Download 480 BC

480 BC
SUMMARY
Roman art was about
Exam question:
In 480 BC, the Greeks fought a major battle
with the Persians. We consider this date to
be the beginning of the _________ era.
a. Hellenistic
b. Archaic
c. Good Times
d. Classical
POWER, PLEASURE & PRACTICALITY
ARCHitecture
ART: media: mosaic, fresco
SCULPTURE: Realism
MUSIC: not much to say
e. Imperial
(don’t bother to copy down wrong answers!)
map
ANCIENT ROME
The Spirit of
Empire
Romulus & Remus
better map
p. 72
Etruscan
Apollo from Veii
500 b.c
Life size
Baked clay
(terracotta)
Archaic Greek
influence (smile, stance)
p. 71
But first some connections and
comparisons . . .
3 Roman Periods
• Roman Republic 509 - 27 BC
• Early empire
27 BC - 180 AD
PAX ROMANA
ends with the reign of Marcus Aurelius
• Late empire
180 - 395 AD
about 900 years
Ancient Greek Hellenistic Age ends in
145 BC – why?
ROMAN
CONQUEST
Other cultures
Ancient Egypt 3150 – 702 BC
about 2500 years
China
3 timelines
ROME –
900 years
Roman Republic
Shang Dynasty starts 1523 BC; more-or-less
continuous Chinese culture since then,
about 3500 years
Qin Dynasty consolidates China,
221-206 BC, about 16 years
Classical Greek
Early & Late Imperial Rome
Hellenistic
Archaic
Greek
HAN DYNASTY - CHINA
Zhou
Qin
Han Dynasty 206 BC – 220 CE
classical phase of Chinese civilization,
about 400 years
Classical – some definitions
1. [culturally inclusive] Definitive
(defining) and enduring
2. [narrow sense] art & architecture
of Greek & Roman antiquity
3. [another general sense] ‘art which
aspires to emotional and physical
equilibrium, rationally rather than
intuitively constructed’
Chin
3
Kingdoms
0
Roman contributions
• Literature
• Continuation of Greek models in
art & philosophy
• Architecture
Post & Lintel
construction
LINTEL
P
P
O
O
S
S
T
T
GREEK
PARTHENON
Something new
under the sun . . .
Post & Lintel
drawbacks
LINTEL
P
P
O
O
S
S
T
T
thick
narrow
thick
Roman ARCHitecture
Pont du Gard (in France)
Arches – strength
through
compression
Inventions reached their limit a long time ago, and I see no hope
for further development.
Julius Frontius, 1st century AD
Archways for Aquaducts
Pantheon
p. 82-83
Pantheon
Pantheon plan
Interior
views
Engineering
marvel
Concrete!
Missing pedimental
Interior more
spectacular than
exterior
later used
as church
sculpture
Pantheon comments
(would have been
like Parthenon)
Tuscan order of
columns (with
Corinthian capitals)
Coliseum
• Brings together the violence and the
achievements of Roman society
• Home of gladiatorial contests…man vs.man,
man vs. animal, animal vs. animal
• Seating designed for comfort with an
expandable covering over the top
• Plumbing which could wash away the blood
or create an ‘inland sea’ on which to have
mock sea battles
POWER (POLITICS) & PLEASURE
plan
Art as
propaganda
Taxi!
Hail, Caesar Augustus!
a.k.a. Octavian
Ruled 27 BC – 14 AD
PAX ROMANA
MEMORIZE DATE: 0
Hailing Caesar
p. 74
Ara Pacis Augustae
p. 75
Altar of Augustan Peace
2:1 length:height
Column of Trajan
p. 76
A family affair
SCALE!
art as propaganda
p. 77
Portrait Sculpture
Roman Realism
Life as it is –
fidelity to nature
Livia
Augustus’
Wife
Livia
Statue of an old market woman, 1st century A.D.; Roman
On the way to a
rite of Dionysus?
Probably
intentionally
damaged by Early
Christians
Middle Aged
Flavian
woman
Young Flavian woman
Emperor
Caracalla
Philippus the Arab,
ruled 244-249
2-D work
• Mosaics
• Wall painting - fresco
MEDIA
Mosaics
•
•
•
•
•
From Greek Hellenistic period
Tessare - colored glass
Ceramic pieces
Narrow color range
Technology and artistry improves to
create what look like paintings
Unswept Floor Roman copy of Hellenistic original. p. 86
Trompe l’oiel
“fool the eye”
Roman Painting
• Fresco (buon affresco, true frecso,
compared to fresco secco, dry fresco)
• Pigment mixed with limewater and
added to wet plaster
• Wax added to surface after paint had
dried to give a sheen to surface.
Villa of the Mysteries at Pompeii 65-50 b.c.
Pompeii
Buried by volcanic eruption of Vesuvius 79 AD
Prosperous community of 25,000
p. 87
depicts initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus
NOT actually
religious—just
decorative
Summer house
of wine
merchant,
richest in town
Content not
currently fully
explained
p. 87
from the Villa of Mysteries Pompeii
Characteristic
p. 87 red background
From Pompeii, c. 62- 79 CE.
Sacral-idyllic (sacred and ideal) landscapes depict
allegorical scenes in Nature.
"Gardenscape"
Villa of Livia, Primaporta (Rome),
c. 30 - 20 B.C.E.
Still Life from
Herculaneum
50 a.d.
SUMMARY
small town
near
Pompeii
Roman art was about
POWER, PLEASURE & PRACTICALITY
ARCHitecture
Still life – a genre
of painting
featuring
inanimate objects
(usually (?)
associated with
material wellbeing)
ART (2-D) – media: mosaic, fresco
SCULPTURE: Realism
MUSIC: not much to say
KEY IMAGE
WHAT:
PANTHEON
WHERE:
ROME
IDEA:
INNOVATIONS -ARCH, concrete
KEY IMAGE
WHAT (SUBJECT):
CAESAR AUGUSTUS
CULTURE:
ROMAN
IDEA:
ART AS PROPAGANDA
WHEN:
around 0
p. 74
Taxi!
KEY IMAGE
KEY IMAGE
CULTURE:
WHERE:
HELLENISTIC/ROMAN
from Pompeii
IDEA:
REALISM, PLEASURE
CULTURE:
ROMAN
MEDIUM:
IDEA:
MOSAIC
PLEASURE
TECHNIQUE:
TROMPE L’OIEL
MEDIUM:
p. 86
Up to Dates?
480 BCE BEGINNING OF GREEK CLASSICAL
ERA/GOLDEN AGE
0-
CAESAR AUGUSTUS IN POWER
– END OF REPUBLIC, START OF
EMPIRE – PAX ROMANA
FRESCO
p. 87
UP NEXT
ROME FALLS 410
CONSTANTINE AND EARLY
CHRISTIANITY
Chapter 5
http://www.mapsofwar.com/images/EMPIRE17.swf