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Parts of Speech Review
Pre-AP English 2
Nouns
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A noun is a word used to name a person,
place, thing, or idea.
A proper noun names a particular person,
place, thing, or idea. It begins with a
capital letter. Examples: St. Louis,
Margaret Mead, Chevrolet, Republican.
A common noun does not name a
particular person, place, thing, or idea.
Examples: city, woman, automobile,
political party.
***Frame Sentence***
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Most nouns fit into this frame sentence:
(The) ________ is (are) important
(unimportant, interesting, uninteresting).
Now watch this!
Pronouns
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A pronoun is a word used in place of a
noun or of more than one noun. It may
stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
A pronoun usually takes the place of a
previously mentioned noun or noun
phrase known as an antecedent.
The pronoun and its antecedent may be in
either the same sentence or separate, but
usually adjacent, sentences.
Example
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Dan said he will have the report done by
Friday.
He is the pronoun. Dan is the antecedent.
Example
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The students worked in the field for an
entire semester. At the end of the school
year, they presented their findings at a
conference.
They is the pronoun. The students is the
antecedent.
Why is the following passage
somewhat unclear?
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The study found that students succeed
when they have clear directions,
consistent and focused feedback, and
access to help. This led administrators to
create a tutoring center at our university.
Better said…
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The study found that students succeed
when they have clear directions,
consistent and focused feedback, and
access to help. The results of this study
led administrators to create a tutoring
center at our university.
Pronouns include…
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I, me
you
he, him
she, her
it
we, us
they, them
my, mine
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your, yours
his
her, hers
its
our, ours
their, theirs
and these…
*also used as adjectives
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who
whom
*which
*that
*what
whose
*this
*these
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*that
*those
*all
another
*any
anybody
*both
*each
…and these.
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*either
everybody
everyone
*few
*many
most
*neither
nobody
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no one
*one
other
*several
*some
Somebody
Someone
such
Now watch this!
Adjectives
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An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or
a pronoun.
Most adjectives answer one of these questions:
Which one? What kind of…? How many? What
color (or size or shape, and so on)?
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Adjectives usually precede the nouns they
modify, but occasionally follow them: enough
time, time enough.
The most common adjectives are the articles a,
an, and the.
***Frame Sentences***
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He told us about a/an ________ idea
(person, animal, object).
The idea (person, animal, object) is very
_______.
The _______ one seems very _______.
Examples
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Jeff brought the pizza, golden and bubbly,
to the table.
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The day seemed endless.
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You are wrong.
Now watch this!
Homework:
Complete the exercise over nouns,
pronouns and adjectives!
GOOD LUCK!
Review!
Parts of Speech Review
Day 2
Verbs
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A verb is a word that expresses action OR
helps to make a statement by expressing
being or experiencing.
Helping verbs add meaning to a main
verb, such as information about time,
ability, or certainty.
***Frame Sentence***
for Action Verbs
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We should _______ (it).
NOTE: With some verbs, it is not used.
Linking Verbs include…
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Am
Is
Was
Were
Be
Being
Been
Are
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Appear
Become
Feel
Grow
Look
Remain
Seem
Smell
Sound
Stay
Taste
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Some can also be action words.
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Often called “state-ofbeing” verbs.
***Frame Sentence***
for Linking Verbs
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It should ________ good (terrible, fine).
Which sentence evokes a clearer
image?
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The team captain was absolutely ecstatic.
OR
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Grinning broadly, the team captain shot
both her arms into the air.
Action or Linking?
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Look at the map, and tell me what town
we are approaching.
ACTION – look, tell, are approaching
This could be clearer; it does not show the
new expressway.
LINKING – could be
ACTION – does show
Action or Linking?
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A climate map looks different from a
political map, but it is not as interesting to
me.
LINKING – looks, is
Along the coast the deposits of a river
may build a delta, which forms at the
mouth of the river.
ACTION – may build, forms
Now watch this!
Adverbs
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An adverb is a word used to modify a
verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
They provide information about time,
manner, place, and frequency, thus
answering one of these questions: When?
How? Where? How often? How much? To
what extent?
***Frame Sentence***
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They _____________ moved (danced,
walked) across the room.
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She/He thinks ______.
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She/He __________ thinks fast.
What do the adverbs add to the
following sentences?
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The scientist delicately places the slide
under the microscope.
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“You’re late,” he scolded vehemently.
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She is wistfully hopeful.
Examples
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Rita measured the chemicals carefully.
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We will leave early.
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I have been there.
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We went far.
Now watch this!
Conjunctions
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A conjunction is a word that joins words
and groups of words.
The three kinds of conjunctions are
coordinating, subordinating, and
correlative.
When the words join words or groups of
words, they are conjunctions.
Coordinating Conjunctions
“FAN BOYS”
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For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Subordinating Conjunctions
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After
Although
As
As if
As long as
As though
Because
Before
Even if
Even though
Except
If
In order that
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Once
Since
So that
Than
Though
Unless
Until
When
Whenever
Where
Wherever
Whether
While
Correlative Conjunctions
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Either…or
Neither…nor
Both…and
Not only…but (also)
Whether…or
NOTE: These conjunctions are always
used in pairs!
Now watch this!
Homework:
Complete the exercise over verbs,
adverbs and conjunctions!
GOOD LUCK!
Parts of Speech Review
Day 3
Prepositions
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A preposition is a word used to show the
relation of a noun or pronoun that follows
it to some other word in the sentence.
Prepositions set up relationships between
words.
A preposition combines with a pronoun,
noun, or noun phrase to create a
prepositional phrase which functions as an
adjective or adverb.
“Anywhere a mouse can go…”
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About
Above
Across
After
Against
Along
Among
Around
At
Before
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Behind
Below
Beneath
Beside
Besides
Between
Beyond
But (meaning
except)
By
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Concerning
Down
Due to
During
Except
For
From
In
Into
In spite of
“Anywhere a mouse can go…”
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Instead of
Like
Of
Off
On
Over
Past
Since
Through
Throughout
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To
Toward
Under
Underneath
Until
Up
Upon
With
Within
Without
and Phrasal Prepositions
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According to
As for
Because of
Due to
Except for
In addition to
In spite of
Instead of
With regard to
Prepositional Phrases
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A phrase is a group of words used as a
single part of speech and NOT containing
a subject and its verb.
A prepositional phrase used as an
adjective is an adjective phrase.
A prepositional phrase used as an adverb
is an adverb phrase.
Adjective Phrases
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Remember: Adjectives modify nouns or
pronouns.
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Our struggle against nature is unending.
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The guard at the entrance let us in.
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At the end of the day everyone was tired.
Adverb Phrases
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Remember: Adverbs modify verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs.
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Please call in the morning.
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We spent the afternoon at the museum.
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Broken china can be mended with glue.
Now watch this!
And finally, Interjections!
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Interjections are expressions of surprise or
strong feeling.
They are most commonly used before a
sentence or at the beginning of a
sentence to indicate surprise, dread, or
some other strong emotion.
They are generally followed by an
exclamation point or a comma.
Examples
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Wow! Your design is astounding.
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Oh no, you can’t be telling the truth.
Now watch this!
Homework
Complete the exercises on conjunctions
(to review some more), interjections,
and prepositions.
GOOD LUCK!
Review!
Subject, Verb, Complements
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Every sentence consists of two parts: the
subject and the predicate.
The subject of a sentence is that part
about which something is being said.
The predicate is that part which says
something about the subject.
The simple subject and the simple
predicate are essential parts of all
sentences.
Complements
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Many sentences have a third basic part, a
complement, or completer, which completes the
meaning begun by the subject and verb.
There are four kinds of complements: the direct
object, the indirect object, the predicate
nominator, and the predicate adjective.
The predicate nominative and predicate
adjective are also called subject complements
because they refer to the subject.
The direct object and indirect object are also
called the objective complements because each
is an object that completes the meaning of the
verb.
Examples
Simple Subject
Verb
The teacher
gave
The teacher
gave
My brother
is
Her grades
have been
Complement
the answers.
direct object
him the answers.
indirect object
a pianist.
subj. comp.
satisfactory.
subj. comp.
Direct Objects
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The direct object is a word or group of
words that receives the action of the verb
or shows the result of the action.
It answers the question whom or what
after an action verb.
They are usually pronouns, nouns, or
noun phrases.
To identify a direct object…
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…find the subject and the verb and then
use them in a question ending with what
or whom.
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Marie Curie discovered WHAT?
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The direct object would be: radium.
Examples
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I.M. Pei designed the East Building of
the National Gallery.
Steve McQueen invented the bucket
seat in 1960.
Indirect Objects
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The indirect object precedes the direct
object and usually tells to whom or for
whom the action of the verb is done.
They are typically pronouns, nouns, or
noun phrases.
They commonly appear after the verbs
bring, buy, give, lend, offer, sell, and send.
Examples
I gave her your message.
I gave what?
your message
To whom?
her