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831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook e c Scien er z i g r Ene September 22, 2011 Aug ust 31 1. Why is it difficult to determine Earth's inner structure? 2. What is the procedure for getting missed work when you're absent? 1 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook September 22, 2011 Layers of the Earth http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8073198.stm The deepest hole ever drilled by man is the Kola Superdeep Borehole, in Russia. It reached a depth of 12,261 meters (about 40,226 feet or 7.62 miles). It was drilled for scientific research and gave up some unexpected discoveries, one of which was a huge deposit of hydrogen so massive that the mud coming from the hole was boiling with it. 2 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook September 22, 2011 Crust • 570 km thick • The crust is the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin. • It is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor. • Thickest under mountains and thinnest beneath the ocean. 3 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook September 22, 2011 This contour map of the thickness of the Earth's crust was developed from the CRUST 5.1 model. The contour interval is 10 km; we also include the 45 km contour for greater detail on the continents. Two Types of Crust Continental Crust forms continents, consists mainly of rocks such as granite Oceanic Crust crust beneath the ocean that consists mostly of rocks such as basalt 4 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook September 22, 2011 Mantle • ~3,000 km • Made up of rock that is very hot, but solid. • Divided into layers based on the physical characteristics. Lithosphere • ~100 km • The crust combined with the upper mantle form a rigid layer called the lithosphere • The lithosphere 'floats' on the asthenosphere, like ice on water 5 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook September 22, 2011 Asthenosphere • ~685 km • Less rigid than the lithosphere • Softcan bend like plastic, although it is softer, it is still solid. • ~2,550 km • Also called the mesosphere • Solid all the way to the Earth's core • Makes up a majority of the mantle The Lower Mantle 6 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook • Made mostly of the metals iron and nickel. • Consists of the inner and outer core. • ~3,480 km • ~2,200 km • Layer of molten metals under extreme pressure • Assumed to be liquid because of how seismic waves travel through the Earth September 22, 2011 Core Outer Core 7 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook • ~1,200 km • Solid, dense • Under such intense pressure that the atoms of iron and nickel cannot spread out enough to become a liquid September 22, 2011 Inner Core Some points to remember in studying the earth’s interior: • There are distinct layers to the earth’s interior. • Heavier elements tend to sink to the core • Lighter elements rise toward the surface • Much more is known about the crust than the mantle and core. • What we believe is true about the mantle and core comes from studying seismology. 8 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook September 22, 2011 Modeling the Layers of the Earth You will create a scale diagram that illustrates the relative thickness of the layers of Earth. Together as a class we will figure out the scale and then individually, you will draw your diagram! Use the back of your handout to draw your diagram. Layer Actual Thickness (km) Inner core 1200 Outer core 2200 Lower mantle 2550 Upper mantle 685 Lithosphere 100 Crust (average) 40 Diagram Thickness (cm) 9 831 Core Mantle Crust.notebook September 22, 2011 Layer Actual Thickness (km) Diagram Thickness (cm) Inner core 1200 4.43 Outer core 2200 8.12 Lower mantle 2550 9.40 Upper mantle 685 2.53 Lithosphere 100 .37 Crust (average) 40 .15 10