Download 1 bones of the upper limb

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Bones of the Upper Limb
The Clavicle
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The clavicle is an S-shaped long bone, which forms part of the pectoral girdle
It articulates proximally with the sternum and distally with the acromion of scapula
Bony features include:
 Acromial facet
 Sternal facet
 Impression for costoclavicular ligament
 Subclavian groove
 Conoid tubercle
 Trapezoid line
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Right clavicle
Smooth superior surface of the shaft, under the platysma muscle
Deltoid tubercle:
attachment of the deltoid
Acromial facet
Conoid tubercle, attachment of the
conoid ligament
which is the medial part of the
coracoclavicular ligament
Sternal facet
Subclavian groove:
site of attachment of the
subclavius muscle
Acromial facet
Impression for the
costoclavicular ligament
which binds the clavicle to
the first rib
Rough inferior surface of the
shaft, over the first rib
Trapezoid line, attachment of the
trapezoid ligament
which is the lateral part of the
coracoclavicular ligament
FACTOIDS
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Its occasionally pierced by a branch of the supraclavicular nerve
thicker and more curved in manual workers
weakest part is the junction of the middle and lateral thirds: most commonly fractured; more common in children
after a fracture, the sternocleidomastoid elevates the medial fragment of the clavicle, and the shoulder drops.
The lateral fragment of the clavicle gets pulled medially by the arm adductors, eg. pectoralis major
THE CLAVICLE IS THE FIRST LONG BONE TO OSSIFY in the embryo (5th-6th week)
Protects the neurovascular bundle supplying the upper arm, forming a bony boundary of the cervical canal
Transmits traumatic impact force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Contains NO MEDULLARY CAVITY
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
The Scapula
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The clavicle is a triangular flat bone which lies on the posterolateral surface of the thorax
Proximally, it is curved to move over the chest wall, and distally it articulates with the clavicle at the
acromioclavicular joint, and with the head of humerus at the glenohumeral joint
Bony features include:
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Subscapular fossa
Spine of scapula,
Delotid tubercle on the spine of scapula
Acromion process of the spine of scapula
Facet for articulation with the clavicle
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Coracoid process
Suprascapular notch
Glenoid cavity
Right Scapula
Suprascapular notch
Supraspinous fossa
Spine of the scapula
Head of scapula
Infraspinous fossa
Facet for the clavicle
Superior border:
THINNEST bone
Acromion
Body of scapula
(forms the head)
Coracoid process
Supraglenoid tubercle:
For attachment of long
head of biceps
This whole surface is the
subscapular fossa
Glenoid cavity:
4cm by 2-3 cm;
Faces anterolaterally
and slightly superiorly
Infraglenoid tubercle:
For attachment of long head of triceps
Lateral border: a thick bar
of bone, the stress-bearing
region of the scapula
Medial (vertebral)border:
Thin bone
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The Humerus
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the humerus is a long bone, the largest in the upper limb
it articulates proximally with the scapula at the scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint
it articulates distally with the ulna at the elbow joint
Bicipital groove
Greater tubercle
The humerus is in direct
contact with a bunch of
important nerves:
The Right Humerus
Lesser Tubercle
The anatomical neck is formed by a groove
distal to the head but proximal to the tubercles
The Axillary Nerve
At the surgical neck
The surgical neck is the narrow part past the tubercles
The Deltoid Tuberosity is where the deltoid attaches
The Radial Nerve
The Radial groove is where the radial nerve and deep
artery of the arm pass next to the humerus
At the radial groove
The sharp lateral
supracondylar
ridge
The Median Nerve
The sharp medial supracondylar ridge
The Lateral
Epicondyle :
attachment for
EXTENSORS
At the distal humerus
The Medial Epicondyle :
attachment for FLEXORS
The Ulnar
Nerve
At the medial
epicondyle
Olecranon Fossa : receives the
olecranon process of ulna
Trochlea articulates with the
trochlear notch of the ulna
Coronoid Fossa : receives the
coronoid process of the ulna
Capitulum : articulates with
the head of radius
Radial Fossa: receives the
head of radius
Bony features include:
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The head of humerus
The anatomical neck
The greater tubercle
The lesser tubercle
Intertubercular groove – bicipital groove
The surgical neck
The deltoid tuberosity
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The radial groove
The medial and lateral
supracondylar ridges
The medial and lateral
epicondyles
The olecranon fossa
The trochlea
The coronoid fossa
The radial fossa
The capitulum
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
The Humerus
common fracture sites and the position of the nerves relative to these
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COMMONEST fracture site: the SURGICAL NECK
 AXILLARY NERVE is injured by this
MID-SHAFT fracture: either transverse, from a direct blow, or spiral, from a fall on an outstretched arm
 RADIAL NERVE is injured this way as it runs in the radial groove
INTERCONDYLAR FRACTURE: fall on a flexed elbow; the olecranon is driven into the olecranon fossa,
shattering it;
 MEDIAN NERVE is damaged by this
 ULNAR NERVE may be damaged by this
The greater tubercle can get avulsed, but there are no nerves around to be harmed by this
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
The Radius
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the humerus is a long bone, the largest in the upper limb
it articulates proximally with the scapula at the scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint
it articulates distally with the ulna at the elbow joint
the radius is a long bone, the shorter of the two in the forearm
proximally, the head of radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
the head also articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
the radial tuberosity separates the neck of radius from the body
The head of radius
The neck of radius
Radial tuberosity
Bony features include:
The body of radius
head of radius
neck of radius
radial tuberosity
body of radius
radial styloid process
Dorsal markings on the distal radius,
ulnar notch
groove for extensor digitorum
and extensor indices
groove for extensor pollicis
longus
dorsal tubercle of radius
groove for extensor carpi
radialis
groove for extensor carpi
radialis longus and brevis
Ulnar notch: this is
where the head of the
ulna articulates
Posterior oblique line
Groove for extensor
pollicis longus
Dorsal tubercle of radius:
“Listers tubercle”
Groove for extensor carpi
radialis longus and brevis
Groove for extensor
digitorum and extensor
indices
Radial styloid process: MUCH LARGER
than the ulnar. It extends further distally
by about 1 fingers breadth.
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Markings on the Dorsal Radius
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the humerus is a long bone, the largest in the upper limb
it articulates proximally with the scapula at the scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint
it articulates distally with the ulna at the elbow joint
extensor CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS and BREVIS
Dorsal tubercle of radius
extensor POLLICIS LONGUS
extensor DIGITORUM and extensor INDICES
Ulnar notch
ULNA
RADIUS
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The Ulna
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the ulna is a medial long bone, the longer of the two in the forearm.
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Proximally, it articulates with the capitulum and trochlea of the humerus;
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At the radial notch, it articulates with the head of radius
It stabilizes the forearm
The HEAD LIES DISTALLY.
The Olecranon
The Trochlear Notch
The Coronoid Process
The Radial Notch where the
head of the radius goes
The Tuberosity of the Ulna is
where the Brachialis attaches
Supinator fossa
Supinator crest
The deep part of
the supinator
attaches here
Bony features include:
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The head of ulna
The ulnar styloid process
Humerus and ulna: landmarks and articulations
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the humerus is a long bone, the largest in the upper limb
it articulates proximally with the scapula at the scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint
it articulates distally with the ulna at the elbow joint
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the ulna and humerus articulate at the elbow joint
the articulations include:
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articulation between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna
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articulation of the olecranon process and the olecranon fossa during extension
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articulation of the coronoid process and the coronoid fossa during flexion
the surface landmarks include
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the medial and lateral epicondyle
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the olecranon
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the posterior border of the ulna
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Olecranon
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
Radial notch
Tuberosity of ulna
Supinator fosa
Supinator crest
Head of ulna
Ulnar styloid process
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
The Articulated Carpus
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the humerus is a long bone, the largest in the upper limb
it articulates proximally with the scapula at the scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint
it articulates distally with the ulna at the elbow joint
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the carpals are eight bones arranged in two rows
the carpus is convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly
these bones glide on each other, as well as the two rows gliding on each other, as well as gliding along the
radiocarpal joint.
Some Lovers Try Positions
That They Cant Handle:
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Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform,
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.
The scaphoid, linate and triquetrum articulate with the radius.
Capitate Articulates with the 3rd metacarpal
Largest bone in the carpus
Trapezoid
Articulates with the 2nd
metacarpal
Hamate
Articulates with the 4th and 5th metacarpal
Tubercle of trapezium
Hook of Hamate
Trapezium
Articulates with the 1st and
2nd metacarpals
Tubercle of scaphoid
Pisiform
Scaphoid
Largest bone in the proximal row
Articular disk
Triquetrum
Lunate
5th 4th 3rd
Hamate
2nd
1st
Capitate Trape trapezium
zoid
1st
References: Moore’s Clinically Oriented Anatomy 5th edition
1st
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