Download Motion in One Dimension (Chapter 2) Describe motion in terms of

For the final, you may prepare one side of an 8 ½” by 11” sheet with equations, constants, and anything else you think you may
need for the exam. You will turn this in with your final. It would be to your advantage to prepare your sheet yourself, so that you
know where everything is, and what everything means. At a minimum, your sheet should contain all of the equations that we have
used this year, as I WILL NOT BE PROVIDING THESE FOR YOU. A review of the topics is below.
Motion in One Dimension (Chapter 2)
Describe motion in terms of frame of reference, displacement, time, and
velocity. Define and distinguish between distance and displacement, between speed and velocity. Define acceleration and
recognize situations in which acceleration exists. Distinguish between instantaneous speeds, velocities, and accelerations, and
average speeds, velocities, and accelerations. Calculate average speeds, velocities and accelerations. Construct and interpret
graphs of position vs. time, velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time. Apply kinematic equations to calculate distance, time, initial
or final velocities under conditions of constant acceleration. Given the initial velocity and acceleration of an object, predict the
resulting motion (see page 51). Recognize the value of g, the acceleration due to gravity on Earth (near sea level).
Vectors and Projectiles (Chapter 3) Recognize which quantities we’ve discussed are scalar and which are vector.
Add
and subtract vectors using graphical methods. Break vectors into vector components. Add and subtract vectors mathematically
including vectors that are not parallel nor perpendicular to each other. Resolve the weight of an object on an incline into
components that are parallel and perpendicular to the incline. Recognize examples of projectile motion. Describe the changes in
the horizontal and vertical components of a projectile’s velocity. Resolve projectile vectors into their components and apply
kinematic equations to solve problems.
Forces and Newton’s Laws (Chapter 4) Explain how unbalanced forces affect the motion of an object.
Interpret and
construct free-body diagrams. State each of Newton’s three Laws of Motion. Explain the relationship between the motion of an
object and the net force acting on it (Newton’s Second). Use free-body diagrams to determine the net force on an object.
Calculate static and kinetic friction forces. Define equilibrium, and recognize situations in which an object or system of objects is in
equilibrium. Identify action-reaction pairs, and realize the impact of Newton’s oft-misunderstood Third Law. Explain the difference
between mass and weight, and recognize appropriate units for both. Find the direction and magnitude of normal forces and for
goodness sake, recognize that the normal force is not necessarily equal to the weight of an object!
Work and Energy (Chapter 5)
Define work and calculate the work done by a force. Identify where work is being
performed in a variety of situations. Calculate the net work on an object, when many forces act upon it. Calculate the kinetic
energy for an object. Apply the work-energy theorem to solve problems. Distinguish between the different types of mechanical
energy, and recognize where they apply. Calculate gravitational potential energy, and elastic potential energy. Identify situations
in which conservation of mechanical energy is valid. State the Law of Conservation of Energy, and recognize that total energy is
always conserved, while mechanical may not be. Solve problems using conservation of mechanical energy.
1.
The following figure represents the position of a car as it varies with time:
Graph A
(a) What is the average velocity of the car from t = 0 to 5 seconds?
(b) Is the velocity constant, as far as you can tell? What is the acceleration of the car?
(c) Which graph (a or b) represents the position vs. time graph for this motion?
2.
The following figure represents the position of a car as it varies with time.
(a) What is the average velocity of the car from t = 0 to 5 seconds?
(b) Is the velocity constant? How can you tell?
(c) Which graph (a or b) represents the position vs. time graph for this motion?
3.
Use the velocity vs. time graph shown to the right, which describes the motion of a car, to
answer the following questions:
(a) What is the acceleration of the car from t = 0 to 4 seconds?
(b) How far does the car travel during the first 4 seconds?
(c) What is the acceleration of the car from t = 4 to 8 seconds?
(d) How far does the car travel during the last 4 seconds?
Graph B
4.
A ball is thrown into the air.
(a) If the components of its velocity at point A are as shown in the table, find those components for velocity at the other
positions and complete the table. Assume that g = 10 m/s2 and that air resistance is negligible:
D
C
B
A
E
F
G
H
I
Position
Horizontal
Velocity
(m/s)
Vertical
Velocity
(m/s)
Combined
Velocity
(m/s)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
40 m/s
30 m/s
50 m/s
Sketch
Velocity
Vector
(b) How far does the projectile travel horizontally from position A to position E?
(c) How high, relative to position A, does the ball travel?
5.
The figures below show free-body diagrams for four different situations. In which situation(s) is the box accelerating?
6.
Situation A represents a box (m = 5 kg) that being pulled by an applied force Fapp = 5 N. Can the box be moving?
7.
Situation D represents a box (m = 5 kg) that is falling off a building:
(a) What is the acceleration of the box?
(b) Is the box slowing down or speeding up?
(c) What is the mass of the box, assuming it’s falling on Earth?
8.
Based on the information shown, solve for forces A thru H in the following scenarios:
H
I
9.
Draw the free-body diagrams for following situations. Assume all surfaces are frictional:
F
m
F
m
m
m
Box pulled across floor by force F as shown.
Box pushed across floor by force F
Box suspended from ceiling by two ropes.
m
m



m
m
Box pulled up incline as shown.
10. Fill in the blanks for the following:
30
Fapp = 100 N
11. For each of the diagrams below, find the work done by the force(s) described.
12. A box is pulled across the floor 5 meters to the right. The forces acting on the object are shown on the diagram below:
(a) Which of the forces do no work?
(b) Solve for the work done by each force.
(c) What is the net work done on the box as it moves 5 meters?
(d) What is the change in kinetic energy for the box as it moves 5 meters?
13. Find the values for gravitational potential energy for blanks A thru E shown below:
14. The following figure shows the mechanical energy of a skier as it varies with her position on the ski slope. Find the mass m of the
skier, and fill in the blanks A thru D.
KE = ___A____
PE = ___B____
V = __D___
h = ___C____
15. The figure below shows the mechanical energy of a pendulum bob (m = 2 kg) as it swings back and forth. Fill in the blanks A
thru F.
16. Add the following displacement vectors:
16. Break the following vectors up into their components:
Practice A
25 N
Practice B
34
45 N
48