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The Second Half of the Civil War
Warmup
On scrap of paper…
Student’s Choice Award!
• Upholds class policy
• Respected by everyone
• Has good character
On warm-up sheet…
Is killing civilians a legitimate war strategy?
Why or why not?
Warm up
• Read the first two sentences of Abraham
Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg Address and then
summarize them in your own words.
• “Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal. Now
we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated can long endure.”
This is a simple version of the Gettysburg Address:
Eighty-seven (87) years ago, the European settlers on this
continent created a new nation, created in liberty, and dedicated
to the idea that all people are created equal.
At this time, our country is involved in a big internal war,
which will find out if this nation (or any other nation which was
created for the same reasons and dedicated to the same ideas)
gets to survive. A great battle of that war occurred in the area
where we are meeting here today. We are here to dedicate a
part of it as a cemetery for the soldiers who died so that our
nation could continue to live. It is right and good for us to do
this.
But, when you think about it, we cannot dedicate or bless
this ground. The brave people, living and dead, who fought here,
have already blessed this place more than we will ever be able
to. The world might not care about or remember what we say
here, but it will never forget what they did here.
Instead, it is the job of us who are still alive to support the
unfinished work which those who fought here honorably
continued. Here, inspired by their example, we must dedicate
ourselves to keeping the ideals this nation began with.
We resolve:
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that our soldiers shall not have died in vain
that our nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom, and
that our government of the people, by the people, and
for the people shall not vanish from this earth
Gettysburg
• Lee headed into S. Pennsylvania, learning of a
supply of shoes in the town of Gettysburg and
went to investigate.
• On July 1st 1863, he ran into Union troops and
the Battle of Gettysburg had begun.
• On the 3rd day of fighting, Lee ordered General
Pickett to make a direct attack on the middle line
of the Union. (Pickett’s Charge)
• It was a deadly mistake. 13,000 Confederate
troops charged and were torn to pieces.
Pickett’s Charge Video Clips
• Pickett’s Charge- The Plan
• Pickett’s Charge- Union Victory!
The South loses at Gettysburg
• Lee retreated to Virginia.
• The Union lost 23,000
men but the
Confederates lost 28,000.
• It was the turning point of
the Civil War- the Union
won, the Confederacy
never again went north.
Lincoln giving the Gettysburg Address
Vicksburg
• The South’s devastating defeat
at Gettysburg was made worse
the next day. On July 4th,
1863, Grant successfully
captured Vicksburg, MS
• This gave the Union complete
control of the Mississippi River.
• Cut off Texas, Louisiana &
Arkansas from the rest of the
Confederacy
• No more hope of foreign
help for the Confederacy
from England or France.
Vicksburg
• Vicksburg Video Clip
• Ken Burns- Vicksburg Video Clip
“War is All Hell”
• March 1864, Lincoln removed Grant
from command out West and placed
him in overall command of all Union
forces.
• William T. Sherman replaces Grant.
• Summer of 1864, Sherman headed out
of Tennessee towards Georgia.
• His target was the key rail and
economic center of the South, Atlanta
• Sherman’s strategy to help win the war
– “Total War”- make sure that the
South was unable and unwilling to
fight by destroying everything in his
path. (civilian & military)
QUICK STUDY
Goals of Total War
Lee retreats
• While Sherman headed into Georgia, Grant pursued Lee
into Virginia.
• All spring and summer, Grant pushed Lee south,
towards Richmond.
• Lee, heavily outnumbered, continued to retreat, trying to
avoid major engagements that might lose the war.
• Grant would maintain pressure on Lee, always attacking.
• Union casualties were very high, but Grant had more
men to lose than Lee.
• Key battles: The Wilderness & Cold Harbor
The Election of 1864
• As the election of 1864 approached, Lincoln was losing
to a Democratic challenger that is familiar to us named
George McClellan who promised to end the war quickly.
• Lincoln was losing in the polls because the war was not
going well.
• Northerners were getting tired of the prolonged war.
• Lincoln’s chances improved when Sherman finally
captured Atlanta
• Lincoln got 55% of the popular vote (North only).
Last Southern effort in the West
• Out west, the Confederates tried
one last time to turn the tide.
• The Army of Tennessee
(Confederate), led by John B.
Hood invaded Tennessee with the
goal of distracting Sherman.
• At the key battle of Franklin a
costly frontal assault led to defeat
for Hood. Then his forces were
soundly defeated at the battle of
Nashville.
The March to the Sea
• Sherman left Atlanta
and headed for the
Atlantic port of
Savannah, GA.
• He continued his
campaign of total war,
ravaging a 50-mile
wide swath of land in
his famous “March to
the Sea.”
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Summarize
Appomattox Court House
• At the same time, Lee and Grant had stopped moving
and settled into a siege that would last 9 months around
Richmond.
• Lee’s forces were stretched too thin.
• He tried to lead his army west then south to link up with
Joe Johnston’s Army in North Carolina. He never made
it and was forced to surrender on April 9th, 1865 at
Appomattox Court House, VA.
The South Surrenders
• April, 1865 was a momentous month for our Nation.
• Lincoln attempted to create a plan that would promote
reconciliation between the North and South
• However, a rather famous actor decided that “the South
shall rise again!” He began to formulate a plan to ensure
that the South would still win…
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence