Download Periodic Table notes

element
chemical symbol
atomic nucleus
protons
atomic number
neutrons
electrons
isotopes
mass number
atomic mass
period
group or family
periodic trend
Define these
common
chemistry
vocabulary
terms
Element
Any material that is made up of only
one type of atom
Use chemical symbol
to abbreviate
1st letter uppercase
2nd letter lowercase
Atomic Nucleus
Contains protons and neutrons
Contains most of atoms mass
Protons
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Determines the element
Positively charged
Mass = 1 amu (atomic mass
unit)
6 x 1023 amu = 1 gram
Atomic number tells the
number of protons in the
atom
Neutrons
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Neutral charge
Mass about the same as
proton – 1 amu
Electrons
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Negatively charged
Located outside nucleus in electron cloud
Mass = 1/1836 amu
Ions
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Charged atoms
In neutral atoms, number of protons and
electrons are equal so they have a 0 net charge
In a 2+ ion, the atom has two less electrons than
protons to give a positive 2 net charge
Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that contain
different numbers of neutrons
Mass number

Total number of
protons and neutrons
in an atom
Atomic mass
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
Average mass of all
isotopes of that
element
Found on periodic
table
# neutrons = Mass number – atomic number

Row on the periodic table is called

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Period
Column on the periodic table is called

Group or family
Group or Family names
Diagram of atom
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Atoms are mostly empty space
Nucleus is 1/10000 of the size of the whole
atom
Bohr Model Diagrams

Simplified energy levels using Bohr’s idea of
circular orbits.
Lithium
Atomic #: 3
Mass:
7
# of p:
# of e:
# of n:
3
3
4
eep
n
n
n
p
p
n
e-
Can replace with:
3p
4n
Maximum eLevel 1 2eLevel 2 8eLevel 3 18eLevel 4 32e-
Bohr Models
Periodic Trend


Things that occur in a repeating pattern on the
periodic table
Atomic number, # of energy levels, valence
electrons, oxidation #, atomic size, metallic
properties
Physical properties of metals
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Malleable – can be hammered into a thin sheet
Ductile – can be pulled into thin wire
High density
Solid at room temperature
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Luster - shiny
Physical properties of nonmetals
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Brittle
Low density
Low melting point
Solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
dull

Oops! Those "harmless" germanium capsules
you just swallowed may have an extra proton in
each nucleus.
Is this good news or bad news? Why?

Which has more atoms: A one gram sample of
carbon-12, or a one gram sample of carbon-13?

Suppose you could add or subtract protons from
oxygen nuclei. To turn oxygen into a gas that
would glow red when an electric current flows
through it, would you add or subtract protons?
How many?

Compared to hydrogen, the element helium has
a) more mass and is larger in size
b) more mass and is about the same in size
c) more mass and is smaller in size
d) none of the above