Download Biology Study Guide Benchmark 2 KEY Unit 3 Organisms

Biology Study Guide Benchmark 2 KEY
Unit 3 Organisms
Kingdom
Structure
1. Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
2. Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
3. Protists
Eukaryotic
Function
Lives in extreme
environments
Decomposers
Single Cellular or
Multicellular
Decomposers
Autotroph
Heterotrophs
Obtains
Food/Energy
Chemotrophs
Autotrophs
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Absorption
Autotroph
Heterotroph
4. Fungi
Eukaryotic
5. Plants
Eukaryotic
6. Animals
Eukaryotic
Define the following terms:
7. Heterotrophic
An organism that cannot manufacture its own food and instead
obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances,
usually plant or animal matter.
8. Autotrophic
an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances
from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
Reproduces?
Asexually
Binary Fission
Asexually
Binary Fission
Sexually
Sexually
Sexually
Sexually
9. Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus: Based on Linnaeus’s System of classification, identify whether these
organisms have the same Class, Order, Genus, or Species.
-Same GENUS
10. Define Taxonomy: List Linnaeus’s System of Classification from MOST Specific to Less Specific.
How are phylogenetic trees and cladograms used to illustrate evolutionary relationships and classify
organisms?
-Taxonomy: the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms
-Cladograms/Phyogenic Trees: Biologists use cladograms and phylogenetic trees to illustrate relationships
among organisms and evolutionary relationships for organisms with a shared common ancestor.
11. Circle all that apply: Two organisms in the same class are also in the same:
a. Genus
b. Species
c. Family
d. Phylum
11. What two things is the modern system of classification based on? Structures and Common Ancestors
12. What is Binomial Nomenclature? Who came up with this system? he system of nomenclature in which
two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the
second the species. Carl Linnaeus
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13. What microscopic characteristic would be most noticeably different between an organism in kingdom
Protista verses a bacteria? Protista would have a nucleus
14. List the kingdoms that are made up exclusively of single-celled organisms. Archaebacteria and
Eubacteria
15. List 3 reasons viruses are considered nonliving? Requires a host to survive and reproduce, lacks the cell
organelle’s needed to go through mitosis, does not contain both DNA and RNA. A virus only contains
DNA OR RNA.
Use the Phylogenic Tree to answer Question #16.
16. Based on the phylogeny shown, we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species:
Species #3.
17. What do common sequences of DNA show? to find similarities in the DNA sequences of creatures that
are supposedly related through evolutionary descent
18. What did Charles Darwin observe in the Galapagos Islands? He noticed that the different islands
seemed to have their own, slightly different varieties of animals.
19. What specific information about Finches did Darwin observe in the Galapagos Islands? He observed a
variety of different types of finches. Each type had a different type of beak that was best adapted to its
environment.
20. What is the theory of evolution and how has it changed over time? How did Lamarck’s theory differ?
The theory of evolution is how organisms change over to time to better adapt to their environment.
The theory has been modified as new evidence has been discovered.
21. What is biodiversity? What are threats to biodiversity? The variety of life in the world or in a particular
habitat or ecosystem. Threats to biodiversity are: Habitat destruction, Poaching (killing animals),
Deforestation, Pollution
22. What is a fossil record? What does the fossil record tell us about how species have adapted over time?
The total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them
about how the species has adapted/evolved over time.
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23. Complete the following Concept Map for Viruses and Living Organisms:
Viruses:
Similarities:
Living Organisms:
Nonliving
Have genetic material
living cell
Require a host
Able to reproduce/evolve
Has a nucleus
24. Based on the chart above, name two species are least related? Human and Horse
25. How can the anatomies of different organisms show relatedness? Appearance has been used as an
indicator of the relatedness of organisms. Structures and it’s function, also provides evidence of
descent with modification. The elephant and the mammoth, for instance, clearly have similar
anatomies and share a common ancestor.
Use the Cladogram to Answer the Questions below:
26. According to this diagram, Goniopholididae is most closely related to Dyrosauridae.
27. According to the diagram, Crocodylia is most closely related to Bernissartia.
28. What evidence supports common ancestry? Fossils show that ancient species share similarities with
species that now live on Earth.
29. What is natural selection? The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend
to survive and produce more offspring.
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30. What are the requirements for natural selection? Individuals in the population show variations,
variations are inheritable, Members of the population have more offspring than can survive on
available resources, Variations that increase reproductive success have a greater chance of being
passed on.
31. What does natural selection lead to? Natural selections to species evolving/adapting to their
environment overtime.
32. Why do some populations survive and others do not? Because some species are better adapted to
their environment as well as capable of adapting to their environment in a short period of time.
33. How does the presence of a beneficial gene or adaptation affect future populations of organisms? The
presence of a beneficial gene allows a population to adapt to their environment and pass that
beneficial gene on to their offspring.
34. What is biological resistance? The natural or genetic ability of an organism to avoid or repel attack by
abiotic and biotic agents.
35. How has natural selection led to biological resistance in organisms? Because some organisms contain a
beneficial gene that allows it to naturally or genetically adapt to its environment or become resistant
to an insecticide or pesticide to increase the chances of survival for their species.
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