW
Temporal, Causal
/2/ cum Caesar suōs in prōvinciam dūceret,
incolae bellum timēbant.
imperfect…
Translation:
When/Because Caesar was leading his (own) (soldiers) into the province,
the inhabitants were fearing/afraid of war.
‘cum’ Clauses HW
Causal
/3/ Cicerō, cum aequam ōrātiōnem daret, ā
populō laudātur.
present…
Translation:
Cicero, because he was giving a fair speech, is praised by the people.
‘cum’ Clauses HW
/4/ Gaius tamen tribunatum ter nōn accēpit,
cum ā multīs Rōmānīs amārētur. perfect…
Adversative
Translation:
Gaius nevertheless/still did not accept the tribunate for a third time,
although he was (being) loved by many Romans.
Purpose Clauses
• Started by the word ‘ut’ (positive)…
– Ut =
• so that _____ (may/might/would/could)_____
• in order to____
• for the purpose of ____ing
• …or ‘nē’ (negative) =
• so that ____ (may/might/would/could) NOT
• in order that _____ (would/could/might) NOT _____
• ALWAYS contain a subjunctive verb
• These clauses answer the question “why?”
– I gave you my book so that you could read about Cicero.
• Q: Why did I give you my book?
• A: So that you could read about Cicero.
Exerceāmus!
/1/ Cicerō mīsit litterās ad Atticum ut suum
amīcum cōnsuleret.
(Atticus, -ī m.: Atticus | cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultus: to ask for advice from (someone ACC.))
Translation:Cicero sent letters to Atticus /so that he might/could/would
ask for advice from his friend.
/in order to ask for advice from his
friend.
/for the purpose of asking for
advice from his friend.
Exerceāmus!
• Annotate and translate sentences #2, 3, and 4
– Map sentence #4 as well
Exerceāmus!
/2/ Cicerō saepe Graecē scrībit nē* suae litterae
ā inimicīs legatur.
(Gracē (adv.)= in Greek | legō, legere, legī, lectus: to read)
Translation:
Cicero often writes in Greek /so that his letters may not be read by
(his) enemies.
/in order that his letters not be read by
(his) enemies.
Exerceāmus!
/3/ Cicerō ab Atticō multam pecūniam
mutuātus est ut domum in urbī emeret.
(mutuor, mutuārī, mutuātus sum: to borrow | domum, ī m.: house, home | emō, emere, emī, emptus: to buy)
Translation: Cicero borrowed a lot of money from Atticus
/so that he could buy a house in the city.
/in order to buy a house in the city.
8/6/13
• Take out a piece of looseleaf and a blue/black
pen for your quiz. Write your heading at the
top and label it Quiz 14
– This quiz will be graded by me
• If you are retaking Quiz 13 (Subjunctive
Forms) today is the only day to do so. Retakes
will take place from R2-R4 in this room.
Quiz 14: Purpose Clauses
• Cicerō hostem suum interficī iussit nē ille
malus (vir) patriam dēlēret.
1. Put a triangle around the word that introduces
the purpose clause
2. Underline the verb in the subjunctive mood
3. Translate: Cicero ordered his enemy to be killed
so that that evil man would not destroy the fatherland.
#1 and 2 = 4 pts. each
#3 = 12 pts. (purpose clause marker and subjunctive verb worth 2 pts. each)
Exerceāmus!
/4/ habēmus nullās litterās, quae ab Atticō ad
Cicerōnem missae sunt. hās litterās invenīre
cupīmus ut dē amicitiā illōrum duōrum plūs
discāmus.
(nullus, -a, -um: no, none| amicitia, -ae f. friendship | plūs: more |disco, discere, didici, --- : to learn)
Translation:
We have no letters, which were sent to Cicero from Atticus.
We want to find these letters
/so that we may learn more about the
friendship of those two (men).
/in order to learn more about the
friendship of those two (men).
Facite Nunc
why
• Purpose clauses answer the question “_______”?
• Purpose clauses explain one’s
intention
_________________
for doing the action in the
independent clause
• Purpose clauses are introduced by the words
ut
nē
________
(positive) or __________
(negative)
• Purpose clauses ALWAYS contain verbs in the
subjunctive
____________________
mood
Result Clauses
• Result clauses are dependent clauses that show
the result or outcome of an action (ex. raining) or
condition (ex. being strong) in the independent
clause.
• Examples:
• It was raining so much that my shoes got completely
soaked.
• He was so strong that he was able to move all of the
boxes by himself.
• You are so smart that there is no way you couldn’t have
gotten an ‘A’ on the test.
Result Clauses
• Result clauses are also introduced by ‘ut’ = ‘that’
(positive AND negative clauses- NEVER ‘nē’)
• Result clauses are distinguished from purpose
clauses by context AND the inclusion of an
adverb/adjective in the independent clause such as:
Result Clause markers
Exerceāmus!
1. tam strēnuē labōrat ut multās rēs perficiat.
[strēnuē: strenuously , hard | perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectus: to accomplish,
complete]
Result clause
• Translation:
He works so strenuously
that he accomplishes many things.
Exerceāmus!
2. strēnuē labōrat ut multa perficiat.
[strēnuē: strenuously , hard | perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectus: to accomplish,
complete]
No Result Clause adv/adj  Purpose clause
• Translation:
He works strenuously
in order to accomplish many (things)/a lot.
Exerceāmus!
3. haec verba tantā benevolentiā dīxit ut eōs
nōn offenderet.
[verbum, -ī n.: word | benevolentia, -ae f.: kindness | offendō, offendere, offendī,
offensus: to offend]
Result Clause
• Translation: He said these words with such great kindness
that he did not offend them.
Exerceāmus!
4. haec verba magnā benevolentiā dīxit nē eōs
offenderet.
]
No Result Clause adj/adv  Purpose Clause
• Translation: He said these words with great kindness
so that he would not offend them.
Exerceāmus!
5. talis amor illae fēminae erat ut nullus vir
eum evadere posset.
[evadō, evadere, evasī, evasus: to escape, avoid | amor, -oris m. love]
Result Clause
]
• Translation: The love of that woman was of such a sort/kind
that no man was able to escape it.
HW for Wednesday
• Map, annotate, and translate sentences #6
and 7 as practice for your Final Exam
Result Clauses
6. Catilina cum Gallīs furtim locutus est nē
Cicerōnem dē suā coniuratiōne indicārent.
[Catilina, -ae m.: Catiline | Gallus, –ī m.: Gaul | furtim: secretly | indicō, indicāre,
indicāvī, indicātus: inform |Cicerō, Cicerōnis m.: Cicero | coniuratiō, coniurātiōnis
f.: conspiracy]
Translation:
Catiline spoke with the Gauls secretly
so that they would not inform Cicero about his conspiracy.
Result Clauses
7. quails vir est Catilina? enim hic (vir) est vir
talis ut nostram urbem dēlēre coniuret, cum
nōs sumus ignarī suae verae naturae.
[coniurō, coniurāre, coniurāvī, coniurātus: to plot | noster, nostra, nostrum: our |
ignarus, -a, -um: ignorant (of something GENITIVE)|verus, -a, -um: true | natura, ae f.: nature]
• Translation:
What sort of man is Catiline?
Indeed this (man) is a man of such a sort/kind
that he plots to destroy our city,
while we are unaware of his true nature.
8/7/13
• Take a Final Exam prep packet from the desk
and read over the front page
Final Exam Prep
• 4 sentences for translation and 20 multiple
choice questions (taken from this year’s Final
Exam) follow on pg. 5-8
– Answer Keys are on pgs. 8-9
• TOMORROW :
– Bring at least 1 pen and 1 pencil
– Arrive EARLY so you can use your full 50 minutes
Final Exam Review
1. fortuna hōrum exercituum mortifera erat.
[mortifer, -a, -um: deadly]
Change the number of the underlined words.
huius exercituūs
Final Exam Review
2. Cleopatra, since she knew that Augustus would
kill her, sē interfēcit.
Translate the underlined word using one Latin word.
sciēns
Final Exam Review
3. Cleopatra, since she knew that Augustus
would kill her, sē interfēcit.
[Augustus: Augustus, -ī m.]
Translate the underlined words using three Latin
words.
Augustum interfēcturum esse
Final Exam Review
4. Caesarion, whom Cleopatra had sent away,
ab Augustō inventus et interfectus est.
[dimittō, dimittere, dimīsī, dimissus: to send away]
Translate the underlined words using three Latin
words.
quem Cleopatra dimīserat
Final Exam Review
3
5. Deponent verbs have ______
principal parts.
passive
Their endings look ___________
but their
active
translations are ALWAYS____________.
Final Exam Review
6. Translate into English:
secuta erat she had followed
loquuntur they speak
Final Exam Review
7. Translate into Latin using verbs from your
Deponent Verb List:
they will promise pollicēbuntur
we have suffered passī sumus
Final Exam Review
8. speculatorēs sequī tabellarium Cicerōnis conātī
sunt, tabellarius autem litterās nōn tradidit
[speculator, speculātōris, m.: spy | tabellarius, tabellarī, m.: letter carrier
| tradō, tradere, tradidī, traditus: to hand over, deliver]
Annotate, then translate into English.
Spies tried to follow Cicero’s letter carrier, however/but
the letter carrier did not deliver the letters.
Final Exam Review
9. Change the mood of the following verbs from
indicative to subjunctive:
iubeamus
iubēmus
discedunt discedant
vocāres
vōcābās
Final Exam Review
10. Cleopatra, since she knew that Augustus
would kill her, sē interfēcit.
Translate the underlined words into Latin using a
cum-clause and subjunctive mood.
cum scīret
Final Exam Review
11. optima arma mīlitibus dēdimus nē aciēs ab
hostibus superārētur.
[aciēs, acieī, f.: battle line]
Translate into English.
We gave the best weapons to the soldiers so that the
battle line was not overcome by the enemies.
Final Exam Review
12. Cicero tot oratiōnēs dedit ut nōs saepe in
forō audīremus.
[saepe: often | forum, ī n.: forum]
Translate into English.
Cicero gave so many speeches that we often listened in
the forum.
Final Exam Review
13. You bought grain yesterday to save money,
because the prices were low.
• What tense would the underlined verb use in
Latin?
imperfect
• What would the Latin word for “because” be
in this sentence if the verb “were” is in the
subjunctive mood?
cum
Final Exam Review
14. cēnāvimus apud Cicerōnem in order to taste
optimum cibum.
[cēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to eat dinner | gustō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: to taste]
Translate the underlined words using two Latin
words.
ut gustāremus
Final Exam Review
15. princeps omnibus cīvibus cibum dābit nē eīs
esuritiō noceat.
[esuritiō, -iōnis, f.: hunger | princeps, principis m. emperor| noceō, nocēre, nocuī,
nocitus: to harm, hurt, injure + DAT.]
Translate into English.
The emperor will give food to every citizen so that
hunger does not harm them.
Final Exam Review
16. Cicerō, urbem intrāns post suum exilium, ab
amicīs conplexus est.
[exilium, –ī n.: exile | conplectō, conplectere, conplectī, conplexus: to welcome,
embrace]
entering
Translate the underlined word: ____________
Make the underlined word plural, keeping case
and gender the same:
intrantēs
____________________
Final Exam Review
17. Cicerō...ab amicīs conplexus est.
Re-write this clause in Latin in the ACTIVE
amicī Cicerōnem conplectērunt
VOICE: __________________________
Why did the Roman chicken cross the
road?
So that the chef wouldn’t Caesar!
Purpose and Result Clauses
ENGLISH
Purpose
Result
LATIN
“in order THAT”, “so THAT”, “to”
ut
“in order THAT…not/didn’t/wouldn’t”,
“so THAT…not, etc.”
nē
“so, so much, of such a sort, of such a
kind, to the extent, so great, in such a
way” + THAT
ut
The verbs that follow these words
will all be SUBJUNCTIVE