Download Inner Ear

Lab 11 : Human Ear
Anatomy
Biology Department
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 Identifying Human Ear parts & their
functions
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Ear Parts
 The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance.
 In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three
parts:
 The outer ear
 Middle ear
The inner ear.
 All three parts of the ear are important for detecting sound by
working together to move sound from the outer part through
the middle and into the inner part of the ear.
 Ears also help to maintain balance.
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The outer ear
 The outer ear consists of :
1. Pinna (auricle ) :
Cartilage covered by skin placed on opposite sides of the head
The visible part of the outer ear.
 It collects sound and directs it into the outer ear canal
2. Auditory canal (external ear canal , external auditory meatus ):
The tube through which sound travels to the eardrum.
2.5 cm (length)
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The outer ear
The first part of the canal is surrounded by cartilage, while
the second part near the eardrum is surrounded by bone.
The skin surrounding the ear canal contains ceruminous and
sebaceous glands that produce protective ear wax.
The ear canal ends at the external surface of the eardrum
3. Eardrum outer layer ( tympanic membrane) :
A thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it
At the end of ear canal
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surrounded by
cartilage
surrounded by
bone
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Outer Ear Functions
 Collecting the sound
 Protection
 Localization
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Note : Pinna Landmarks
Helix
Antihelix
Concha
Tragus
Intertragal Notch
Antitragus
The middle ear
 A cleft within the temporal bone.
 Lining is mucous membrane
 Tympanic Membrane separates it from EAC
 It consists of :
an air-filled cavity called the tympanic cavity
includes the three ossicles.
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Middle Ear Structures
The ossicles are three small bones that function together to
receive, amplify, and transmit the sound from the eardrum to the
inner ear.
The ossicles are the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and the
stapes (stirrup).
 malleus (or hammer) :long handle attached to the eardrum
 incus (or anvil) : the bridge bone between the malleus and
the stapes

stapes (or stirrup) : the footplate; the smallest bone in the
body
The Eustachian tube (auditory tube ) connects it to nasopharynx
,it equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the air
outside.
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INNER EAR
• oval window : connects the middle ear with
the inner ear
• semicircular ducts
• cochlea.
• Auditory nerve - carry nerve signals from the
inner ear (the cochlea) to the brain.
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Inner Ear
 The inner ear contains the sensory organs for hearing and balance.
 The cochlea is the hearing part of the inner ear. The semicircular
canals in the inner ear are part of our balance system.
 The cochlea is a bony structure shaped like a snail and filled with two
fluids (endolymph and perilymph).
 The Organ of Corti is the sensory receptor inside the cochlea which
holds the hair cells, the nerve receptors for hearing.
 The mechanical energy from movement of the middle ear bones
pushes in a membrane (the oval window) in the cochlea. This force
moves the cochlea's fluids that, in turn, stimulate tiny hair cells
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Inner Ear
 Signals from these hair cells are changed into nerve
impulses. The nerve impulses are sent out to the brain
by the cochlear portion of the auditory nerve.
Also housed within the inner ear are the semicircular
canals, three loops of fluid-filled tubes that are
attached to the cochlea in the inner ear
These structures help control one’s sense of steadiness
or balance. These balance organs share the temporal
bone space with the cochlea. These organs also share
the same fluid that is in the cochlea.
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How Our Balance System
Works
 Balance and equilibrium help us stay upright when standing and
know where we are in relation to gravity.
 Our balance system also helps us walk, run, and move without
falling. Balance is controlled through signals to the brain from
your eyes, the inner ear, and the sensory systems of the body
(such as the skin, muscles, and joints). This balance system is also
known as the vestibular system.
 In the inner ear, the balance system consists of three
semicircular canals that contain fluid and “sensors” that detect
rotational movement of the head.
 Each of the semicircular canals lies at a different angle and is
situated at a right angle to each other.
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How Our Balance System
Works
The semicircular canals deal with different movement: up-
and-down, side-to-side, and tilting from one side to the other.
 All contain sensory hair cells that are activated by movement
of inner ear fluid (endolymph).
As the head moves, hair cells in the semicircular canals send
nerve impulses to the brain by way of the vestibular nerve.
 The nerve impulses are processed in the brain to help us
know where we are in space or if we are moving.
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Show Human Ear Model
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